Hellenist 
Hellemze.l 1. One who is partly Greek; one 
who has Greek affinities, or who adopts the 
Greek language, manners, and customs ; specifi- 
cally, a Jew who used the Greek language and 
conformed more or less to Greek influence in 
the early period of Christianity, both in Pales- 
tine and in foreign countries, especially Egypt. 
These Jews understood Greek, and used the Greek 
Bible, and therefore are called Hellenists. 
Hammond, On Acts vi. 1. 
Luke, the physician and Hellenist. 
Schaf, Christ and Christianity, p. 82. 
2. One skilled in the Greek language and liter- 
ature; a Greek scholar; a Grecian. 
Kichard Bentley, the Master of Trinity College, and the 
greatest Hellenist of his age. 
W. Mathews, Getting on in the World, p. 250. 
3. A promoter of Greek culture; specifically, 
one of the learned Greeks who, after the fall of 
Constantinople in 1453, disseminated the know- 
ledge of the Greek language and literature in 
Italy, and were among the chief agents of the 
revival of learning. 
Hellenistic (hel-e-nis'tik), a. [< Hellenist + 
-i'c.] 1. Resembling or partaking of Hellenic 
character, but not truly Hellenic; combining 
Greek and foreign characteristics or elements, 
as many of the later Greeks and the Hellenized 
neighboring peoples, or the modified Greek lan- 
guage, thought, etc., current among them. 
The civilization resulting from these political changes 
[after the time of Alexander] showed a decline from the 
pure Greek or Hellenic model, and is called Hellenistic. 
The Century, XXV. 87, note. 
The religious conceptions and philosophy of the Hel- 
lenistic Jews. Bioliotheca Sacra, XLV. 173. 
2. Particularly, in sculpture and painting, char- 
acteristic of the school of Greek art based on the 
art of Lysippus, 
the court sculp- 
tor of Alexander 
the Great, which 
may or may not 
be considered to 
include the work 
of Lysippus him- 
self. It lasted from 
about 330 B. c. until 
the Roman suprem- 
acy in Greece, and 
may be extended to 
include all the work 
done for the Ro- 
mans by Greek ar- 
tists, or in the Greek 
manner and follow- 
ing Greek models, 
as late as the early 
empire. Hellenistic 
art is characterized 
in general by a re- 
search of effect (pos- 
ing), by a decided 
leaning toward the 
colossal, and by 
great skill and clev- 
erness in design and execution ; but it lacks originality, 
and seeks to copy the types and methods of the Hellenic 
epoch rather than to find inspiration in original concep- 
tions and contemporary aims. Hellenistic dialect, a 
local dialect of ancient Greek in the period after Alex- 
HELLER 
Hfl NAU; 
SCH-EIDE 
. MUNI"/.. 
Obverse. Reverse. 
Heller of Count William VIII. of Hanau. 
British Museum. ( Size of the original.) 
Hellenistic Sculpture. The Apollo Belve- 
dere, Vatican Museum, Rome. 
ander the Great, spoken by a population not Greek in 
origin ; especially, the dialect used by Greek-speaking 
Jews, and called also the Alexandrine dialect, found in 
the Septuagint, and in a less marked form in the New 
Testament : opposed to the common or Hellenic dialect. 
The formation of a Hellenistic dialect, largely inter- 
mixed with Semitic idioms. J. Hadley, Essays, p. 413. 
Hellenistical (hel-e-nis'ti-kal), a. [< Hellenis- 
tic + -al.] Same as Hellenistic. 
Into the importance of the Hellenist teal dialect he had 
made the exactest search. Bp. Fell, Hammond, 8 1. 
Hellenistically (hel-e-nis'ti-kal-i), adv. In the 
Hellenistic manner. 
It may bear the same signification helleniiticallyin this 
place. J. Gregory, Notes on Passages in Scripture, p. 60. 
Hellenization (hel"en-i-za'shqn), n. [< Hel- 
lenize + -ation.~\ The act of" Hellenizing, or 
the state of being imbued with Greek ideas or 
methods. Also spelled Hellenisation. 
The establishment and gradual hellenization of Christi- 
anity as a system of doctrine. 
BiUiotheca Sacra, XLV. 172. 
The Hellenization of that country [Egypt] under the 
Ptolemies. Isaac Taylor, The Alphabet, II. 160. 
Hellenize (hel'en-Iz), v. ; pret. and pp. Hellen- 
ized, ppr. Hellenizing. [< Gr. 'ftXfapiKfiv, speak 
Greek, tr. make Greek, < ''EMirvef, the Greeks, 
"EUyv, a Greek: see Hellene."] I. trans. To make 
Hellenic or Hellenistic; cause to conform to 
Greek standards in any particular. 
The only strange god to be seen is Ammon, who had 
been long Hellenised already. 
C. 0. Miiller, Manual of Archieol. (trans.), 145. 
2780 
It is still a question whether the Macedonians should 
be regarded as barbarized Hellenes, or Hellenized bar- 
barians; a coalition of both elements may be inferred 
from their earliest traditions. 
