heteroptoton 
heteroptoton (het"e-rop-to'ton), <.; pi. hetcrop- 
tota (-ta). [< GT.' erepmniTof, differently de- 
clined, <! erepof, other, different,-!- irruaif, inflec- 
tion, case, < TrruTOf, verbal adj. of Tr/Trrov, fall.] 
In gram, and rhet., enallage of case ; antiptosis. 
heteropygian (het"e-ro-pij'i-au), . A fish of 
the group Heteropyijii ; an amblyopsid. 
Heteropygii (het"e-ro-pij'i-i), . Mi [NL., < 
Gr. eri'pof, other, different, + xvyti, rump.] A 
family of abdominal fishes, having the anus 
jugular, or under the throat: same as Amblyop- 
s/ild'. Miiller. In Oiinther's system of classification they 
are characterized by having the head naked, the body cov- 
ered with very small scales, the margin of the upper jaw 
formed by the intermaxillaries, villifomi teeth both in the 
jaws and on the palate, a dorsal fin belonging to the cau- 
dal portion of the spinal column and opposite the anal, 
ventral fins rudimentary or absent, and the vent situated 
before the pectorals. The group includes the blind-fish of 
the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky and several related spe- 
cies. See cut under Amblyopsie. 
Heterorhina (het*e-ro-ri'na), . [NL., < Gr. 
ETcpof, other, different, + fa (pt-v-), nose.] 1. 
A genus of cetonian scarabseoid beetles, hav- 
ing an extremely variable structure and ar- 
mature of the clypeus (whence the name), com- 
prising many As'iatic and African forms. Also 
written Heterorrhina. Westwood, 1842. 2. A 
genus of American wrens, of the family Troglo- 
dyticlce, having the bill notched at the end, oval 
nostrils with incomplete septum, and tail two 
thirds as long as the wings. There are several 
species, of Mexico and the regions southward. 
8. F. Baird, 1864. 
heterorhizal (het"e-ro-ri'zal), a. [< Gr. Irepof, 
other, different, + 7"'fa, root.] In bot., rooting 
from no fixed point, as do most cryptogams. 
[Rare.] 
heteroscian (het-e-rosh'i-an), n. and a. [< Gr. 
Irep6amo(;, throwing a shadow in opposite di- 
rections (at noon), < erepos, other, different, + 
aiud, a shadow : see antiscian, squirrel.] I. n. A 
person living on one side of the equator, as con- 
trasted with one living on the other side: so 
called from the fact that, except in the tropics, 
their shadows at noon always fall in opposite 
directions, the shadow in the northern zones 
toward the north, and that in the southern to- 
ward the south. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to portions of the 
earth's surface on opposite sides of the equa- 
tor, in which shadows fall in opposite direc- 
tions, or to one such portion as contrasted with 
another. 
heterosis (het-e-ro'sis), n. [< Gr. Mpuaif, var. 
of erepoitMif, < "srepoiovv, alter, make different, 
< Erepof, other, different.] In gram, and rhet., 
same as enallage. 
Heterosomata (het"e-ro-sd'ma-ta), n.pl. [NL., 
< Gr. erepos, other, different, + aafia, pi. ait^ara, 
body.] A suborder of teleocephalous ana- 
canthine fishes ; the flatfishes : so called from 
their lack of bilateral symmetry. The group is 
represented by the families Pleuronectidce, which con- 
tains such important food-fishes as the halibut, turbot, 
plaice, flounder, etc., and Soleidae or soles. In Bona- 
parte's and Cope's systems of classification, the Hetero- 
somata are ranked as an order of physoclistous fishes, 
with the ventral fins thoracic or jugular, and with the pos- 
terior cephalic region normal, but the anterior so twisted 
as to bring both orbits on one side of the head. 
heterosomatous (het"e-ro-som'a-tus), a. [As 
Heterosomata + -ous.] In ichth., having a 
body differing from the usual type, especially 
one that is bilaterally asymmetrical; specifi- 
cally, of or pertaining to the Heterosomata. 
