hazelnut 
Tiler ben summe of Ihe grelnesse of a Bene, and summe 
als grele as un Haselte Note. Mandeville, Travels, p. 158. 
2. The plant which bears the hazelnut. See 
hazel. 
hazel-oil (ha/zl-oil), . A severe beating, as 
with hazel rods. [Prov. Eng.] 
hazel-rag, hazel-raw (ha'zl-rag, -ra), . Same 
as hazel-erottles. 
hazel-tree (ha'zl-tre), n. 1. Same as hagel. 
2. A tree, Guevina Avellaiia, of the natural 
order Proteacea;. It is found in Chili and the Chonos 
archipelago west of Patagonia. It is a very ornamental 
tree, 30 feet in height, with snow-white flowers and coral- 
red fruit, the latter ripening at the same time with the 
opening of the former. It is an evergreen tree, with tough 
elastic wood, which is used in the construction of boats. 
hazelwort (ha'zl-wert), . Asarum Europ<eum, 
the asarabacca. See Asarum. [Eng.] 
hazer (ha'z6r), n. One who hazes. 
The hazers in college are the men who have been bred 
upon dime novels and the prize-ring in spirit, at least, 
if not in fact to whom the training and instlncls of the 
gentleman are unknown. 
ft W. Curtis, Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 636. 
haziness (ha'zi-nes), n. The state of being 
hazy. 
hazing (ha 'zing), n. [Verbal n. of haze%, v.~\ 
The act or practice of harassing or abusing a 
new-comer, as a student at college or a sailor 
at sea, by practical jokes or tricks. 
The petty bullying of hazing, and the whole system of 
college tyranny, is a most contemptible denial of fair play. 
. W. Curtis, Harper's Mag., LXXVL 635. 
hazle 1 , n. and a. See hazel. 
hazle 2 t (ha'zl), v. t. [< OF. hosier, haler, sun- 
burn, F. hdler, sunburn, < OF. hasle, F. hdle, 
sunburning, the scorching heat of a summer 
sun.] To make dry; parch up. 
That happy wind . . . did hazle and dry up the forlorn 
dregs and slime of Noah's deluge. D. Rogers, Naaman. 
hazle 3 (ha'zl), n. [Perhaps named from its 
color, < hazlel, hazel. Cf. hasel-gebirge, an im- 
portant group in Austria.] In coal-mining, a 
tough mixture of sandstone and shale. Gresley. 
[North. Eng.] 
hazock (ha'zok), n. Same as haysuck. 
hazy (ha'zi), a. [< hazel + -yl.] 1. Opaque 
with haze; obscured by light fog or smoke; 
dull ; misty : used with reference to the state 
of the atmosphere, or to atmospheric effects, 
as in a picture: as, a hazy morning; a hazy 
landscape. 
Indeed the sky was, in general, so cloudy, and the wea- 
ther so thick and hazy, that he had very little benefit of 
sun or moon. Cook, Voyages, III. i. 4. 
Like hidden poets lie the hazy streams. 
T. B. Bead, Indian Summer. 
2. Lacking distinctness ; obscure ; vague ; con- 
fused : applied to thought and expression : as, 
a hazy reasoner ; a hazy proposition. 
He was as hazy about the Hypostatic Union as are many 
laymen about the Pragmatic Sanction. 
Scribner's Mag., III. 739. 
H. B. M. An abbreviation of His (or Her) 
Britannic Majesty. 
H-branch (ach'branch), n. A double-branch 
pipe or T-joint united with a four-way joint, 
used to connect two parallel 
pipes with a pipe at right an- 
gles. 
H. 0. An abbreviation of 
House of Commons. 
hdkf. A commercial contrac- 
tion of handkerchief. 
H-drill (ach'dril), n. A spe- 
cial form of rock-drill having 
an end the section of which 
resembles the letter H. See 
cut under drill. 
he 1 (he), pron. and .; now only in the masc., 
nom. he, poss. his, obj. (dat. and ace.-) him, pi. 
(from another source) nom. they, poss. their, obj. 
