Harrington knot 
Harrington knot. See knot*. 
harrisht a. An obsolete form of harsh. 
harrisite (har'is-it), . [< Harris (a proper 
name) + -itc*.] A mineral having the com- 
position of chalcocite and the cleavage of ga- 
lena, probably a pseudomorph, found at the 
Canton mine in the State of Georgia. 
Harris's finch. See iin,-h*. 
harrott, [< ME. harrot: see herald.] An 
obsolete variant of herald. 
Ryght sone were thay reddy on every sydc, 
For the harrotes betwyxte thame fast dyde ryde. 
MS. Lansdoime, 208, f. 20. (Halhmll.) 
The flrst red herring that was broiled in Adam and 
Eve's kitchen do I fetch my pedigree from, by the harrot s 
book. B. Jonmn, Every Man in his Humour, i. 3. 
harrow 1 (har'6), . [< ME. harow, haroice, 
hunt, Itarwe, < AS. (gloss) hearge, a harrow, = 
D. hark = MLG. harke, herke, LG. hark, a rake 
(> G. harke, a rake), = Icel. herfl, a harrow, = 
Sw. harf, a harrow (Sw. harka, a rake, from 
LG.), = Dan. hare, a harrow. Root unknown ; 
the forms are somewhat discordant. The F. 
herse, & harrow, is different: see hearse*.] An 
implement, usu- 
ally formed of 
pieces of timber 
or bars of metal 
crossing one an- 
other and set 
With iron teeth "common Harrow. 
(also called 
tines), drawn (usually by one corner) over plow- 
ed land to level it and break the clods, and to 
cover seed when sown. A similar implement is drawn 
by a boat or vessel over oyster-beds to clear them of ma- 
rine plants and objectionable substances. 
He cut them with saws, and with harrows of iron, 
and with axes. 1 Chron. xx. 3. 
that a pot of siluer once would cracke 
Beneath my harroiv, by Alcides sent. 
Beaumont, tr. of Persius's Satires, ii. 
Chain harrow, an implement consisting of a congeries 
of iron rings, used for covering grass-seeds, and especial- 
ly for separating weeds from the earth or clods in which 
they are enveloped. Revolving harrow, a harrow the 
teeth of which are arranged on radiating arms in a frame 
pivoted to the draft-gear so that it can rotate in a horizon- 
tal plane in order to assist the tearing or raking action of 
the teeth. Under the harrow, In a state of uneasiness 
or misery. 
Folks work harder to enjoy themselves than at anything 
else I know. Half of them spend more money than they 
can afford to, and keep under the harrow all the time, just 
because they see others spend money. 
C. D. Warner, Their Pilgrimage, p. 186. 
harrow 1 (har'6), v. t. [< ME. harowen, harewen, 
harwen = Sw. harfva = Dan. harve, harrow, = 
D. G. harken, rake; from the noun.] 1. To 
draw a harrow over ; break or tear with a har- 
row : as, to harrow land or ground. 
Let the Volsces 
Plough Rome, and harrow Italy. Shak., Cor., v. 3. 
And ye maun harrow 't wi' a thorn, 
And hae your wark done ere the morn. 
The Elfin Knight (Child's Ballads, I. 129). 
2. To tear or lacerate as if by a harrow ; tor- 
ment; harass. 
Bern. Looks it not like the king? mark it, Horatio. 
Hor Most like : it harrows me with fear and wonder. 
Shak., Hamlet, i. 1. 
Imagine you behold me bound and scourg'd, 
My aged muscles harrow'd up with whips. Howe. 
harrow' 2 t (har'6), r. t. [< ME. harwen, herwen 
(as mod. E. harry, < ME. herien), < AS. hergian, 
harry, ravage: seeharry.] To ravage; despoil; 
vex: same as harry. 
Thus Ihesus Crist harewide belle, 
And ledde hise loners to paradijs. 
Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.\ p. 53. 
The king, . . meaning thereby to harrow his people, 
did accumulate them the rather. Bacon, Hist, Henry VII. 
harroW 3 t (har'6), interj. [Also written harow, 
early mod. E. also haroll; < ME. harrow, har- 
rowe, haro, < OF. haro, harott, harau, harol, an 
exclamation, perhaps a call for help, < OS. her- 
od, OHG. herot, here, hither, < OS. her, OHG. 
her, hera = E. here. Cf. OHG. harm, MHG. 
haren, harn, call out, shout.] Help! hallo! 
hello! an exclamation of sudden distress, of 
lamentation, or of indignation or surprise: 
used by heralds to attract attention. 
Owte ! owte ! harrouv ! helples, slyke hote at es here, 
This es a dongon of dole that I am todyghte. 
York Plays, p. 5. 
Thev criden, "Out! harrow and weylaway." 
Chaucer, Nun's Priest's Tale, 1. 560. 
" Harrow ! the flames which me consume," said hee, 
"Ne can be quencht, within my secret bowelles bee. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. vi. 49. 
haiTOW 3 t, [ME., also harrowe; < harnxr*, 
intcrj.] Disturbance; cry; uproar. 
