Heliophila 
flowers having the sepals equal at the base, 
and pendulous or deflexed pods. This and the 
closely allied genus Chatnira were erected into a tribe 
(Heliophilea') by the elder De Candolle, on account of 
their transversely folded cotyledons. 
Heliophileae (he"li-6-fil'o-e), . pi [NL. (A. 
P. de Candolle, 1821). < Heliopliila + -co;.'] A 
tribe of cruciferous plants, of which Helinjiliiln 
is the typical genus. 
Helipphilida (he"li-6-fil'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Heliophila + -ida\] In Lindley's system (1845), 
a tribe of plants, of the order Brassicacece, ein- 
bracing the genera Heliophila and Chamira,no\v 
included in the tribe Sisymoryew of the natural 
order Cruvifi rn . 
heliophilous (he-li-of 'i-lus), a. [< Gr. rftjaf, the 
sun, + (pi'Aof, loving, + -os.] Fond of the sun ; 
attracted by or becoming most active in sun- 
light. 
heliophobic (he"li-o-fo'bik), a. [< Gr. rfrm;, 
the sun, + jofklofat, fear.] Fearing or shun- 
ning sunlight. 
A heliophobic spore may often find enough of shade 
among the rhizoids of other pre-existing weeds, ... so 
that finally a round exposed protuberance may be entirely 
covered with algec whose spores are negatively heliotropic. 
Trans. Boy. Soc. Edinburgh, XXXII. 598. 
Heliopora (he"li-o-po'ra), H. [NL., < Gr. >?/.;oc, 
the sun, -f- nopof', tufa, a stalactite, etc.] The 
typical genus of Helioporida;. De Blainmlle, 
1830. 
Heliopora seems to differ from all the other Alcyonari- 
ans except Corallium. H. N. Moseley. 
heliopore (he'li-o-por), a. and n. I. 17. Of or 
pertaining to the Helioporidie ; helioporidian. 
II. n. A sun-coral ; a member of the genus 
Heliopora or family HcKoporidce. 
Helioporidae (he"li-o-por'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Heliopora + -idte.] Afamilyof coralsof disputed 
affinities; the sun-corals. By some they are placed 
with the millepores (Hydrocorallinte), by others referred 
to the gorgonians (Alcyoiiaria.) and placed near the com- 
mon red coral of commerce. 
Helioporinse (he"li-o-po-ri'ne), n. pi. The sun- 
corals as a subfamily of MilleporidtB. J. I). 
Dana, 1846. 
Helippsidese (heli-op-sid'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < 
Heliopsis (-id-) + -ete.] A division of the nat- 
ural order Composite;, made by Cassini, with 
Heliopsis as the typical genus. 
Heliopsis (he-li-op'sis), . [NL. (Persoon, 
1807), < Gr. ifiiof, the sun, + 6ipif, likeness.] A 
genus of plants, of the natural order Composite 
and tribe Heliantlioide<e, distinguished by its lig- 
ulate fertile rays, hermaphrodite disk-flowers, 
and chaffy conical receptacle without pappus. 
The plants are mostly perennial herbs, with showy yellow 
flowers, pedunculate heads, and ovate, petioled, opposite 
leaves. The genus comprises about 7 species, inhabiting 
North and South America. H. Icems, common in the eastern 
United States, resembles Helianthus, and is called oxeije. 
Heliornis (he-li-6r'nis), n. [NL., < Gr. rjhof. 
the sun, + opvtf, a bird.] 1. In ornith.: (a) 
A genus of lobiped birds, typical of the family 
Heliornithidce ; the South American sun-birds. 
There is but one species, H. sitrinnmensis or H. 
2777 
glasses blackened by smoke, or with mirrors 
formed simply of surfaces of transparent glass, 
which reflect but a small proportion of light. 
helioscopic (he"li-o-skop'ik), a. [< helioscope 
+ -ic.] Pertaining to or made by means of a 
helioscope: as, helioscope observations. 
heliosis (he-li-6'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. fyiovaBai, 
live in the sun, be exposed to the sun, < ij'Aiot;, 
the sun.] 1. In bot., the production of burned 
patches or spots on leaves by the concentration 
of the rays of the sun through inequalities of 
the glass of conservatories, or through drops of 
water resting on the leaves. In the latter case the 
destruction is not as complete as in the former, the 
chlorophyl being merely altered, not destroyed. These 
spots furnish a suitable habitation for many minute fungi, 
which are often regarded as the cause of them. 