(dat. and ace.) them. [The pron. of the 3d per- 
son, now commonly recognized only in the masc. 
sing., the pi. being supplied by another word, 
and the associated fem. (poss. and obj.) her and 
the ueut. it being commonly treated as sepa- 
rate words; but orig. complete in all genders 
and cases, presenting a typical form, and re- 
taining still the most numerous characteristics 
of the ancient pronominal inflection, and for 
that reason, and in order to explain its involved 
forms clearly, exhibited here with some full- 
ness. The native and other Teut. forms are 
given in detail below in separate divisions; the 
typical form is the nom. sing. masc. he, < ME. 
he, < AS. he = OS. lie, hi, hie = OFries. hi = 
MLG. he, LG. he, hei = D. hij = Goth. *hix 
(found only in the masc. dat. himma, ace. himi, 
2747 
neut. ace. hita) = Scand. (with a suffixed de- 
monstrative particle),Icel. 7wH=Sw. Dan. him, 
he (Icel. hiini, Sw. Dan. hinn, hiu, that, the other) 
(for other Teut. forms, see below); Teut. *///, 
perhaps allied to L. hie (< t/ "hi + -c, -ce, a de- 
monstrative suffix), this, this one, and to Gr. 
K(i>of, f/crivof, that one, CKCI, there. A different 
root, not found in AS. and E. (being appar. 
merged at an early period in that of he), ap- 
pears in OS. masc. gen. is, etc., neut. nom. it 
(gen. is) = OHG. MHG.G. masc. nom. er, OHG. 
MHG. neut. ez, Gr. es, it, = Goth. masc. is (gen. is, 
dat. imma, ace. ina), fenu gen. izos, etc., neut. 
ita (gen. is, etc.) = L. is, fem. ea, neut. id, he, 
she, it, that, = Skt. i, this, that: an Indo-Eur. 
demonstrative pronominal root appearing also 
in various inflectional and deriv. suffixes. 
From the same Teut. pronominal root "hi are 
derived here 1 , hen 2 (obs.), hence, hethen 2 (obs.), 
hither. The fem. and pi. forms of he began to 
fall away in the early part of the ME. period, 
being replaced in part by forms from other 
stems : see she and they. The aspirate in he, 
her, him is commonly suppressed in ordinary 
pronunciation after an accented monosyllable 
or dissyllable, a suppression which prevails 
throughout in the case of it. orig. hit, but is 
not generally acknowledged in regard to the 
other forms except in intentional representa- 
tions of colloquial or dialectal speech, as, I 
told 'im so, see if Vs in, take 'em away, etc. 
In formal speech the aspirate is more care- 
fully given.] I. personal pron. A personal 
pronoun of the third person, the form he be- 
ing nominative singular masculine. It stands 
for a noun or another pronoun previously expressed, or 
in place of such a word not expressed when pointed out 
by the situation. The various forms of he, including those 
of Middle English with their Anglo-Saxon originals and 
their cognates, are here given according to gender and 
case, with quotations. Idiomatic uses applicable to all 
forms are then treated without regard to case. 
A. Masc. sing, (a) Nom. he. [Colloq. or dial, also c, also 
ha, a (see 06), < ME. he, heo, ha, ho, a, e, < AS. he = OS. he, 
hi', hie = OFries. hi, he' = MLG. he, LG. he,' hei = D.' Ay 
= Goth, "his (= Icel. harm = Sw. Dan. Aon): see further 
in etym. above.] 
Ac wel worth Pouerte ! for he may walke vnrobbed 
Among pilours in pees, yf pacience hym folwe. 
Piers Plowman (C), xiv. 1. 
Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he 
fall. 1 Cor. x. 12. 
If thou beest he But, 0, how fallen ! how changed 
From him who in the happy realms of light, 
Clothed with transcendent brightness, didst outshine 
Myriads, though bright! Milton, P. L., 1. 84. 
He who from zone to zone 
Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight. 
Bryant, To a Waterfowl. 
(M Poss. (gen.) Ms (hiz). [Colloq. or dial, also is, < ME. 
his, hys, is, ys, < AS. his = OFries. his<= OS., etc., t,from 
another root: see etym. above).] Of him: now always 
merely possessive, and preceding the noun, but originally 
also used objectively with certain verbs. By a confusion 
of the genitive suffix -es, -is with this possessive form of 
the personal pronoun, the suffix came in the sixteenth and 
seventeenth centuries to be often written separately as 
his: as, Artaxerxes his crown, etc. For this use, see under 
Ai2. For the neuter his, see C (6). 