2729 
Helpe ! Belsabub ! to bynde ther boyes, 
Such harrom was neuer are herd* in belle. 
York Play, p. 377. 
harrower 1 (har'o-er), n. [< harrow*, v., + -er 1 .] 
One who harrows. 
harrower 2 (har'o-er), . [< ME. *harovre, 
harwere; < harrow? + -er*; = harrier^, q. v.] 
1. One who harrows or despoils. 
We xulle telle 
Be dale and hylle 
How harwere of helle 
Was born this nyght. 
Coventry Plays, p. 159. 
2. A species of hawk; a harrier. 
harrowing 1 (har'o-ing), p. a. [Ppr. of harrow*, 
v. t.] Heart-rending; excruciating; distress- 
ful; tragic: as, the harrowing details of a 
murder. 
My soul with harrourinr/ anguish torn, 
This for my Chieftain have I borne ! . 
Scott, L. of the L., iv. 6. 
harrowing 2 t (har'o-ing), n. [< ME. harrowiitge, 
harowinge, earlier hergung, etc.: see harrying.) 
Same as harrying. 
harrowingly (har'o-ing-li), adv. In a harrow- 
ing manner; excruciatingly. 
harry (har'i), v.; pret. and pp. harried, ppr. har- 
rying. [(1) < ME. haryen, harien, herien (as mod. 
harrow*, < ME. harwen, herwen), earlier hergien, 
< AS. hergian (= OHG. harjon, herjon, fir-herjon, 
MHG. hern, ver-hergen, ver-hern, G. ver-heeren = 
Icel. herja - Sw. hdrja = Dan. hverje, hmrge), 
lay waste, ravage, harry, lit. overrun with an 
army, < here, an army, in particular the enemy, 
= OS. heri = OFries. hiri, here = D. heer, heir = 
MLG (incomp.) here-, her- (here-strate, her-ge- 
toch) = OHG. heri, hari, MHG. here, G. heer = 
Icel. here (for heri) = Sw. heir = Dan. h(er = 
Goth, harjis, a host, army, = OBulg. kara, 
strife, = Lith. karas, war, = 'Lett.-karsch, war, 
tumult, = OPruss. karjis, army ; cf. Zend kara, 
army. The AS. here, an army, host, is lost in 
E., but is represented by various derivatives 
and compounds, namely, harry and its doublet 
harrow*, heriot, herring, and, indirectly, har- 
bor*, herald, the proper name Harold, etc. (2) 
With this verb of AS. origin is mixed another 
of F. origin, of similar form and related mean- 
ing, namely, ME. haryen, harien (mod. E. also 
hare 2 ), < OF. haricr, harer, draw, drag.] I. 
trans. 1. To make a hostile incursion upon; 
ravage by war or invasion ; make forced exac- 
tions upon; harass by rapacity or violent de- 
mands; despoil; strip; rob. 
They [the Clans] will admit of no Sheriff into their Coun- 
try nor appear before the English Courts of Justice ; and 
thereupon harried all the Country with Fire and Sword. 
Baker, Chronicles, p. 365. 
Our souldiors in manner of a tempestuous whirlewind, 
carrying and harrying the riches of the barbarians, wasted 
whatsoever stood in their way. 
Holland, tr. of Ammianus (1609). 
Mony a kittywake's and lungie's nest hae I harried up 
amang thae very black rocks. Scott, Antiquary, TO. 
During the past twenty years every shire in Wessex had 
been harried [by pirates] again and again. 
J. R. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. " 01 
harshen 
the spoliation of hell - that is, the delivery by Christ, upon 
his descent into hell after his cnu-itlxi of the souls of 
the righteous who had been there held captive by hataii : 
a favorite subject of homily and allusion in the middle 
Harry-long-legS (har'i-long'leg/), . Same as 
daddy-lonff-bgt, L [Eng.] 
That the males of some Diptera right together is certain; 
for Prof. Westwood has several times seen this with some 
species of Tipula or Harry-long-legs. 
Darwin, Descent of Man, I. 339. 
harry-ruffiant, . [Cf. harry-gad.] Same as 
harry-gad. 
Ould Harry-ruflaiu, bankerupts, southsayers, 
And youth whose cousenage is as old as theirs. 
Bp. Corbet, Elegy on Bp. Ravis. 
harrysoph (har-i-sof), n. [A familiar reduc- 
tion of Uenry-sophister (NL. pi. Sophishe Hen- 
riciani Ray, Proverbs, 2d ed., 1678, p. 299) ; < 
Harry (King Henry VIII.) + nophister, in ret. 
to some foundation by that king. Usually re- 
garded as a humorous perversion of an alleged 
Gr.*fpJo0of, very wise, < >-, an intensive pre- 
fix, + 0-006?, wise.] In the University of Cam- 
bridge, England, a student who, having at- 
tained sufficient standing to take the degree of 
B. A. , declares himself a candidate for a degree 
in law or medicine. 
harsh (harsh), a. [Formerly sometimes harnsli, 
E. dial, also hash, < ME. Mrtk, also hask, rough 
(" harske or haske, as sundry frutys" Prompt. 
