Heliconiinae 
wings, closed discoidal cellule, proportionately 
long antenna and abdomen, and slender legs. 
heliconine (hel-i-ko'nin), a. Same as heliconoid. 
Heliconius (hel-i-ko'iii-us), n. [NL., < L. Heli- 
conius, of Helicon: see Heliconian.] The typi- 
cal genus of the subfamily Selieoniiute. Also 
Heliconia. 
heliconoid (hel-i-ko'noid), a. [< Helicon-ius + 
-oid.] Resembling or related to butterflies of 
the genus Heliconius; belonging to the Heli- 
coniince. 
The Immense variety of the Heliconoid butterflies. 
Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XIII. 365. 
helicosophyt (hel-i-kos'o-fi), n. [< Gr. e 
a spiral (see helix), + aoifiia, wisdom. Cf. philos- 
ophy. ] The geometry of spiral curves. 
Helicosop/tie It an arte mathematicall which demon- 
strateth the designing of all spirall lines in plain or cyl- 
inder, cone, sphere, conoid, and sphearoid, and their prop- 
erties appertaining. Dee, Pref. to Euclid (1570). 
helicotrema(hel"i-ko-tre'ma), n. ; pi. helicotre- 
mata (-ma-ta). [NL.', < Gr. e/t<f (MM-)I a spiral 
(see helix), "+ rp^/ja, a hole.] In anat., the 
opening at the summit of the cochlea where 
the scala vestibuli and scala tympani com- 
municate. 
Helictereae (hel-ik-te're-e), n. pi. [NL., < 
Helicteres + -f(e.] A tribe of dicotyledonous 
polypetalous plants, of the natural order Ster- 
culiacece, distinguished by its hermaphrodite 
flowers, with 5 deciduous petals, and generally 
from 5 to 15 anthers on a column. The tribe em- 
braces about 6 genera of trees and shrubs, natives of the 
tropical regions of both hemispheres. 
Helicteres (hel-ik-te'rez), n. [NL. (Linnaeus, 
1737) (so named with ref. to the twisted car- 
pels), < Gr. e/.turf/p, anything twisted or spiral, 
as an armlet, an ear-ring, etc., < eAiaaetv, turn 
round or about, twist : see helix.] A genus of 
plants, belonging to the tribe Helictereai. They 
are trees and shrubs covered with branching or stellate 
down, with simple heart-shaped leaves, and axillary flow- 
ers, generally in clusters. The stamens are united into a 
column, bearing the anthers at the top. The fruit is com- 
posed of 5 carpels twisted together. The genus comprises 
more than 40 species, inhabiting the warmer regions of 
both hemispheres. H. Isora of India and H. Jamaicenttis 
of the West Indies are the best-known species, both of 
which are called screw-tree. The fruit is called twitted- 
stick, twMed-horn, or twwtt/, and is supposed by the na- 
tives of India to be a remedy for colic. 
Helictidinse (he-lik-ti-di'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Helictis (-id-) + -inw.] A subfamily of car- 
nivorous quadrupeds, of the family Mustelidce, 
typified by the genus Helictis. The auditory bull* 
are elongated and closely applied to the paroccipitals, the 
palate is moderately emarginate, the back upper molar is 
transverse with a narrow inner ledge, and the sectorial 
tooth has two inner cusps. 
Helictis (he-lik'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. (prob.) e^of, 
marsh, + IKTIC, a kind of weasel.] The typical 
genus of the family Hustelida, the type of a 
subfamily Helictidinie, containing such species 
as the Chinese H. moschata and the Indian H. 
helingt, An obsolete form of healing 1 *. 
Heliocarpus (he"li-o-kar'pus), n. [NL. (Lin- 
nseus, 1753), < Gr. )??.;of, the sun, + Kapiros, fruit.] 
A genus of dicotyledonous polypetalous plants, 
belonging to the natural order Malvacete, tribe 
Grewie(E. It is chiefly characterized by its compressed 
2-valved capsule, which is ciliated round the margin with 
a row of radiating bristles. The genus embraces some 
4 or 5 species of trees or shrubs with 3-lobed serrate leaves, 
and small flowers in cymules which are arranged in a ter- 
minal panicle. They are natives of tropical America. The 
resemblance of the fruits to little suns is expressed in the 
generic name as well as in the popular name, sun-fruit, 
by which these plants are known. 
heliocentric (he"li-o-sen'trik), a. [< Gr. ip.ioc., 
the sun, + Kevrpw, center.] In astron., referred 
to the sun as a center; appearing as if seen 
from the sun's center. The heliocentric place of a 
planet is the place it would occupy in the celestial sphere 
if viewed from the center of the sun. The heliocentric 
latitude of a planet is the inclination of a line drawn be- 
tween the center of the sun and the center of the planet 
to the plane of the ecliptic. The heliocentric longitude 
2776 
of a planet is the angle at the sun's center between the 
plane of the ecliptic and the line drawn from the sun to 
the planet. 