Nys hele nane in God his [Latin in deo ejus, Vulgate]. 
Ps. iii. 2 (ME. version). 
He . . . became is man. Havelok, 1. 2254. 
When y thenke on Jesu blod that ran doun bi ys syde. 
Specimens of Lyric Poetry (ed. Wright), p. 83. 
For no wickede dede 
That the sire hym-self doth, by hus owene wil, 
The sone for the syres synne sholde not be the werse. 
Piers Plowman (C), xi. 237. 
(c) Obj. (dat.) him. [Colloq. or dial, also im, < ME. him, 
hym, < AS. him, hym = OFVies. him = D. hern (= MLG. 
im, em, LG. em = OHG. imo, MHG. ime, im, G. ihm = 
Goth, imma, from another root : see etym. above).] This 
form, originally only dative, is also used as accusative, 
having displaced the original form for the accusative. 
See (d). For the neuter him, see C (c). 
Deth delt him [dat.] a dent, and drof him [ace.] to the erthe. 
Piers Plowman (A), xii. 104. 
Whosoever hath, to him shall be given. Mat. xiii. 12. 
They gave him to drink vinegar mingled with gall. 
Mat. xxvii. 34. 
They had no such lawe, but they had another, that the 
King of Persia might doe what him liked. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 354. 
The story I had of him is literally true, and well known 
to be so in the country wherein the circumstances were 
transacted. Steele, Taller, No. 94. 
[For the proper objective him is often incorrectly used 
he in certain constructions where a familiar sequence 
seems, at the moment, to require that form. 
I cannot think of any character below the flatterer, ex- 
cept he that envies him. Steele, Taller, No. 208. 
Conversely, him is often used, colloquially, for he in the 
predicate: as, it is ftt'wi ; like "it is me" for "it is /." See 
72.] (d) Obj. (ace.) him. [A substitution of the dalive form 
him, or an acconi. to Aim of the earlier form, ME. hin, 
hine, < AS. hine = OFries. Atnf, hine (also him, hem) (cf. 
OS. ina = OHG. ina, MHG. ine, G. in, G. ihn = Goth, ina, 
from another root : see etym. above).] See (c) above. 
(c) Obj. 
here, hit 
he 
A palmere he than mette 
And faire hine grette. 
Kin'j Horn, I. 1027. 
Sore he longed hum for to se. and he liym also. 
Merlin (E. K. T. .), iii. 635. 
B. Fern, sing, (a) Norn, he, ho, hoo (now only dialectal, 
the form she, of different origin, being used in literary 
English). [E. dial, also e, a; < ME. he, hi, hie, heo, ha, 
hoe, ho, hue, a (also geo, jAo, goe, ge, these forms afford- 
ing a transition to the use of scheo, echo, sche, *he, whence 
mod. E. she, q. v.), < AS. hed, hid, hie, hi = OFries. hio, 
hiu (for other Teul. forms, see she).] She. 
The maiden turned oyaln anon, 
And tok the waye he [she] hadde er gon. 
Lai le Freine (Weber's Metr. Rom., I.). 
He [Mary] chaungede cher & seide hou scholde I gon with 
childe 
"Without felauschupe of mon? 
Joseph o/Arimathie (E. E. T. S.), 1. 83. 
Wolt thow wedde this maide, yf ich wol assente, 
For hue ys fayne of thy felauship, and for to be thy make 
[mate]? Piers Plowman (C), tv. 155. 
(6) Poss. (gen.) her. [E. dial, also er; < ME. her, hir, 
here, hire, hur, Hun, ir, < AS. hire, hyre = OFries. hiri = 
D. harer (of. MLO. er. ir, LG. er = OHG. ira, iro, MHO. 
ire, G. ihr = Goth, teas, from another root: see etym. 
above).] 
Er ich wedde suche a wif, wo me by-tyde ! 
For hue ys free! of hure faith and flkel of hure speche. 
Piers Plowman (C), Iv. 158. 
With more than admiration he admired 
Her azure veins, her alabaster skin, 
Her coral lips, her snow-white dimpled chin. 
Shak., Lucrece, L 419. 
