hedgehog-grass 
aoil, and la found from the great lakes to Florida. A more 
southern species, C. echinatus, iscalledthe cockepur. There 
are 10 other species of the genus Cenchrus, chiefly tropical, 
to all of which the name is applicable. It has been given 
to Echinaria capitata (see hedgehog, 3) and to species of 
Panicutn of the section Echiitochloa. See bottle-brush 
grass, under Mile-brush, and cut under bur-grass. Also 
called bur-grass. 
hedgehog-parsley (hej ' hog-pars " li), . An 
umbelliferous plant, t'aurnlis daucoides, com- 
mon on the continent of Europe, and also found 
iu England. The carpels are ribbed, and bear 
four rows of hooked prickles on the back, form- 
ing a sort of bur. Also called bur-parsley. 
hedgehog-plant (ho j 'hog-plant), n. Same as 
hedgehog, 3. 
hedgehog-rat (hej 'hog-rat), n. [Tr. NL. Echi- 
mys.] Any octodont rodent of the subfamily 
Echitnyinw, which includes the spiny rats and 
others : so called from the prickly pelage. See 
JSehimyitue, and cut under Echimys. 
hedgehog-thistle (hej'hog-this"l), n. The 
prickly-pear, Opuntia: also a name of other 
cacti, as of Cereus, Echinocactus, etc. 
hedge-hyssop (hej 'his "op), n. 1. A plant of 
the genus Gratiola, especially G. officinalis, com- 
mon in nearly all of Europe except the Brit- 
ish isles. It was called by the early herbalists Gratia 
Dei, on account of its reputed healing virtues ; and the 
generic name, as well as the name herb-of-grace, is derived 
from this. It Is a bitter purgative and emetic, poisonous 
in large doses. It is said to have formed the basis for the 
famous nostrum for gout, the eau medicinale. It has now 
nearly gone out of use. The genus Gratiola belongs to the 
natural order Scrophidarinece, or flgwort family, and em- 
braces about 20 species, more than half of which are found 
in North America. A single specimen of G. officinalis is 
reported to have been found in Georgia. The Peruvian or 
Victorian hedge-hyssop is G. Peruviana, a semi-aquatic 
species, remarkable for being indigenous to both South 
America and Australia. 
2. In England, the common name of the lesser 
skullcap, Scutellaria minor, a labiate plant not 
often growing in hedges. 
hedge-jug (hej 'jug), n. The bottle-tit or long- 
tailed titmouse, Acredula rosea: named from 
the site and shape of its nest. [Local, Eng.] 
hedge-knife (hej'mf), . An instrument for 
trimming hedges. 
hedge-laurel (hej'la"rel), . An Australian 
plant of the genus Pittosporum, especially P. 
eugenioides, P. rigidum, or P. tenuifolium, of 
New Zealand, cultivated in the botanic gardens 
of Melbourne, Brisbane, etc. They are ornamental 
evergreen shrubs or small trees, with somewhat showy 
white or yellowish flowers. See Pittosporum. 
hedgemaids (hej ' madz), n. The ground-ivy, 
Nepeta Glechoma. See Nepeta. Also called hay- 
maiden, haymaids. 
hedge-marriage (hej'mar"aj), re. A secret or 
clandestine marriage ; an irregular marriage 
performed by a hedge-parson or hedge-priest. 
hedge-mike (hej'mlk), . Same as hedge-spar- 
row, 1. 
hedge-mushroom (hej'mush"r8m), . An edi- 
ble mushroom, Agaricus arvensis, common in 
Europe. Also called horse-mushroom. 
hedge-mustard (hei'mus'tard), n. 1. A plant 
of the genus Sisymbrium, especially S. officinale, 
a stiff-branching European herb with sharply 
incised leaves and small yellow flowers, which 
was formerly much used in medicine as an 
expectorant and a diuretic. It is extensively 
naturalized in America. See Sisymbrium. 2. 
Less correctly, a plant of the genus Erysimum, 
particularly E. odoratum, common on the con- 
tinent of Europe, but not found in England. 
hedge-nettle (hej'nefl), n. In Great Britain, 
a common labiate plant, Stachys sylvatica, grow- 
ing along hedges; in America, S. palustris or 
S. aspera, of similar habit ; also, one of the more 
showy species in cultivation, as S. coocinea, 
the scarlet hedge-nettle. See Stachys. 
hedge-nptet (hej'not), . A writing of no worth 
or dignity. 
They left these hedge-notes for another sort of poem. 
Dryden. 
hedge-parsley (hej' pars 'li), n. A common 
European umbelliferous plant, Caucalis Anthris- 
cus (Torilis Anthriscus) ; also, any species of 
Caucalis except C. daucoides, which is called 
bur-parsley and hedgehog-parsley. They are un- 
attractive weeds. 
hedge-parson (hej'par'sn), re. A mean or il- 
literate parson; one of a class of vagabond 
clergymen formerly existing in England. 
A hedge-parson, or buckle-beggar, as that order of priest- 
hood has been irreverently termed, sate on the Duke's left. 