Also heterosomous. 
heterosome (het'e-ro-som), n. One of the Hete- 
rosomata; a flatfish. 
heterosomous (het"e-ro-s6'mus), a. Same as 
Heterosporese (hef'e-ro-spo're-e), . pi. [NL., 
< Gr. tTEpof, other, different, + mr6pof, seed, + 
-ece.] A subdivision of the ferns, Equisetacea 
and Lycopodiacece, characterized by the produc- 
tion of two kinds of spores, maerospores and 
microspores. 
heterosporous (het-e-ros'po-rus), a. [< Gr. erc- 
pof, other, different, + cxopof, seed.] Having 
more than one kind of asexually produced 
spores: applied to the vascular cryptogams, 
which have macrospores (female spores) ho- 
mologous with the embryo-sac of phanerogams, 
and microspores or megaspores (male spores) 
homologous with the pollen-grains of phanero- 
gams. 
heterostatic (het"e-ro-stat'ik), a. [< Gr. erc- 
pof, other, different" + (in def. 1) ararmof, caus- 
ing to stand (o-rao-/f, a standing, position), or (in 
def. 2) fern. OTUTIK//, the art of weighing, < iaravai, 
2817 
cause to stand, etc., weigh: see static.] 1. 
Pertaining to three axes which can be drawn 
at every point of every elastic body such that, 
denoting them by the letters x, y, z, if a very 
small cube be cut out of the body with its edges 
parallel to those axes, and if the cube be twist- 
ed by a given amount round x, then a normal 
stress will be produced upon the faces to which 
x is normal equal to the tangential stress which 
would be produced round g by an equal amount 
of twisting round y. 2. Applied to instru- 
ments for measuring potential by electrostatic 
methods in which electrification other than that 
to be tested is made use of. 
Instruments in which the only electrification is that 
which we wish to test are called idiostatic. Those in 
which there is electrification independent of that to be 
tested are called heterostatic. Clerk Maxwell. 
heterostaural (het'e-ro-sta'ral), a. [< Gr. ere- 
por, other, different,"* 'aravpfa , a stake, cross.] 
In morphol., having an irregular polygon as the 
base of a pyramidal figure : applied to the fig- 
ures called stauraxonia heteropola, and opposed 
to homostatiral. See stauraxonia. 
Heterostoma (het-e-ros'to-ma), n. [NL., < Gr. 
eTepoaropof, one-edged, half and half, lit. with 
different mouths, < ercpof, different, + ar6/ui, 
mouth.] A genus of chilopod myriapods, of 
the family Scolopendridce. 
heterostrophe (het-e-ros'tro-fe), . [NL., < 
Gr. ercpof, other, different, + arpotf, a turning.] 
Same as heterostrophy. 
heterostrophiC (het'e-ro-strof'ik), a. [In def. 
1, < heterostrophy + -ic. In def. 2, < Gr. cre- 
p6o-rpo0of, consisting of different strophes, lit. 
having different turns, < erepof, other, differ- 
ent, + arpatfi, a turning, strophe.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to or resulting from heterostrophy; re- 
versed in direction; turned the other way; in 
conch., having the spire whorled in the direc- 
tion opposite to the usual one, as in Pliysa 
heterostropha, for example : said of a univalve 
shell. 2. In anc. pros., consisting of two sys- 
tems of different metrical form : as, a hetero- 
strophic song or choric passage. 
heterostrophous (het-e-ros'tro-fus), a. [< het- 
erostrophe + -ous.] Same as heterostrophic. 
heterostrophy (het-e-ros'tro-fi), n. [As hete- 
rostrophe.] A contrary or opposite turning; 
the condition of being reversed in direction ; 
specifically, in conch., reversal of the direction 
in which spiral shells usually turn. Also hete- 
rostrophe. 
heterostyled (het'e-ro-stild), a. [< Gr. erepof, 
other, different, +" orvAof, a pillar, style : see 
style%.] Heterogonous : opposed to hvmostyled. 