_-J. (dat.) her. [E. dial, also er; < ME. her, hir, hyr, 
here, hire, hure, hur, < AS. hire, hyre = OFries. hiri = D. 
haar (cf. OS. iru = MLG. er, ir, LG. er = OHG. iru, MHG. 
ire, ir, G. ihr = Goth, iza, from another root : see etym. 
above).] 
Gawein drough hym to the damesell, and asked hir of 
whens she was. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 543. 
Give me strength 
Kot to tell her, never to let her know. 
Tennyson, Enoch Arden. 
(d) Obj. (ace.) her. [E. dial, also er; < ME. her, hir, hyr, 
substituted (as also the masc. dat. for ace.) for the orig. 
ace., ME. heo, hi (also hise, his, is), < AS. hie, hi = OFries. 
hia (for other Teut. forms, see she).] 
Anima she hatte [is named], ac Enuye hir hateth. 
Piers Plowman (B), ix. 7. 
That thou hast her, it is not all my grief, 
And yet it may be said I loved her dearly. 
Shak., Sonnets, xlii. 
C. Neut. sing, (a) Nom. it. [E. dial, also hit (rather as a 
corrupt aspiration of the prevalent it than a survival of 
the orig. form hit), early mod. E. also yt, < ME. it, yt, et, 
hit, hyt, < AS. hit, hyt = OFries. hit = D. het (cf. OS. it = 
MLG. it, et, LG. et = OHG. iz, ez, MHG. ez, G. es = Goth. 
ita = L. id, etc., from another root: see etym. above).] 
Some of vs went to the lande to the vyllage, whiche is 
right lytel worthe ; hit is vnder the Venysians. 
Sir Ji. Quylforde, Pylgi ymage, p. 10. 
Wealth may be an excellent thing, for it means power, 
it means leisure, it means liberty. 
Lowell, Harvard Anniversary. 
(6) Poss. its, formerly his. [The poss. form it* is first re- 
corded in print in 1598. It is formed from ft by the ad- 
dition of the common possessive (genitive) suffix -s, of 
nouns, the nom. and obj. form it being also used for a 
time in the possessive without a suffix. The substitution 
arose when the orig. neut. poss. his, which had the same 
form as the masc. poss. his, began to be regarded as masc. 
only, thus giving it, when used properly as ueut., the ap- 
pearance of a personification. Earlier mod. E. his, hys, < 
ME. his, hys, < AS. his, in form like the masc. his : see A(6).] 
Of beaten work shall the candlestick be made : his shaft, 
and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, 
shall be of the same. Ex. xxv. 31. 
It Is lust so high as it is, and mooues with it owne or- 
gans. Shak., A. and C. (tolio 1623), U. 7. 
Doe childe, goe to yt grandame, childe, 
Giue grandame kingdome, and it grandame will 
Glue yt a plum, a cherry, and a flgge. 
Shak., K. John (folio 1623X L 2. 
The hardest knife ill used doth lose his edge. 
Shak., Sonnets, xcv. 
The conscious water saw its God and blushed. 
Crashaw, Epigram (trans.) (1634). 
(c) Obj. (dat.) it. [This is a substitution for the orig. him, 
the nom. and ace. it being so frequent (by reason of the 
numerous idiomatic uses of the word) that the dative 
gave way to the accusative, while in the masc. and fern, 
the accusative gave way to the dative. Early mod. E. him, 
< ME. him, hym, < AS. Mm, etc., in forms like the masc. : 
see A (c).] 
We haue no lymes to labore with ; vr lord we hit thonken. 
Piers Plowman (A), vii. 117. 
Thou art inclined to sleep ; 'tis a good dulness, 
And give it way. Shak., Tempest, i. 2. 
(<T) Obj. (ace.) it. [< ME. it, hit, et, < AS. hit, etc., in forms 
like the nom. See (a) above.] 
He [God] is thre persones departable ; ich proue hit by 
mankynde. Piers Plowman (C), xix. 216. 
But vnto him that brouhte yt yee hit take 
Whenne yee haue done. 
Bailees Book (E. E. T. S.X p. 6. 
Ah, my liege Lord ! forgive it unto mee, 
If ought against thine honour I have tolde. 
Spenser, Muiopotmos, 1. 102. 
[This neuter it is now generally treated as a separate word, 
having many idiomatic uses of its own. See t*.] 