Scott, B'ortunes of Nigel, xvii. 
hedge-peak (hej'pek), n. The dogrose, Rosa 
canina, the strong prickles of which adapt it for 
hedges. Also hedge-speak. 
2709 
The bullesse, hetly-pcake, hips, and liawes, and sloes, 
Attend his appetite where e'r he goes. 
Taylor, Works (1630). 
I Judge it is with men as It is with plants : take one that 
blossoms too soon, 'twill starve a sloe or hfdg-peake. 
Howard, Man of Newmarket. 
hedgepigt (hej'pig), . A hedgehog. 
1 Witch. Thrice the brinded cat hath mew'd. 
2 Witch. Thrice ; and once the hedge-pig whin'd. 
Shak., Macbeth, iv. 1. 
hedge-pink (hej 'pink), . The soap wort, Sapo- 
naria officinalis. 
hedge-plant (hej'plant), n. A plant used in or 
suitable for forming hedges. 
Several years ago there was much discussion as to the 
use of white willow as a hedge-plant, but it is better fitted 
to form a windbreak. Amer. Cyc., VIII. 604. 
hedge-planter (hej'plan"ter), n. A frame for 
holding young hedge-plants in position while 
being set out in a furrow to form a hedge. 
hedge-presst (hej'pres), . A printing-press at 
which literature of a low kind was printed. 
A person who, by his style and literature, seems to have 
been the corrector of a hedge-press in Little Britain, pro- 
ceeded gradually to an author. Swift. 
hedge-priest (hej'prest), re. A hedge-parson; 
specifically, in Ireland, formerly, a priest who 
had been admitted to orders directly from a 
hedge-school, without preparation in theologi- 
cal studies at a regular college. 
Therefore did som of them at Cambrige (whom I will 
not name openlie) cause hedge pricstes sette out of the con- 
trie to be made fellowes in the vniuersitie. 
Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 136. 
There is five in the first show. . . . 
The pedant, the braggart, the hedge-priest, the fool, and the 
boy- Shak., L. L. L., v. 2. 
hedger (hej'er), n. [< hedge + -er 1 .] 1. One 
who makes or repairs hedges. 
What time the labour'd ox 
In his loose traces from the furrow came, 
And the swink'd hedger at his supper sat. 
Milton, Comus, 1. 293. 
2. In sporting, one who hedges. 
hedge-rime (hej'rim), n. Vulgar doggerel. 
hedge-row (hej'ro), n. A row or series of shrubs 
or trees planted for inclosure, or for the separa- 
tion of fields. 
Some time walking, not unseen, 
By hedge-row elms, on hillocks green. 
Milton, L' Allegro, 1. 68. 
The fields . . . are divided by hedge-rows of myrtle. 
Bp. Berkeley, To Pope. 
hedge-school (hej'skol), n. A school formerly 
kept beside a hedge, or in the open air, in Ire- 
land; a poor, mean school. 
You talk with contempt of a hedge-school. Bid you 
never hear of a nate little spot in Greece called the Groves 
of Academus? 
Carleton, Traits and Stories (The Hedge-School). 
hedge-schoolmaster (hej'skol"mas-ter),. The 
master of a hedge-school. 
Hedge-schoolmaeters were as superior in literary know- 
ledge and acquirements to the class of men who are now 
engaged in the education of the people as they were be- 
neath them in moral and religious character. 
Carleton, Traits and Stories (The Hedge-School). 
hedge-SClSSOrs (hej'siz"orz), n. pi. A large 
crooked kind of scissors or shears for trim- 
ming hedges. 
hedge-shrew (hej'shro'), n. The field-mouse. 
The fire-fly and hedge-shrew and lob-worm, I pray. 
How fare they? Browning, Pippa Passes, Epil. 
hedge-sparrow (hej 'spar' 6), . 1. A small 
European warbler, Accentor modularis, resem- 
bling a sparrow in coloration and frequenting 
hedges. Also called hedge-accentor, hedge-chant- 
er, hedge-chat, hedge-mike, hedge-spick, hedge- 
spurgie, and hedge^warbler. See Accentor, 2 (a). 
The hedge-sparrow fed the cuckoo so long 
That it had its head bit off by its young. 
Shak., Lear, L 4. 
2f. An old book-name of the Jamaican guit- 
guit or rufous-throated tanager, Glossiptila ru- 
ficollis. G. Edwards. 3. Some other hedge- 
bird, supposed to be a sparrow. 
hedge-speak (hej'spek), n. Same ashedge-peak. 
hedge-spick (hej'spik), n. Same as hedge-spar- 
row, 1. 
hedge-spurgie (hej'sper"ji), n. Same as hedge- 
sparrow, 1. [Scotch.] 
hedge-taper (hej 'ta" per), n. Same as hag- 
taper. See mullen. 
hedge-thorn (hej'thdrn), . See hawthorn. 
hedge-vine (hej'vin), n. The virgin's-bower of 
Europe, Clematis Vitalba. 
hedge-Violet (hej'vi"o-let), . The common 
European wood-violet,' Viola syh-atica. 
hedge-warbler (hej 'war "bier), re. Same as 
hedge-sparrow, 1. 