2. In med. : (a) Treatment of disease in certain 
cases by exposure to the rays of the sun. (6) 
Sunstroke. 
heliospherical (he"li-o-sfer'i-kal), a. [< Gr. 
ij?M)f, the sun, + oftupucdf, spherical: see spheric, 
spherical.] Hound as the sun. 
heliostat (he'li-o-stat), n. [< Gr. tjAtof, the sun, 
+ arar6f, fixed, < lardvat, set up, stand: see 
static."} An instrument consisting of a mirror 
Heliostat. M, mirror. 
carried by clockwork in such a way as to reflect 
the sun's rays in a fixed direction. The name 
is also improperly applied to a porte-lumiere. 
heliothid (he-li-oth'id), a. and n. I. a. Per- 
taining to or having the characters of the Helio- 
thidai. 
Even Agrotis takes a distinct heliothid tendency in the 
tuberculate front and heavily armed fore-tibia of the west- 
ern species. Science, IV. 44. 
II. n. One of the Heliothidai. 
Heliqthidse (he-li-oth'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < He- 
liothis + -idee.'] A family of noctuid moths, 
typified by the genus Heliothis. Also written 
Heliothides and Heliothidi. 
Heliothis (he-li-6'this), . [NL. (Ochsenhei- 
mer, 1816), prob. for "Heliotis, < Gr. )/Uwivf, 
prop, adj., fern, of tfii&Tr/s, of the sun, but used 
as a noun, the moon, < i)f.ux;, the sun.] A genus 
of noctuid moths, giving name to the family 
Heliothidtc. The antennte are pubescent, the thorax 
and abdomen smooth and not tufted, and the fore wings 
slightly angulated. The best-known species is H. arini- 
gera, which is widely distributed in both the old and the 
new world. It is usually of a pale clay-color, with the 
Sun-bird or Sun-grebe (Heliornis fitlica}. 
fitlica. Bonnaterre, 1790. Porfpa (Illiger, 1811) 
is the same. (6) A genus of birds, of the fam- 
ily Eurypygidce ; the sun-bitterns. Also called 
Helios. J. F. Boie, 1826. 2. Ineio(.,agenus 
of lepidopterous insects. Dolman, 1820. 
Heliornithidae (he"K-m--nith'i-de), n. pi. [NL.. 
< Heliornis (-ornith-) + -idce.~\ A family of birds 
of uncertain position, typified by the genus He- 
liornis : the sun-birds, sun-grebes, coot-grebes, 
or finfoots. They are characterized by pinniped or lo- 
bate feet like those of grebes or coots, a fan-shaped tail of 
18 feathers, plumage not aftershaf ted, and a long slim neck 
with a small head. 
helioscope (he'li-o-skop), . [< Gr. fft.ioaK.mLoi;, 
looking to the sun, < i??.<of, the sun, + mcmtiv, 
view.] A form of telescope fitted for viewing 
the sun without pain or injury to the eyes, as 
an instrument made with colored glasses or 
Heliothis armigera. 
, *, egg, side ami top views; (-.caterpillar; rf, chrysalis in earthen 
cocoon ; c, f, moth with wings expanded and closed. ( All of natural 
size.) 
heliotropism 
fore wings variegated with pale-olive and dark-rufous, a 
dark spot in the middle of the wing being especially con- 
spicuous. The larva, known as the boll-worm and com- 
www, is very variable in color, but is always marked with 
longitudinal dark and light lines and covered with black 
setigerous spots. It is especially injurious to the fruit of 
cotton, maize, and the tomato. H. ma.rgino.ta is known 
as the bordered sallow. 
heliotrope (he'li-o-trop), n. [Also heliotropion, 
q. v. ; = F. heliotrope = Sp. Pg. heliotropio = It. 
eliotropio, < L. heliotropium, < Gr. qhiorpomov, a 
sun-dial, also a plant, the heliotrope, turnsol 
(in this sense also %'Atarp6irof, and so called be- 
cause the flowers were supposed to turn toward 
the sun, or because they appear at the summer 
solstice), also a green stone streaked with red, 
< ijl-ux;, the sun, + Tpeweiv, turn, rpmri, a turn- 
ing.] If. In astron., an instrument for showing 
when the sun arrives at the solstitial points. 
