, [< helix (ItellC-) -r- -a(.J 
p er taining to or having the form of a helix. 
T helically (hel'i-kal-i), adi\ In the form of a entirely of left-hand or entirely of right-hand branches, as 
I. a - ui the case inav be. It is laigely a hypothetical condition, 
helianthin 
helianthin (he-li-an'thin),H. [. 
flower. + -in 2 .] A coal-tar color us _. . 
It is the ammonia salt of dimethyl-aniline-azobenzene- helical (hel i-kal), a. 
sulphonic acid. It produces a fiery orange on silk and 
wool. Also called gold orange. 
helianthoid (he-li-an'thoid), a. and n. x. . , ,. 
Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea; resem- H Uce Heliceaj (he-lis'e-a, -e), . . 
bling a sea-anemone ; zoantharian. (Helix \Hclic-) + -ed, -ecel] " Same as Helicidai. 
heliced (he'list), a. [< L. helix (helic-), helix, 
+ -rf 2 .] Having helices ; decorated with heli- 
ces. [Rare.] 
A tholus or dome, which Is richly ornamented, and 
terminates in a foliated and heliced acroterium. 
... _ Encyc. Brit., II. 411. 
< Helianthus + -oidea.~\ An order or some simi- ne ii ces . Plural of helix. 
lar group of malacodermatous or soft-bodied Helichrysese (he-li-kris'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < 
anthozoan or zoantharian polyps, of the class Helichrysum + -ece.~\ In Lindley's system (1845), 
Heliconiinae 
minifera. Also helicoidal. H. In conch., per- 
taining to or resembling the HelicidfK Helicoid 
cyme, in but., same as busiryx. Hellccid dichotomy, 
in hot., a term proposed by Sachs for a certain form of the 
branching of stems in which the sympodium is composed 
Solitary polypes hydroid or helianthoid ... do not 
by locomotion subject their bodies to habitual contrasts 
of condition. B. Spencer, Prin. of Biol., 246. 
II. n. One of the Helianthoidea. 
Also hclianthoidean. 
Helianthoidea (he'li-an-thoi'de-ii), n.pl. [NL., 
Actinozoa ; the sea-anemones, in a broad sense, 
represented by the Actiniida; and related fami- 
lies. Groups more or less exactly synonymous 
are Actiniaria, Hexacoralla,&nAMalacodfrmata. 
Also Helianthoida. 
Helianthoideae (he"li-an-thoi'de-e), n. pi. n e r "i79*l) h-reg. < Gr. pof,'the sun, + ^/)wr(if, 
[NL., < Helianthin + -oidete.] A tribe of plants gol{len- ] A large genus of composite plants, 
established by Bentham and Hooker, belonging B it- i_;T__ r....7..-j _i -<.; ,? v, u a 
to the natural order Composite?, distinguished 
by a chaffy receptacle, anthers mostly sagittate, 
Helichrysum + - _ , . . .. 
a tribe of plants, of the order Asteracece, hav- 
ing Helichrysum as the type, and nearly equiv- 
alent to the Inuloideai of the natural order Com- 
posite. 
Helichrysum (he-li-kri'sum), re. 
f the tribe /^fojdea;, characterized by its 
cornmon i y ye llow flowers, naked receptacle, 
getoge pappus, very conspicuous colored and 
the case may be. It is largely a hypothetical condition, 
and its actual occurrence in nature is doubtful, although 
it is possibly found in the leaf of Adiantum pedatum. 
Helicoid parabola, in math., the curve which aiises when 
the axis of the common parabola is bent round into the 
periphery of a circle, and which is a line then passing 
through the extremities of the ordinates, which converge 
toward the center of the circle. Helicoid spores, in hot., 
spores that are coiled more or less in the form of a helix, 
as in the genus Belicoma. 
II. n. In geom., anyone of several different 
surfaces. See the phrases below Developa- 
ble helicoid, a surface all the generators of which are 
the tangents to a fixed helix. Oblique helicoid, a warped 
surface every generatrix of which passes through a fixed 
helix and makes a constant angle with its axis. Right 
helicoid, a developable surface every generator of which 
passes through a fixed helix, and is perpendicular to its 
[NL. (Gart- helicoidal (hel-i-koi'dal), a. [< helicoid + -al.] 
Same as helicoid, 1. 
The screw consists of two helicoidal pallets covered 
with varnished silk, the deformation of which is guarded 
against by the action of coils of steel wire. 
Science, III. 54. 
, 
pappus never of fine bristles, and leaves coi pe t a loid involucre, and generally alternate en- helicometry (hel-i-kom'e-tri), n. [< Gr. 
monly opposite. It embraces about 150 genera, 
found in both hemispheres. The typical genus 
is Helianthus. 
Same as helianthoid. 