Parv.), < OSw. harsk, Sw. harsk, harsken, rank, 
rancid, rusty, = Dan. harsk, rancid, = G. harsch, 
harsh, rough ; not found in AS., OHG., or Icel. ; 
prob. connected with hard, q. v., the d being 
early lost, and the term, being ult. the same as 
-ish*. Cf. rash*.] 1. Rough to the touch or to 
any of the senses; sharp or sour to the taste, 
discordant to the ear, inharmonious to the eye, 
etc.; grating; rasping; acrid; irritating: as, 
a harsh surface; harsh fruit; a harsh voice; a 
harsh combination of colors. 
Sorbum, an harrysshe pear. Sir T. Elyot. 
They [plums] that ar Htle ones, and harde, and harrish 
taste, ar sterk noughts. Turner, Herbal (1562). 
Black feels as if you were feeling needles' points, or some 
harsh sand ; and red feels very smooth. 
I met my lady once ; 
A woman like a butt, and harsh as crabs. 
Tennyson, Walking to the Mail. 
The haze of the October afternoon . . . blended in all 
and sundry of the local colors, harsh and harmonious, into 
one pleasant bit of gleaming tone. 
G. H. Boughton, Artist Strolls in Holland, vi. 
2 Hard or severe in effect ; of such a nature 
as to be repellent from any physical point of 
view. 
The valleyes and sides of the hills very fertile, but the 
mountaines harsh, and of a sulphurous composition. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smiths Works, II. 272. 
He who writes honestly is no more an enemy to the of- 
fender than the physician to the patient, when he pre- 
scribes harsh remedies to an inveterate disease. 
Dryden, Abs. and Achit., To the Reader. 
3 Repugnant to the mind or the sensibilities ; 
mentally or morally forbidding; hard to bear, 
endure, resolve upon, etc. 
His agent, while he harried the tenants to supply his 
master's demands, plundered Illustrissimo frightfully. 
Howells, Venetian Life, xxL 
2t. To trouble; vex; harass; agitate; tease; 
harrow. 
I repent me much 
That so I harried him. Shak., A. and C., ill 3. 
3f. To draw or drag violently. 
Haried forth by arme, foot, and too. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1868. 
II. intrans. To make harassing incursions. 
What made your rogueships, 
Harrying for victuals here? 
Fletcher, Bonduca, it 3. 
Harry Dutchman. See Dutchman. 
harry-gad, harry-gaud (har'i -gad, -gad), n. 
[Appar. < Harry, used, as also in harry-niffian, 
somewhat like Jack (implying a wild or reckless 
person), + gaffi, gaud.] A wild or reckless per- 
son. Grose. [Prov. Eng.] 
Harry-groatt, A groat coined in the reign 
of Henry VIII. There were several kinds. 
Spurroyals, Harry-groats, or such odde coine. 
Jasper Mayne, City Match, ii. 3. 
A piece of antiquity, sir ; 'tis English coin ; and if you 
will needs know, tis an old Harry groat. 
Mannwn, Antiquary. 
harrying (har'i-ing), n. [< ME. heriunge, her- 
gung (also harrowinge, haroioing, mod. harrow- 
ing), < AS. hergung (= OHG. heruinga, herunga, 
MHG. henmge, G. ver-heerung), ravaging, < her- 
gian, ravage, despoil, harry: see hurry.] Rav- 
aging; spoliation Harryingorharrowingofhellt, 
, 
The very shining force of excellent virtue, thougli in a 
very harnsh subject, had wrought a kind of reverence in 
them Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, iv. 
How charming is divine philosophy ! 
Not harsh and crabbed, as dull fools suppose. 
477. 
Milton, ComiiB, 1 
Bear patiently the hareh words of thy enemies. 
Jer. Taylor. 
But, like all compulsory legislation, that of Nature is 
harsh and wasteful in its operation. 
Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 34. 
4. Austere in character or severe in action; 
stern; hard; unkind. 
He was a wise man and an eloquent, but in his charac- 
ter harsh and haughty. 
Absent thee from felicity awhile, 
And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain. 
Shak., Hamlet, v. 2. 
A harsh Mother may bring forth sometimes a mild 
Daughter. Howett, Letters, iL 53. 
= Syn. 3 and 4. Severe, Rigorous, etc. (see austere)-, ac- 
rimonious, ill-natured, ill-tempered, uncivil, ungracious, 
churlish, brutal. 
harsht, v. [< harsh, a.] To sound harshly ; 
crack. Danes. 
At length with rounsefal from stock vntruncked yt harssh- 
et fc Stanihurst, jEneid, ii. 656. 
harshen (har'shn), v. t. [< harsh + -ew 1 (3).] 
1 . To render harsh ; make hard and rough. 
His brow was wrinkled now, his features harshened. 
Kingsley, Westward Ho, xi. 
2. To render peevish, morose, or austere. 
Three years of prison might be some excuse for a soured 
and harshened spirit. Kingsley, Alton Locke, xxxn. 
[Rare in both uses.] 
