harmony 
And after shewede he liym the nyne sperix (spheres] ; 
And after that the melodye herde he, 
That coineth o/thilke spa-is thryes thre, 
That welle is of m usik and melodye 
111 this world here, and cause of armonye. 
Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 1. 63. 
Look how the floor of heaven 
Is thick inlaid witli patines of bright gold. 
There's not the smallest orb which thou behold'st 
But in his motion like an angel sings, 
Still quiring to the young-eyed cherubins : 
Such harmony is in immortal souls ; 
But. whilst this muddy vesture of decay 
Doth grossly close it iu, we cannot hear it. 
Shak., M. of V., v. 1. 
Harmony Society. See Harmonist, 4. Preestab- 
lished harmony, the doctrine of Leibnitz by which he 
explained the relation between mind and matter, as dis- 
tinct substances, and the facts of our knowledge of the 
material world. He supposed the universe to consist of 
monads, or self-contained beings, which cannot act one 
upon another, each state of every monad being determined 
solely by its preceding states ; but at the same time he as- 
sumed that each monad is a mirror of the universe. To 
explain the fact that the succession of states ol any one 
monad, as a human mind, actually corresponds to the suc- 
cession of states in other monads, and that thus the men- 
tal picture of the events of the external world is a true 
one, he assumed that a certain harmony (the preestab- 
lished harmony) was established in the beginning by God 
among the monads. = Syn. 2. Melody, Rhythm, etc. See 
euphony. 4. Correspondence, consistency, congruity; 
amity. 
harmost (har'most), . [< Gr. oppxm/c, gover- 
nor, < dpfiofciv, set in order, regulate : see har- 
mony.] In Gr. antiq., the title of the governors 
appointed by the Lacedaemonians, during their 
supremacy after the Peloponnesian war, over 
subject or conquered towns ; hence, in general, 
a military governor of a colony or province. 
When Sparta conquered another Greek city, she sent a 
harmost to govern it like a tyrant ; in other words, she vir- 
tually enslaved the subject city. 
J. Fiske, Amer. Pol. Ideas, p. 75. 
harmotonie (har'mo-tdm), n. [< Gr. dp/j6f, a 
joint, + TCftvetv, -raiuiv, cut.] A mineral belong- 
ing to the zeolite group, commonly occurring in 
cruciform twin crystals which vary in color from 
white to yellow, red, or brown. It is a hydrous 
silicate of aluminium and barium. Sometimes 
called cross-stone and andreolite. 
harn (harn), a. and . [A dial, contr. of hard- 
e 2 .] I. a. Made of coarse linen. 
II. n. A very coarse kind of linen. 
Her cutty sark o' Paisley harn, 
That while a lassie she had worn. 
Burns, Tarn o' Shanter. 
harness (har'nes), . [< ME. harneis, harneys, 
herneys, etc., < OF. harnas, harnois, hernois, F. 
harnais (> Pr. arnes = Sp. arnes = Pg. arnez = It. 
arnese = D. harnas = G. harnisch = S w. harnesk = 
Dan. harnisk), armor, < Bret, liarmz, armor, old 
iron, < Bret, houarn, pi. hern, iron, = W. haiarn 
= Ir. iaran = Gael, iarunn, iron, = AS. isen, E. 
iron : see iron. The W. harnais, harness, trap- 
pings, is from E.] 1. The defensive armor and 
weapons of a soldier, especially of a knight ; in 
general, and especially in modern poetical use, 
a suit of armor. The trappings of the war-horse are 
also sometimes included in the term. Harness was the 
early name for body-armor of all kinds. Modern writers 
have tried to discriminate between harness as the armor 
of the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, and 
armor as confined to the plate suits of the fourteenth and 
fifteenth centuries; but armor is the modern English word 
for defensive garments of all sorts, and harness in this 
sense is a poetical archaism. 
Whan thei were alle come to the londe thei were right 
gladde, and trussed theire harneys, and lepe on theire 
horse. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 259. 
I can remember that I buckled his harnes when he went 
to Blackheath flelde. Latimer, 1st Sermon bet. Edw. VI. 
Ring the alarum-bell : Blow wind ! come wrack ! 
At least we'll die with harness on our back. 
Shak., Macbeth, v. 5. 
They quitted not their harness bright, 
Neither by day, nor yet by night. 
Scott, L. of L. M., L 4. 
2. Clothing; dress; garments. [Rare.] 3. The 
working-gear or tackle of a horse, mule, ass, 
goat, dog, or other animal (except the ox) used 
for draft; the straps, collar, bridle, lines, traces, 
etc., put upon a draft-animal to enable it to 
work and to guide its actions. See cut in next 
column. 