Po Kanke, Univ. Hist, (trans.), p. 368. 
The Greeks . . . endeavored to strengthen their posi- 
tion by Hellenizing . . . the Bulgarian population of Tur- 
key from the source of the Greek Church. 
J. Baker, Turkey, p. 73. 
U. intrans. 1. To conform to Greek stan- 
dards orusages. 2. To use the Greek language. 
[Rare.] 3. To exhibit a tendency to Hellen- 
ism ; cultivate Hellenism as an ideal of think- 
ing and conduct. See Hellenism, 2. 
The development of our Hellenising instincts, seeking 
ardently the intelligible law of things, and makinga stream 
of fresh thought play freely about our stock notions and 
habits, is what is most wanted by us at present. 
M. Arnold, Culture and Anarchy, v. 
Also spelled Hellenise. 
Hellenizer (hel'en-i-zer), . One who makes 
Hellenic ; one who or that which exerts a Hel- 
lenic or Hellenizing influence. 
hellenotype (he-len'o-tip), . A picture com- 
posed of two finished photographs, of which one 
is very light, made translucent by means of 
varnish, tinted on the back, and placed over 
the second and stronger print, thus producing 
a combination of effects. Also called hallo- 
type. Silver Sunbeam. 
heller (hel'er), n. [G., also halter, Italler (NL. 
hallenaix), < Hull, a town in Swabia, where the 
coin was ori- 
ginally is- 
sued.] A 
small coin 
formerly cur- 
rent in Ger- 
many, struck 
in silver and 
in copper, 
and worth 
about a far- 
thing. 
Hellespontine (hel'es-pon-tin), a. [< L. Hel- 
lespontus, < Gr. 'E/./.iia~ ovrof, i. e., "H/xj/f Trdirof, 
Helle's sea : 'HWj/f, gen. of "E)./.r/, Helle, daugh- 
ter of Athamas, said to have been drowned in 
this strait ; TroVrof, sea.] Pertaining to the Hel- 
lespont, a narrow strait between Europe and 
Asia, now called the Dardanelles, connecting 
the JEgean sea with the Sea of Marmora. 
hell-fire (hel'fir'), n. [< ME. hellefir, hellefur, < 
AS. helle-fyr, helle fyr (= OHG. hcllajiur, MHG. 
helleriur, G. hollenfeuer), < hell, gen. helle, hell, 
+ fyr, fire.] The fire of hell ; internal torment. 
Devils were not ordained of God for hell-fire, but hell- 
fire for them ; and for men, so far forth as it was foreseen 
that men would be like them. 
Hooter, Eccles. Polity, v., App. 1. 
I never see thy face but I think upon hell-fire, and Dives 
that lived in purple ; lor there he is in his robes, burning, 
burning. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iii. 3. 
hell-gate (hel'gaf), n. [< ME. belle gate, < AS. 
hellegat for "hellegeat, helle geat, < hell, gen. helle, 
+ geat, gate.] The portal or entrance into hell. 
I-blessed be trenthe, that so brak helle-gates, 
And saued the Sarasyn Iram Sathanas and his power. 
Piers Plowman (B), xi. 158. 
The snaky sorceress that sat 
Fast by hell gate, and kept the fatal key. 
Milton, P. L., ii. 725. 
hellgrammite, helgramite (hel'gra-mit), n. 
The larva of a sialid neuropterous insect, Cory- 
dalus cornutus. It is a favorite bait for the black-bass. 
Also known locally in the United States by a great variety 
of popular names, suggested by its appearance or habits. 
They are much sought after as flsh-bait, having a very 
tough integument, so that one larva serves to catch several 
fish ; and they are called by fishermen crawlers, dobsons, 
and . . . hellgrammites. Stand. Nat. Hist., II. 156. 
hellgrammite-fly (hergra-mit-fli), n. The 
adult Corydalus cornutus. J. H. Comstock. 
hell-hag (hel'hag), n. A malicious, evil-minded 
old woman. 
A corroding disease it [envy] is ; an hel-hag that feeds 
upon its own marrow, bones, and strongest parts. 
Bp. Richardson, Observations on the Old Testament) p. 281. 
hell-hated (hel'ha"ted), a. Abhorred as hell. 
Back do I toss these treasons to thy head ; 
With the hell-hated lie o'erwhelra thy heart. 
Shak., Lear, v. 3. 
hell-haunted (hel' him* ted), a. Haunted by 
evil spirits. 
Fierce Osmond clos'd me in the bleeding bark, 
And bid me stand expos'd to the bleak winds, 
Bound to the fate of this hell-haunted grove. 
Dryden. 
hell-hound (hel'hound), n. [< ME. hellehound, 
helkhund, < AS. hellehund, helle hmid (= D. hel- 
hond = MHG. hellehunt, G. hollenhwnd), < hell, 
helly 
gen. helle, hell, + htind, hound.] Adogof hell; 
an agent of hell; a hellish person. 