The essential character of plants belonging to the hete- 
mtvled class is that the individuals are divided into two 
or three bodies like the males and females of dioecious 
plants or of the higher animals, which exist in approxi- 
mately equal numbers, and are adapted for reciprocal fer- 
tilization. Darwin, Different forms of Flowers, p. 244. 
heterostylism (het"e-ro-sti'lizm), M. [As liet- 
erostyl(ed) + -ism.] "The state of being hete- 
rogonous. 
There is no evidence that two sets of individuals exist 
which differ slightly in function and are adapted for re- 
ciprocal fertilisation ; and this is the essence of hettro- 
stylivm. Darwin, Different Forms of Flowers, p. 50. 
heterotactous (het"e-ro-tak'tus), a. [As hete- 
rotaxis (-tact-) + -ous.] Pertaining to or char- 
acterized by heterotaxis. Specifically (o) In geol., 
irregular or not uniform in arrangement or stratification ; 
heterogeneous. (6) In bot., having organs deviating in 
position or arrangement from a normal type. 
heterotaxic (het"e-ro-tak'sik), a. [< hete- 
rotax-is + -ic; prop. *'heterotactie : see tactic.] 
Characterized by or exhibiting heterotaxis ; not 
homotaxic. 
heterotaxis (het"e-ro-tak'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
erepof, other, different, + fC, arrangement 
(raicTOf, ordered, arranged), < rdaaeiv, order, ar- 
range.] Anomalous arrangement ; aberrant or 
abnormal disposition of parts or organs: the 
opposite of homotaxis. 
heterotaxy (het'e-ro-tak"si), n. [As hetero- 
taxis.] Same as Heterotaxis. 
Heterothalameae (het"e-ro-tha-la'me-e), H. pi. 
[NL. (De Candolle, 1836), < Heterothalamus + 
-ece.] A subdivision of plants of the natural 
order Composites, tribe Asteroidece, typified by 
the genus Heterothalamus. 
Heterothalamus (het"e-ro-thara-mus), n. 
Gr. Erepof, other, different, + 6d/ia/iof, taken in 
mod. bot. sense, thalamus.] A small genus of 
asteroid composite plants, the type of De Can- 
dolle's tribe Heterothalamece, and closely allied 
to the genus Baccliarix. It is characterized by hav- 
ing polygamo-dicecious heads. The hermaphrodite plants 
heterotrophy 
bear either sterile flowers in the disk, or a single row of 
fertile female flowers around the edge ; the female plants 
liear fertile flowers, of which the achenia are compressed 
or 3-angled ; the hermaphrodite achenia are abortive ; the 
pappus is in one series or more, and copious ; the leaves 
are alternate, and entire or dentate; and the flowers are 
corymbose or paniculate, and yellow. Only five species 
are known, all natives of South America. H. brunioides, 
of southern Brazil, furnishes the yellow romerillo dye from 
its flowers. 
Heterotheca (hef'e-ro-the'ka), n. [NL. (so 
called from the unlike achenia of the ray and 
disk), < Gr. errpof, other, different, + W/K>I, a 
case.] A small genus of North American and 
Mexican herbs, belonging to the natural or- 
der Composita;, tribe Asteroidea, the type of De 
Candolle's tribe Heterotheeea: It is characterized 
by having the ray- and disk-flowers numerous, and both 
fertile ; the style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers 
tipped with a lanceolate or ovate triangular appendage; 
the achenia of the ray thlckish, often triangular, without 
pappus, or rarely with a bristle or two ; the disk com- 
pressed, and with a double pappus, the inner composed 
of long capillary bristles, the outer of numerous short 
squamma; ; the leaves alternate ; the flowers yellow ; and 
the pappus brownish. Aublet, 1775. 