Another of these disguised peasants cuts the hairness of 
the horse. Coryat, Crudities, I. 21. 
Hence 4. Figuratively, working-tackle of any 
kind ; an equipment for any kind of labor; also, 
that which fits or makes ready for labor: as, his 
duties keep him constantly in the harness. 
It [the soul] arouses itself at last from these endear- 
ments, as toys, and puts on the harness, and aspires to vast 
and universal aims. Emerson, Love. 
5. The apparatus in a loom by which the sets 
of warp-threads are shifted alternately to form 
harp 
[He] hittes hym on the hcde, that the helnic bristis ; 
Hurttes his herne-pane an haunde-brede large ! 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2228. 
Be he dead, be he living, wi' my brand 
I'll clash his hams frae his ham-pan! 
Child Rowland (Child's Ballads, I. 250). 
Horse's Harness. 
I, ciown ; 2, cheek-piece ; 3. front ; 4, 4, blinds ; 5, nose-band ; 6, bit ; 
7, curb ; 8, check ; 9. throat-latch ; 10, rein ; n, collar ; 12, hame ; 13, 
name-link ; 14, hame-strap ; 15, pole-strap ; 16. martingale ; 17, trace- 
tug ; 18, trace ; 10, saddle ; 20, terret ; 21, belly-band ; 22, turn-back ; 
23. crupper ; 24, breeching ; 25, hip-strap ; 26, trace-bearer. 
the shed. It consists of the heddles and their 
means of support and motion. Also called 
mounting. 6. The mechanism by which a large 
bell is suspended and tolled. 7. Temper; hu- 
mor: alluding to the behavior of a horse in 
harness. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]_ Harness of 
arms', a complete suit of armor. To die in harness. 
See dfol. 
harness (har'nes), v. t. [< ME. herneysen, her- 
neschen, < OF. harnascher, harness; from the 
noun.] 1. To dress in armor; equip with ar- 
mor for war, as a man or horse. [Archaic.] 
Few of them were harnessed, and for the most part all 
vnexpert and vnskilfull in the feates of warre. 
Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 24. 
Full fifty years, harness'd in rugged steel, 
I have endur'd the biting winter's blast Mowe. 
Harness the horses ; and get up, ye horsemen, and stand 
forth with your helmets. Jer. xlvi. 4. 
2f. To fit out; equip; dress. 
A gay daggere 
Harneysed wel, and scharp as poynt of spere. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 114. 
Ryse on morwe up erly 
Out of thy bedde, and harneyse thee 
Er evere dawnyng thou maist se. 
Rom. of the Rose, 1. 2847. 
His clothinge was . . . girde with a girdell harnesshed, 
and he was longe and broun and a blakke berde, and his 
heed bare with-oute coyfe. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 279. 
3f. To equip or furnish for defense. 
They saw the camp of the heathen, that it was strong, 
and well harnessed, and compassed round about with horse- 
men. 1 Mac. iv. 7. 
4. To put harness or working-tackle on, as a 
horse. 5. To fit up or put together with metal 
mountings. [Rare.] 
They [wooden drinking-cups] were hooped and mounted 
or harnessed in silver. Archaeol. Inst. Jour., XXXIV. 300. 
6. To fasten to a boat by the toggle-iron and 
tow-line, as a whale. 
harness-board (har'nes-bord), n. The com- 
pass-board of a loom. 
harness-cask (har'nes-kask), TJ. A cask, usu- 
ally in the form of the frustum of a cone, fas- 
tened on the deck of a vessel to receive the salt 
beef and pork for daily consumption. Also 
called harness-tub. 
Some thieves went aboard the smack, . . . and break- 
ing open a harness cask on deck, stole about one cwt. of 
beef. Aberdeen Journal, Dec. 2, 1818. 
harness-clamp (har'nes-klamp), n. A saddlers' 
vise for holding leather while it is stitched. 
harnessed (har'nest), p. a. Marked with streaks 
of color, as if wearing a harness : as, the har- 
nessed antelope, Tragelaphus scriptus. P. L. 
Sclater. 
hamesser (har'nes-er), n. One who harnesses. 
harness-maker(har'nes-ma"ker), n. One whose 
trade is the making of harness. 
harnessmentt (har'nes-ment), n. [< harness + 
-ment.] Equipment. Dames. 