Helianthus (he-li-an'thus), n. [NL. (Linnaeus, 
1753) (cf. L. helianthes), < Gr. ijut, the sun, 
+ av6oc, flower.] A genus of plants, including 
tire leaves. The genus embraces about 270 species of (t'AiK-), a spiral (see helix), + fitrpav, measure.] 
herbaceous or shrubby plants, natives of Europe, Asia, The art of measuring or drawing spiral lines on 
Africa, and Australasia. The parts of the_ flower persist 
iii funeral' wreaths, crosses, 'etc. Among the commoner stringed instrument, appar. the same as e?.iW. 
species in cultivation are H. lucidum, B. anyustifulium, the thread spun from the distaff to the spindle 
_,! IT r.Jf*fntiav*Hn*lvtl ff rtM/*W//T.//.r. flftVtrds rlRrbaffC f "1 ^ / '1 ... \ !_-.! li*l. . n**n llfll.t-v T TT 
and B. 
South 
. , 
H. apiculatum affords herbage 
the common sunflower, belonging to the natural JJjgjJ, f n * tne same region, is called Kafir-tea. ' 
order Composite, tribe Helianthoidea;, of which j| e jj c i a (he-lis'i-a), re. [NL. (Loureiro, 1790), 
so called from tne spirally revolute segments 
, 
The genus consists of about 50 species of annual 
nial herbs, natives of America, largely of North America. 
it is the type. It is characterized byyellow sterile rays 
(rarely wanting), yellow or purple disk-flowers a chaffy re- ; A '"ri^t], < Gr." /jf,"a spiral: see helix.'] 
^l,^^3~^c*.W ^*S^tyltoBoS ape P talous plants , OI 
the natural order Proteacca;, distinguished by 
the slender tube of the perianth, and four spat- 
ulate segments, each bearing an anther. The 
fruit Is hard, indehiscent, nearly globular, and contains 
one or two seeds. The genus comprises about 25 species 
of trees and shrubs with mostly alternate leaves, natives 
of tropical Asia to Japan, and Australia. U. terntfolia of 
Australia is known as the Queensland nut-tree, and is cul- 
B. prtealta, also of Queensland, is 
, (&.IK-), a spiral, a helix: see helix.'] In 
music : (a) An ancient acoustical instrument, 
consisting of 
several strings 
so disposed up- ~^k 
on a resonance- 
box that their 
lengths could 
be geometrical- 
ly adjusted, and 
tlius various 
musical inter- 
vals demon- 
strated. (6) A 
recently invent- 
ed brass wind- 
instrument, used in bands. It is a spiral tube of 
large size, and is carried over the shoulder. Its lowest 
note is two octaves below F or E flat in the liass clef. 
Helicon, def. (). 
tivated for ornament. _,, 
a lofty tree, attaining a height of 100 feet. Impressions of 
leaves belonging to this genus have been found in the 
Miocene of Italy and the Oligocene of Styria; and two 
fossil species, H. ainbiyua and H. Sotztoma, have been 
Heii'c'idle (he-lis'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Helix Helicbneae "(hel-i-ko'ne-e), n.pl. [NL., < Heli- 
(Hclic-) + -idee.] A family of geophilous pul- conia + -co;.] A tribe of plants, of the uatural 
monate gastropods, typified by the genus Helix, order Musaeea;, formed by Lindley in 1845, who 
Tt has been usef with varying limits. Formerly it in- restricted it to the single genus Hehconia 
eluded all or almost all the inoperculate shell-bearing Jjeliconia (hel-i-ko'ni-a), n. 
1 JI i_ *!. .1 II ln i'. ...... . In.,' \ **\*****V****W V * *'. /7 
forms, and according to some the shell-less forms (slugs). 
Later it was more and more restricted, and is now gener- 
ally confined to species with an entire jaw, the marginal 
teeth of the radula bicuspid or tricnspid and transverse, 
and a spiral shell into which the soft parts are retractile. 
It is a very large assemblage of land-shells of cosmopol- 
itan distribution and of considerable range of variation. 
See cuts under Bulimus, Gasteropoda, and Pulnionala. 
Also Belicea, Belitece, and Colimacidai. 
heliciform (he-lis'i-fdrm), a. [< Gr. efa% (Mat-), 
a spiral (see helix), + L. forma, shape.] Hav- 
ing the form of a helix ; helical. 
helicine (hel' i- sin), a. [< Gr. lA/f (-), a 
spiral (see helix), + -inel.] In anat.: (a) Coiled : 
as, the helicine arteries (the small coiling arte- 
rial twigs of the penis or clitoris). (6) Pertain- 
to the helix of the ear: as, the helicine 
ing 
Flowering Branch, Root, and Tubers of Jerusalem Artichoke (Heli- 
anthits tubfrosus). a. ray-flower ; . disk -flower ; c, fruit. 
The common sunflower is now known to be indigenous in 
North America and identical with B. lenticularisol Doug- 
las. In the wild state its seeds have always constituted an 
important part of the food of the Indians of the far west. -/"T"?' ...... . r , , ,. . , . -, 
An oil is expressed from them. The leaves serve for fod- helicmian (hel-l-sm 1-an), . [< hflicnie + -MH.J 
In conch., helicine. 