Thou hadst a Clarence too, and Richard kill d him. . . . 
A hell-hound, that doth hunt us all to death. 
Shak., Rich. HI., iv. 4. 
You fiend-apparent, you ! you declared hfll-hound! 
B. Jonsoii, Devil is an Ass, ii. 1. 
hellicat (hel'i-kat), a. and n. [Sc., also hello- 
cat, accom. of hallolit, hallaclt'd, crazy, giddy, 
< *hallok, a., repr. by hallik, Jialoc, a giddy girl, 
+ -it= E. -ed*.] I. a. Light-headed; giddy; 
half-witted ; extravagant. 
I want to see what that hellicate quean Jenny Kinthe 
rout's doing. Sfott, Antiquary, xxxix. 
II. n. [With allusion to hell-cat.] A wicked 
or cruel creature. 
Let us but get puir Grace out o' that auld Hellicafs 
clutches. Scott, Black Dwarf, ix. 
hellier (hel'i-er), n. [Var. of hillier, ult. of 
healer^.} A roofer; a tiler or slater. [Prov. 
Eng.] 
In the West, he that covers a house with slates is called 
a heler or hellier. Ray. 
hellijay (hel'i-ja), n. The razor-billed auk, Alca 
(or L'tamania) torda. Montagu. Also hellejay. 
[Local, Eng.] 
hellish (hel'ish), a. [= D. helsch = MLG. hel- 
liseh, helsch = MHG. hellisch, G. hollisch; as hell 1 
+ -ish 1 .] Pertaining to hell; fit for or like 
hell; infernal; malignant; wicked. 
At length to hell, or to some hellish place, is he likelie 
to go. Aseham, The Scholemaster, p. 74. 
His nailis wes lyk ane hellis cruk,' 
Thairwith fyve quarteris lang. 
The Bludy Serk (Child's Ballads, VIII. 148). 
Victory and triumph to the Son of God, 
Now entering his great duel, not of arms, 
But to vanquish by wisdom hellish wiles ! 
Milton, P. R., L 175. 
hellishly (hel'ish-li), adr. In a hellish or ma- 
lignant manner; infernally; wickedly. 
That wicked plot [the gunpowder treason] was con- 
trived and managed with the greatest sworn secresy, made 
hellishly sacred and firm by solemn oaths. 
Bp, Barlow, Remains, p. 390. 
hellishness (hel'ish-nes), n. The qualities of 
hell ; extreme wickedness or malignity. 
Wounds, shrieks, and gaapings are his proud delight ; 
And he by hellishness his prowess scans. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, jd. 27. 
hell-kite (hel'kit), . A kite of hell ; a person 
of unsparing cruelty. 
All my pretty ones? 
Did you say all ? O, hell-kite ! All ? 
Shak., Macbeth, Iv. 3. 
hellnesst, . [Irreg. < hell 1 , n., + -nm.] Hel- 
lishness. 
There's not a king among ten thousand kings . . . 
But gildeth those that glorifle his folly, 
That sooth and smooth, and call his Hellness holy. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii, The Captalnes. 
hello (he-16'), interj. [Also written hullo, rarely 
hillo; var. forms of hallo, q. v.] An exclamation 
designed to attract the attention of a person 
at a distance; also, a mere greeting between 
persons meeting. As a greeting its use is confined to 
easy colloquial or vulgar speech. As a preliminary tele- 
phone call it is now (189) in very common use. 
"Hullo, Brown ! what's the matter, old fellow? ' 
T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Rugby, ii. 9. 
hell-rake (hel'rak), n. A large rake with long 
iron teeth. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
hell-waint (hel'wan), . A phantom wagon 
seen in the sky at night. 
They have so fraid us with bull-beggars, spirits, witches, 
urchins, . . . the man in the oke, the hell-waine, . . . 
and such other bugs, that we were afraid of our own 
shadowes. R. Scot, Discoverie of Witchcraft. (Dames.) 
The Mare, the Man-i'-th'-oak. the Hettwain. 
Middleton, The Witch, i. 2. 
hellward, hellwards (hel'wiird, -wardz), adv. 
[< hell 1 + -ward, -icards.'] Toward hell. 
We have not hastened to heaven-ward, but rather to 
J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 35. 
Trees that aloft with proudest honours rise, 
Root hell-ward, and thence flourish to the skies. 
Broine, To Mr. Fenton. 
hell-weedt (hel'wed), n. The dodder. 
After it has fastened upon a plant, it quits the root, and 
like a cohering parasite lives upon another's trencher, and 
first starves, and then kills its entertainer. For which 
reason irreligious clowns curse it by the name of Hell- 
weed and Devil's-guts. Threlteld, Stirpes H ibernicie (1727). 
hellyt (hel'i), o. [< hell 1 + -y 1 . Cf. AS. hellic, 
hellish, < hel, hell, hell, + -lie, E. -ly 1 .] Having 
the qualities of hell ; hellish. 
Such blasphemies they bray out of their helly hearts. 
Anderson, Exposition, fol. 48, b. 