Copernicus had satisfied himself of the truth of the 
Heliocentric Theory, according to which the planets, and 
the earth as one of them, revolve round the sun as the 
centre of their motions. Wheicell. 
heliocentrical (he"li-o-sen'tri-kal), a. [< helio- 
centric + -al.] Same as heliocentric. 
heliocentricity (he"li-o-sen-tris'i-ti), M. [< he- 
liocentric + -ity.] The state or condition of 
being heliocentric ; relation to the sun as a 
center. 
Until the Copemicans have convinced the Ptolemaists, 
our readers may as well refuse to acknowledge the Julio- 
centricity of things. N. A. Rev., CXXVI. 183. 
heliochromic (he'li-o-kro'mik), a. [< helio- 
chromy + -ic.~\ Perta'ining to, used in, or pro- 
duced by heliochromy. 
Yellow is found very difficult to transfer to the helio- 
chromic plate at the same time with other colors. 
Silver Sunbeam, p. 22. 
heliochromotype (he"li-o-kr6'mo-tip), . [< 
Gr. ij'Aios, the sun, + xpufia, color, + rvvof, im- 
pression. ] A photograph which reproduces the 
natural colors of the object. Such photographs 
have not yet (1889) been obtained in permanent form by 
any direct process. 
heliochromy (he-li-ok'ro-mi), . [As 'helio- 
chrotne (< Gr. j?/iof, the sun, + xP<->/ ut .> color) + 
-y 3 .] In photog., the art of producing photo- 
graphs in the natural colors. 
heliochrysin (he-li-o-kri'sin), n. [< Gr. ^of, 
the sun, + jpwKir, gold, + -j2.] A coal-tar 
color used in dyeing. It is the sodium salt of tetra- 
nitro-naphthol. It dyes fine orange shades on wool and 
silk, but is not fast to light, and is of little technical im- 
portance. Also called ttun-gold. 
heliocomete (he*li-o-kom'et), M. [< Gr. t/?.ios, 
the sun, + Ko/tifn/f, a comet: see comet.] An ap- 
pearance of a tail of light attached to the sun 
and visible after its setting. 
heliod (he'li-6d), n. [< Gr. r/?./oc, the sun, + 
E. od, q. v.] The supposed odic force of the 
sun. Von Reichenbach. 
helio-electric (heli-6-e-lek'trik), a. [< Gr. 
///Uof, the sun, + E. electric.] Pertaining to 
terrestrial electrical phenomena as caused \tf 
the sun. 
The helio-electric theory of the perturbations of terres- 
trial magnetism. Nature, XXX. 47. 
helio-engraving (he // li-6-en-gra'ving), n. [< 
Gr. iiAtof, the sun, + E. engraving.] Same as 
heliogravure. 
The helio-engraving by etching was brought to a high 
degree of completion by Klic, of Vienna, in 1883. 
Sci. Amer., N. S., LV. 49. 
heliograph (he'li-o-graf), . [< Gr. iy/.<or, the 
sun, + ypd<t>e/v, write.] 1. A heliotrope; espe- 
cially, a movable mirror used in signaling, 
surveying, etc., to flash a beam of light to a 
distance. In signaling the flashes are caused to follow 
one another in accordance with a signal-code. The mirror 
is mounted on a tripod, and has a part of the silvering re- 
moved from the back at the center. Two sights are pro- 
vided in front with a screen. The tripod is set up, and 
a distant station is sighted through the hole in the mir- 
ror. The beam of light is then directed through both 
sights, and is seen at the distant station. By means of the 
.Morse key, which causes the mirror to move through a 
limited arc, telegraphic signals can be flashed to a dis- 
tance of many miles. 
2. In photog.: (a) An instrument for taking 
photographs of the sun. (b) A picture taken 
by heliography ; a photograph. 
heliograph (he'li-o-graf), v. t. [< heliograph, 
n.] 1. To communicate or signal by means 
of a heliograph. 
There were all the means of heliographing at Korti. 
Athenaeum, Jan. 7, 1888, p. 10. 
2. To photograph. 
When the cloth tracings have to be helwgraphed, raw 
sienna is also added to the ink. 
Workshop Receipts, 2d ser., p. 192. 
heliographer (he - li - og ' ra - fer), n. One who 
practises heliography. 
heliographic (he'li-o-graf 'ik), a. [< heliograph, 
heliography, + -ic.] ' 1. Of or pertaining to the 
heliograph. 2. Of or pertaining to heliogra- 
phy, in any sense of that word Heliographic 
engraving, an early photo-engraving process invented by 
.Niepce de St. Victor. A metallic plate was coated with 
bitumen and placed beneath and in contact with a line- 
engraving, and exposed to light. By the combined action 
of light and the oxygen of the air the parts of the bitu- 
men between the lines of the engraving were rendered in- 
soluble to the ordinary solvent, which would, however, 
act upon the unchanged parts beneath the lines, dissolv- 
ing them, and laying bare the metal, which could then be 
etched with acid, freed from its bituminous covering, and 
used in printing. See etching, photo-engraving. Hello- 
graphic latitude and longitude, coordinates of points 
on the sun referred to the axis of revolution of that lumi- 
nary and to the node of its equator upon the ecliptic. 