An obelisk in a garden or park might be both an embel- 
lishment and a heliotrope. 
Gilbert White, Nat. Hist, of Selborne, xliv. 
2. A mirror arranged with a telescope and 
sights so as to flash a reflection of the sun to 
a great distance. The instrument is used in 
geodetic triangulation to mark a station. See 
heliograph, 1. 
Luminous signals argand lamps by night and helio- 
tropes by day are exclusively used in [the Great Survey 
ofj India. Clarke, Geodesy, p. 33. 
3. A plant of the genus Heliotropium, of the 
natural order Boraginacea;. The species are herbs 
or shrubs, mostly natives of the warmer parts of the 
world. They have alternate leaves and small purplish or 
lilac flowers usually disposed in scorpioid cymes. One 
species, //. Europceum, is a common European weed. H. 
ferumanum, the Peruvian heliotrope, has long been a 
favorite garden-plant, on account of the fragrance of its 
flowers. The name has also been given to a composite 
plant Also called turnsol. 
'Tis an observation of flatterers that they are like the he- 
liotrope ; they open only toward the sun, but shut and con- 
tract themselves ... in cloudy weather. 
Government of the Tongue. 
The roses, the mignonette, the heliotropes, all combined 
their fragrance to refresh the air. 
T. Hook, Gilbert Gurney. 
4. The bluish-purple or pinkish-lilac color of 
some flowers of the heliotrope. 5. Amineral, 
a subspecies of quartz, of a deep-green color, 
peculiarly pleasant to the eye. It is usually varie- 
gated with blood-red or yellowish dots of jasper, and is 
more or less translucent. Also called blood-stone. False 
heliotrope, Toumefortia heliotropoidet. See Tournefor- 
tia. Indian heliotrope, Heliotropium Indiaim. Win- 
ter | heliotrope, Petamtesfragians, a composite plant. 
heliotroper (he'li-o-tro-per), n. A person em- 
ployed to manipulate a heliotrope or heliograph. 
Heliotropera were also employed at the observing sta- 
tions to flash instructions to the signallers. 
Lncyc. Brit., XXII. 698. 
heliotropic (he"li-o-trop'ik), a. [As helio- 
trop-y + -ie.~\ Turning or tending to turn to- 
ward the sun ; specifically, of, pertaining to, 
or characterized by heliotropism. 
heliotropical (he"li-o-trop'i-kal), a. [< helio- 
tropic + -al.'] Same' as heliotropic. 
heliotropically (he"li-o-trop'i-kal-i), adv. In 
a heliotropic manner ; by or with heliotropism. 
Darwin. 
Heliotropieae (he"li-o-tro-pl'e-e), n. pi. [NL., 
< Heliotropium + -ece.] A tribe of dicotyle- 
donous gamopetalous plants, of the. natural 
order Boraginacea!, distinguished mainly by the 
style, which is generally entire, with the stigma 
forming a complete ring round the top. The 
tribe comprises about 250 species of herbs, trees, and 
shrubs, comprised under a few genera, inhabiting the 
warm and temperate regions of both hemispheres. It in- 
cludes Heliotropium as the type, and related genera. 
heliotropiont, . [< Gr. ift.impo-Kiov: see helio- 
trope.] The plant heliotrope ; the turnsol. 
Apollo's heliotropion then shall stoop, 
And Venus' hyacinth shall vail her top. 
Greene, Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. 
heliotropism (he-li-ot'ro-pizm), n. [As helio- 
trop-y + -ism.] In bot., the tendency of grow- 
ing organs to bend toward or in some cases 
away from the light, due in the former case to 
the retarding influence exerted by the light 
upon their growth on the side of the highest il- 
lumination. Thus the stems of plants that are grown 
in a window, or under other conditions in which light 
falls laterally upon them, curve toward the light ; and if 
their position is reversed, they soon turn again toward 
the side of greatest illumination. The leaves arrange 
themselves so that the rays of light fall as nearly as pos- 
sible perpendicularly upon their upper surfaces, and the 
stem curves so as to direct its apex toward the source of 
light. Organs which behave in this way are said to be af- 
fected by positive heliotropism or to be simply heliotropic. 
On the other hand, certain organs upon which light also 
falls laterally curve in an opposite direction that is, the 
apex is turned away from the source of light. Organs ex- 
hibiting this kind of curvature are said to be negatively 
heliotropic or apheliotropic. This condition is most fre- 