To every knight he allowed or gave 100 shillings for his 
harnessetnents. Holland, tr. of Camden's Britain, p. 174. 
harness-plate (har'nes-plat), . The electro- 
plated metal-work used in fine harness, as bits, 
rings, buckles, etc. 
harness-tub (har'nes-tub), n. Same as harness- 
cask. 
harness-weaver (har'nes-we"ver), . A wea- 
ver employed in the manufacture of the more 
complicated patterns of shawls, etc. [Scotch.] 
harn-pan (harn'pan), n. [< ME. hernpanne, 
hernepanne (= MLG. hernepanne ; cf. MLG. 
Cnne = Dan. pande = Sw. panna, the fore- 
id); < harn-s + pan.'] The brainpan; the 
skull. [Old Eng. and Scotch.] 
hjarni = Sw. hjerna = Dan. hjerne, the brain ; 
cf. Icel. lijarsi, pron. hjassi, = Sw. hjesse = Dan. 
isse, the crown of the head ; = Skt. girsan, the 
head; allied to L. cerebrum,the brain, Gr. napa, 
Kapqvov, the head, Kpaviov, the skull, cranium, 
Skt. ciras, head.] Brains. [Old Eng. and 
Scotch.] 
And of hys hede he brake the bone, 
The harnes lay uppon the stone. 
MS. Burl., 1701, f. 34. (Halliwell.) 
liarnser, harnsey (harn'ser, -si), . Dialectal 
corruptions of heronsew. 
harowt, interj. See harrow 3 . 
harp (harp), n. [< ME. harpe, < AS. hearpe = 
D. harp = MLG. harpe, herpe = OHG. harpha, 
MHG. harpfe, G. harfe = Icel. harpa = Sw. 
harpa = Dan. hurpe = Goth, "harpo (not re- 
corded, but inferred from the derived LL. har- 
pa, >It. arpa, arpe, Sp. Pg. Pr. arpa, F.. harpe), 
a harp ; root unknown. Not connected with 
Gr. apjn/, a sickle.] 1. A musical instru- 
ment with strings which are played by being 
plucked with the fin- 
gers. The modern orchestral 
harp consists of a wooden 
frame somewhat triangular in 
shape, on which are strung 
nearly fifty strings of varying 
length. The frame comprises 
the pedestal, supporting the 
whole and containing the ped- 
als; the large hollow back,with 
the soundboard, in which are 
inserted the lower ends of the 
strings; the neck, with the 
wrestpins to which the upper 
ends of the strings are attach- 
ed, and bearing the mecha- 
nism operated by the pedals ; 
and the pillar, supporting the 
outer end of the neck, and con- 
taining the pedal-rods. The 
strings are of catgut, colored 
so as to be readily distin- 
guished from each other ; the 
lowest eight are wound with 
light wire. They are tuned 
diatonically in the scale of $ 
beginning two octaves below 
Modem Harp 
restpins ; o, pillar. 
middle C, and extending up- 
ah* 
ward about six and a hah* 
octaves. The pedal-action is so contrived that a slight 
movement raises the pitch of all the strings of the same 
letter-name a semitone ; while a greater movement short- 
ens them two semitones. Seven pedals are used, one for 
each tone of the scale, all of which may be held by notches 
in either position, so that the entire instrument may be 
tuned in Cb, CJ\, or 
Cfl, or in any de- 
sired combination 
of sharps and flats. 
Thus music in any 
key is possible, with 
somewhat extreme 
modulations. The 
modern harp has 
been evolved from 
types found among 
the Egyptians, As- 
syrians, Hebrews, 
and various Celtic 
nations. All antique 
varieties are defi- 
cient in compass, in 
precision of pitch, 
and in sonority. 
Most of the Oriental 
Egyptian Harps- 
a, from a painting at Thebes; b, from ; 
painting at Dendera. 
forms lack that important part of the frame, the pillar. 
The medieval harps could be played only in one key, with 
such slight chromatic alterations as could be effected by 
stopping a string with the finger. Chromatic tuning has 
been unsuccessfully attempted. Pedals for making chro- 
matic changes were introduced early in the eighteenth 
century. Single-action harps are 
those in which each pedal pro- 
duces only one such change; 
double-action, those in which 
each pedal may be used to pro- 
duce two such changes. The 
modern double-action harp was 
perfected In 1810 by Sebastian 
Erard. A double harp Is one 
with two sets or rows of strings, 
differently tuned ; a triple harp, 
one with three such sets or rows. 
The technique of the harp is 
notable, because the fingering 
remains the same in all keys; 
while its mechanism is exactly 
modeled on the principles of 
French Harp of the rath the staff-notation. The harp is 
century. (From Vioiiet-ie- capl ,bie of very beautiful and 
"anrai,"' ied mU8ic Wi * W " Certain 
limits of power and quality. 
Although solid chords are feasible, more characteristic 
effects are produced by playing the tones of the harmony 