Heliophila 
heliographical (he''H-o-graf'i-kal), a. [< helio- 
graphic + -al.] Same as heliographic. 
The period of rotation seems ... to vary somewhat in 
different years even for [solar] spots in the same helio- 
graphical latitude. Sewconib and Holden, Astron., p. 290. 
heliography (he-li-og'ra-fi), . [< Gr. rfhnc,, 
the sun, + -ypafyia, < j'pdfaw, write.] 1. A 
method of signaling between distant points by 
means of the heliograph. 2. In general, pho- 
tography ; specifically, some special photo- 
graphic process ; photographic engraving. See 
the extract, and heliographic engraving, under 
heliographic. 
Niepce, in his experiments, discarded the use of the sil- 
ver salts, and substituted in their place a resinous sub- 
stance denominated the "Bitumen of Judsea." He named 
his process Heliography, or "Sun -drawing." 
Silver Sunbeam, p. 14. 
3. The description and mapping of the surface 
of the sun. 
heliogravure (he"li-o-gra'vur or ha"li-o-gra- 
viir'), . [< F. heliogravure, ( Gr. ijZiof, the sun, 
+ F. gravure, engraving.] Photo-engraving, 
or a print obtained by this process ; strictly, a 
photo-engraved metal plate. See heliotypy and 
photo-engraving. Also called helio-engraving. 
helioid (he'li-oid), a. [< Gr. #>.>%, like the 
sun, < ij/tiof, the sun, + eliof, form.] Resem- 
bling the sun. 
heliolater (he-li-ol'a-ter), n. [< heliolat^ry + 
-</!.] A worshiper' of the sun. 
heliolatrous (he-li-pl'a-trus), a. [< heliolatr-y 
+ -ous.] Worshiping the sun. 
heliolatry (he-li-ol'a-tri), n. [< Gr. rfhaf., the 
sun, + /.arptia, worship.] The worship of the 
sun. See sun-worship. 
heliolite (he'li-o-lit), n. [< Gr. ij/iof, the sun, 
+ ?./0of, a stone!] Same as sunttone. 
heliology (he-li-ol'o-ji), . [< Gr. #l>f, the 
sun, + -/oji'a, < Myttv, speak: see -ology.] The 
science of the sun. 
It would be useful to write a paper on the evolution of 
sunrayism, or perhaps of heliology, and to show how the 
ideas of a sun as a fountain of light and heat and chemical 
force arose. Spectator, April 24, 1888, p. 545. 
heliometer (he-li-om'e-ter), n. [< Gr. fyioc., 
the sun, + fierpov, a measure.] An astronom- 
ical instrument, consisting of a telescope hav- 
ing its objective sawed across in a plane pass- 
ing through the optical axis, and each part ar- 
ranged to move by sliding past the other, its 
exact position being shown by a micrometer- 
screw. Each half of the objective forms its own image 
of a star, this image moving with the half -objective which 
forms it. Thus, the image of one star, formed by one half 
of the objective, can be brought into coincidence with the 
image of another, formed by the other half, and by means 
of the micrometer the distance apart of the half -lenses, and 
consequently the angular distance of the two stare, can 
be very accurately measured, while the position-angle 
is determined by the direction of the line of separation 
of the semi lenses. This instrument is much employed 
in investigations into the parallax of the fixed stars, as 
well as for other purposes. As its name implies, it was 
originally devised for measuring the diameter of the 
sun. 
heliometric (he"li-o-met'rik), a. [As heliome- 
ter + -ic.] Pertaining to or ascertained or made 
by means of the heho.meter; also, relating to 
measurements of the sun. 
The publication of the photographic and heliometric 
results is waited for with much interest. 
Pop. Sci. Mo., XXX. 25. 
heliometrical (he'li-o-met'ri-kal), ,a. [< hello- 
metric + -al.] Same as heliometric. 
heliometrically (he"li-o-met'ri-kal-i), adv. By 
means of the heliometer; by the heliometric 
method. 
heliophag (he'li-o-fag), n. [As heliophag-ons.] 
In biol., any heliophagous part or substance of 
an animal, as a pigment-cell. [Bare.] 
But in animals it is probable that the pigment granules 
are only the receivers of energy the heliophagtt, as we 
shall call them. Micron. Science, XXVIL 287. 
heliophagous (he-li-of'a-gus), a. [< Gr. fpiof, 
the sun. + ^aytiv, eat, devour, + -uus.] Beceiv- 
ing and absorbing the energy of sunlight, or 
solar heat, in some special (chemical) manner. 
The chlorophyl of plants and the pigment-cells 
of animals are heliophagous. [Bare.] 
The concentration of light is stated to be the condition 
essential for the most perfect heliophagoui organ. 
Micro*. Science, XXVII. 290. 
Heliophila (he-li-of'i-la), H. [NL., < Gr. 
the sun, + ^j'/lof, loving.] A genus of plants, of 
the natural order Crtieiferte, tribe Sisymbryea;, 
founded by Linnasus and consisting of about 
4 species of South African herbs or shrubs with 
alternate leaves, racemes of white, pink, or blue 