Hedycarya 
hedge-writert (hej'ri"ter), n. A Grub-street 
writer or low author. 
These hedge-writers . . . seldom speak a word against 
any of the late ministry, but they presently fall to compli- 
ment my lord treasurer and others in great places. 
Swift, Remarks on Letter to the Seven Lords. 
hedging (hej'ing), n. [Verbal n. of hedge, t'.] 
The process or work of making or trimming 
hedges. 
He [the agricultural laborer] will . . . proceed to his 
work direct, to the stables, or to the business of hedging 
and ditching. Escott, England, xi. 
hedging-bill, . See hedge-bill. 
hedging-glove (hej'ing-gluv), n. A strong 
leather glove worn to protect the hand in trim- 
ming hedges. 
hedonic (he-don'ik), a. [< Gr. ?}<5owKof, of or for 
pleasure, ^ i]6ovr/, Dor. aSova, delight, < rjSeaBai, 
intr., delight, enjoy oneself, connected with 
avdavew, tr., please, delight, gratify, also with 
(5<5t'f = Skt. svddu = L. suavis = E. sweet, q. v.] 
1. Pertaining to or consisting in pleasure. 
The changes above mentioned in the hedonic effects of 
bitter tastes, sweet tastes, or the like, tend rather to prove 
the contrary. J. Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 68. 
2. Of the nature of hedonism; regarding one's 
own enjoyment as the chief good. 
hedonical (he-don'i-kal), . [< hedonic + -al.~\ 
Same as hedonic. 
hedonics (he-don'iks), . [PI. of hedonic: see 
-ics.'] That branch of ethics which treats of 
the doctrine of pleasure ; the science of active 
or positive pleasure or enjoyment. 
hedonism (he'do-nizm), >i. [< Gr. r/davi/, delight, 
enjoyment, ple'asure (see hedonic), + -ism.'] 
The doctrine of Aristippus and the Cyrenaic 
school of Greek philosophers, that the pleasure 
of the moment is the only possible end, that 
one kind of pleasure is not to be preferred to 
another, and that a man should in the interest 
of pleasure govern his pleasures and not be 
governed by them ; hence, that ethical doctrine 
which regards pleasure or happiness as the 
highest good. The term hedonism is regarded by some 
writers as defamatory, but others apply it to their own 
opinions. Egoistic hedonism considers only the pleasure 
of the individual ; altruistic hedonism takes into account 
that of others. 
The fundamental assumption of Hedonism, clearly stat- 
ed, is that all feelings considered merely as feelings can 
be arranged in a certain scale of desirability, so that the 
desirability or pleasantness of each bears a definite ratio 
to that of all the others. 
B. Sidgurick, Methods of Ethics (2d ed.), p. 115. 
Hedonism I understand to abstract pleasure and pain 
from life, and to make of everything else a mere external 
means to the getting of one and the avoiding of the other. 
Hedonism holds, in short, that every other aspect of the 
world is absolutely worthless. 
F. H. Bradley, Mind, XIII. 36. 
hedonist (he'do-nist), n. [As hedon-ism + -ist.~] 
1. One of the Cyrenaic school of ancient Greek 
philosophers. 2. One who advocates or acts 
upon the theory of hedonism ; one who regards 
pleasure as the chief good. 
The Hedonist, understanding by the bettering of men 
an addition to the pleasures enjoyed by them, present and 
to come, has at any rate an obscure computation before 
him. T. H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, 378. 
hedonistic (he-do-nis'tik), a. [< hedonist + -ic.~\ 
Pertaining to he'donists or the doctrine of he- 
donism ; of the nature of hedonism. 
How vague and empty then the vague discussions con- 
cerning the hedonistic or altruistic primum mobile of In- 
dividual conduct. Maudsley, Mind and Will, il. 167. 
Any hedonistic theory might be met by the assertion 
that life is essentially a painful experience, and pleasure 
unattainable. W. S. Sorley, Ethics of Naturalism, p. 258. 
Hedriophthalma, hedriophthalmous (hed"- 
ri-of-thal'mS, -mus). Same as Edriophthalma, 
edriophtlialmotis. 
Hedwigia (hed-wij'i-ii), n. [NL. (Ehrhart, 
1781), named after Johann Hedwig.] A genus 
of saxicolous mosses, characterized by a ses- 
sile, globular, smooth capsule with an obtuse 
operculum, without a peristome, and with a 
conical laciniate calyptra, the leaves without a 
costa and hyaline at the summit. 
Hedwigiacese (hed-wij-i-a'se-e), n. pi. [NL., 
< Hedwigia + -acete.'] A family of mosses es- 
tablished by Bruch, Schimper, and Gumbel in 
1845, embracing the genera Hedwigia, Hedwi- 
gidium, and Sraunia. 
Hedwigieae (hed-wi-ji'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < Hed- 
wigia + -e<K.~} A division of mosses made by 
Angstro'm in 1846, embracing the genus Hed- 
irii/in only. 
Hedycarya (hed-i-kar'i-a), n. [NL. (Forster, 
1773), < Gr. t/di'f, sweet, + Kdpvov, nut.] A ge- 