Heterotheceae (hefe-ro-the'se-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(De Candolle, 1836)1' < Heterotheca + -etc.] A 
subdivision of plants belonging to the natural 
order Composita;, tribe Asteroidece, typified by 
the genus Heterotheca. 
heterotomous (het-e-rot'o-mus), a. [< Gr. ere- 
pof, other, different,"* ro/4, a cutting, < refiveiv, 
cut.] In mineral., haying a cleavage different 
from the common variety : applied to a variety 
of feldspar. 
heterotopia (het"e-ro-t6'pi-a), . Same as hete- 
rotopy. 
heterotopic (het"e-ro-top'ik), a. [< heterotopy 
+ -/c.] Same &s"lieierotopous. 
heterotopism (het-e-rot'o-pizm), n. [As hete- 
rotop-y + -ism.] Same as heterotopy. 
heterotopous (het-e-rot'o-pus), a. [< Gr. erepof, 
other, different, +" TOTTCC, place.] Misplaced; 
pertaining to or characterized by heterotopy: 
applied specifically in pathology to tissue oc- 
curring in an abnormal situation. Also hete- 
rotopic. 
heterotopy (het-e-rot'o-pi), n. [< NL. hetero- 
topia: see heterotopous.] Disarrangement in 
position; misplacement. Specifically (a) In pa- 
tnul., the occurrence of a tissue forming a neoplasm in 
an abnormal position, (b) In biol., a disarrangement of 
an order of development affecting the place of the result- 
ing phenomena. See heterochrony. Also hetarotopism, 
heterotopia. 
Virchow opposed both the view that the jaw [the infant 
giant jaw-bone of Stramberg] was like that of an ape and 
the one that it was a child's. The case was a rare instance 
of heterotopy in a man of gigantic size. 
Pop. Set. Mo., XXII. 138. 
Displacement in position, or heterotoiy, especially af- 
fects the cells or elementary parts which compose the or- 
gans ; but it also affects the organs themselves. 
Baeckel, Evol. of Man (trans.), I. 13. 
Heterotricha (het-e-rot'ri-ka), n.pl. [NL., 
neut.pl. of heterotfichus : see heterotrichous.] 
An order of ciliate inf usorians. These animalcule 
. 
are either free-swimming or attached, naked or loricate, 
and are entirely ciliated. The cilia form two widely dis- 
tinct systems, those of the general cuticular surface being 
short and fine, and those of the oral region of much larger 
size, cirrose, and constituting a linear or more or less spiral 
or circular series. The cortical layers are usually highly 
differentiated, and inclose an even, parallel series of longi- 
tudinally disposed muscular nbrilte. The order contains 
by far the largest of the infusorians, many of its members 
being visible to the naked eye, and some ranging in size 
up to one sixth of an inch. There are 20 or more genera, 
ranged by Kent in 7 families, BursarKdoe, Spiroitomida', 
StentoridtB, Tintinnidae, Trichodenopnidce, Codonellidce, 
and Calceolidte. Heterotricha is one of the four orders 
established by Stein, the others being Holotrieha, Hypo- 
trwha, and Peritricha. 
heterotrichal (het-e-rot'ri-kal), a. Same as hel- 
frolrichous. Encyc. Brit. 
heterotrichous (het-e-rot'ri-kus), a. [< NL. 
heterotrichus, < Gr. ercpo?, other, different, 4 
0pi'f (rpt.x-'), hair.] Having unlike cilia scatter- 
ed over the body; specifically, of or pertaining 
to the Hetei'otricha. 
Heterotrichum (het-e-rot'ri-kum), n. [NL. 
(De Caudolle, 1828), <' Gr. Irepof, other, differ- 
ent, + 0ptf (rpix-), hair.] A genus of shrubs 
belonging to the natural order Melastomacece, 
tribe Micotiiea". It is characterized by having the 
calyx campanulate, and 6- to 8-lobed ; the corolla of 6 to 8 
white or rose-colored obovate petals; numerous stamens, 
the anthers of which at first open by a single terminal 
pore later by a fissure ; and the fruit forming a tough 
berry. The leaves are large, ovate-cordate or oblong, and 
iitiry. Aiie leavoo tuc iaigc,u>c ^ v. n*... , .- 
entire or serrulate. Six species are known, from Guiana 
and the West Indies. H. nivmrn is called the American 
guoseberry in the West Indies. 
heterotropal (het-e-rot'ro-pal), a. Same as 
tieterofropotis. 
heterotrophy (het-e-rot'ro-fi), n. [< Gr. er 
other, different, + rptxta/, nourishment, < 