[< Gr. e?,(f (eAoi-), a spiral 
as a 
der, the flowers yield a large amount of honey as well asa 7 
durable yellow dye, and the stalks furnish a textile fiber. >,~i{{+ rhpl 'i iH n 
Some species are tuber-bearing, especially B. tubawnu, , , "vT ;/, 2 i A fn< 
the Jerusalem artichoke, and its near-ally B. doronicaides. (see helix), + -JteA] A fossil snail-, 
Helias (he'li-as), n. [NL., < Gr. i^iae, of the species of Helix or some related genus, 
sun, < 7/^of, the sun : see heliac.'} Same as He- helicograph (hel' i -ko -graf ), n. Gr. 
liornis, 1 (6). 
heliast (he'li-ast), n. [< Gr. jkarrfa, < fautia: 
see heliaia.} In ancient Athens, one of the body 
of qualified citizens annually chosen to sit as 
judges in the courts ; a dicast. 
The authority which was to be taken from the Areopa- 
gus being of a political as well as a judicial character, an 
oath was required from the heliastft, by which they bound 
themselves, above all things, to favor neither tyranny nor 
oligarchy, nor in any way to prejudice the sovereignty of 
the people. Von Ranke, Univ. Hist, (trans.), p. 203. 
Heliaster (he-li-as'ter), . [NL. , < Gr. rfku><; , sun, 
+ aarr/p, star.] A genus of many-rayed star- 
fishes, of the family Asteriidie, containing such 
(fA<K-) asniral (see he- 
lix), T ypaifieiv, write.] 
A drawing-instrument 
for describing a spiral 
line. A small wheel carry- 
ing a pencil rotates on a screw- 
shaft, and revolves around a 
fixed point, moving toward or from the center, according 
to the direction of revolution. 
Helicograph. 
.,, [NL., fern, of L. 
"Heliconius: see Heliconian."] 1. Same as Helico- 
nius. 2. A genus of monocotyledonpus plants 
founded by Linnseus in 1767, belonging to the 
natural order Musaeea;, and characterized by 
free sepals, short corolla-tube, and ovary-cells 
having one ovule. They are nearly herbaceous, banana- 
like plants with terminal inflorescence. There are about 
25speci2s, nativesof tropical America, 5 of which are found 
in the West Indies, where they are called bastard plan- 
tain. The shoots of B. psittacorum and the fruit of H. 
IKhai are edible. B. Maria- Alexandmvnce, named after 
the Empress of Russia, is a native of the United States of 
Colombia, attains a height of from 12 to 15 feet, and fur- 
nishes a useful flber. It is very ornamental, bearing a 
spike of red flowers 2J feet in length. 
Heliconian (hel-i-ko'ni-an), a. [< L. Heliconius, 
< Gr. '&.CKUVIOC, of Helicon, < 'EXoow, Helicon: 
see def.] Pertaining to or obtained from Heli- 
con, a mountain of Boeotia in Greece, from 
which flowed Aganippe and Hippocrene, two 
fountains sacred to the Muses. It was held 
to be a favorite retreat of Apollo and the 
Muses. 
Shutting reasons up in rhythm, 
Or Heliconian honey in living words, 
To make a truth less harsh. 
Tennyson, Lucretius. 
The Heliconian maids, the Muses. 
The Heliconian Maids in pleasant groves delight. 
Drayton, Polyolbion, v. 223. 
heliconideous (hel'i-ko-nid'e-us), a. Of or per- 
taining to the Heliconiidce. 
heliCOgyrate (hel'i-ko-jl'rat), a. [< Gr. /".(f Species of Heliconia mimic Mechanitis, and every spe- 
(fMK-), a spiral (see helix), + yvpoc. a ring, cir- cies of Napeogenes mimics some other Beliconideou* 
cle: see /Jand gyre.] In tot., surrounded by butterfly. A. R. Wallace, J,at. Select., p. 85. 
an obliquely placed ring, as the spore-cases of Heliconiidse (hel"i-ko-ni'i-de), re. pi. [NL., < 
Trichomanes. Heliconius + -ida:] The Heliconiina; rated as 
species as H.kiibiniji and H. microbrarhia~at the helicoid (hel'i-koid), a. and re. [< Gr. iitKoei- a family. Also written Heliconidce. 
Pacific coast of North America; the sun-stars. *?f, of winding or spiral form, < e/.if (&JK-), a Heliconiinae (hol-i-ko-ni-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
heliastic (he-li-as'tik), a. [< heliast + -ic.] spiral (see lielix), + s!Sof, form.] I. a. 1. Per- Heliconius + -ina.] A subfamily group of 
In ancient Athens, of or pertaining to the he- taining to or having the form of a helix ; screw- vanessoid butterflies, containing the American 
liasts or their functions. shaped ; coiled like a helix. See cut under fora- genera Heliconius and Eueides, with produced 
175 
