Hoffmannite 
founded in 1854 by Christian Hoffmann. The 
sect was also called Jerusalem Friends. 
Hofmann's violet. Same as dahlia, 3. 
hofult, . [< ME. hmrful, Iwliful, hogful, < AS. 
hohful, hogful, careful, anxious, < Iiogu, care, 
anxiety: see how and -/?.] Prudent; careful; 
considerate. Richardson. 
Sir Gregory, ever hofnll of his doiuga and behaviour, di- 
rected especial letters unto him. 
Stapleton, Fortress of Faith, an. 1566, p. 97, b. 
hofullyt, adr. Carefully; prudently. 
Women serving God hofully and chastely. 
Stapleton, Fortress of Faith, an. 1565, p. 419, b. 
hog 1 (hog), H. [< ME. hog, huge, hoggc, a gelded 
hog, a young sheep (cf . in comp. hog-pig, a bar- 
row-pig, hog-colt, a young colt, hogget, a sheep 
or colt after it has passed its first year, and 
obs. E. hoggerel, hoggrel, a young sheep, hogga- 
ster, hogster, a boar in its third year, also a 
lamb after its first year, hoglin, a boar) ; prob. 
< hog 1 , v., a var. of hag s , which is a var. of hack 1 , 
cut : see kogl, v., hag*, and hack 1 . The term is 
applied to a 'cut' or gelded boar, to a sheep 
' cut ' or shorn the first year, or just after the 
first year, hence a young sheep, and hence ex- 
tended to a young colt. There is no sufficient 
evidence for the current etymology from W. 
hwch, a sow, = Corn, hoch, a pig, hog, = Bret. 
houeh, hoch, a hog, = Ir. suig, ult. = AS. sugw, 
su, E. sow 2 : see soir 2 .] If. A gelded pig; a 
barrow-pig. 2. An omnivorous non-ruminant 
mammal of the family Suidte, suborder Artio- 
dactyla, and order Ungulata; a pig, sow, or boar; 
a swine. All the varieties of the domestic hog are de- 
rived from the wild boar, SMS scrofa, (See boari.) The 
river-hogs are somewhat aquatic African species of the 
genus Potamochcerug. The babirussa is a true hog of the 
same family, Suidce. See cut under babinusga. 
Shall I keep your hogs, and eat husks with them? 
Shak., As you Like it, i. 1. 
But for one piece they thought it hard 
From the whole hog to be debarr'd. 
Cowper, Love of the World Reproved. 
3. Some animal like or likened to a hog, not 
of the family Suid(e. See wart-hog, Phacochce- 
rus, peccary, and DicotyUs.l. A sheep shorn 
in the first year, or just after the first year ; a 
young sheep. [Prov. Eng.] 5. A young colt. 
6. A bullock a year old. [Prov. Eng.] 7. 
One who has the characteristics of the hog; a 
mean, stingy, grasping, gluttonous, or filthy 
person. [Colloq.] 8. Naut., a sort of scrub- 
bing-broom for scraping a ship's bottom under 
water. 9. A stirrer or agitator in the pulp-vat 
of a paper-making plant. 10f. A shilling, or 
perhaps a sixpence. [Old slang.] 
"It's only a tester or a hog they want your honour to give 
'em, to drink your honour's health," said Paddy. 
Miss Edgeworth, Ennui, vi. 
Guinea hog, the river-pig of Guinea, Potamochoerus pic- 
tu. Horned hog, the babirussa : so called from the pro- 
trusive teeth, resembling horns. See cut under babirus- 
sa. Pygmy hog, an animal of the genus Poreula, as P. 
salvama, which is found in Nepal and Sikhim. To caw 
one's hogs to the hill. See caw?. To go the whole 
hog. See go. 
hog 1 (hog), v. ; pret. and pp. hogged, ppr. hog- 
ging. [In def. 1 prob. a var. of hags for hack*, 
cut; the orig., and not a derivative, of hog 1 , n., 
to which, however, the later senses are due. 
Cf. MLG. hoggen, a secondary form of Jiomeen 
= E. hew, to which hack 1 is ult. referred.] 
1. trans. 1. To cut (the hair) short: as, to hog 
a horse's mane. [Prov. Eng.] 2. To scrape 
(a ship's bottom) under water. 3. [With 
ref. to hogback, q. v. The resemblance to G. 
hocteen, carry on the back, get upon one's back, 
also set in heaps, < hocke, a heap or shock of 
sheaves, also the back, seems to be accidental.] 
To carry on the back. [Local, Eng.] 
II. intrans. 1. To droop at both ends, so as 
to resemble in some degree a hog's back in out- 
line : said of the bottom of a ship when in this 
condition either through faulty construction 
or from accident. 
As a result it was found that the extremities tended to 
droop with reference to the midship part, and the ship 
was said to break, this particular form of breakage being 
termed hogging. Thearle, Naval Arch., 193. 
2. In the manege, to hold or cany the head 
down, like a hog. 
hog 2 (hog), n. [Origin obscure; by some iden- 
tified with hog 1 , as "laggard stones that 
manifest a pig-like indolence," or, it might be 
thought, in allusion to the helplessness of a 
hog on ice, there being in the United States 
an ironical simile, "as independent as a hog on 
ice." But neither this explanation nor that 
which brings in D. hok, a pen, kennel, sty, dock, 
2851 
is supported by any evidence. Perhaps first 
applied not to the stone, but to the hog-score or 
line ' cut ' in the ice, < hog 1 , cut, and thus in fact 
connected in another way with hog 1 , q. v.] In 
the game of curling, a stone which does not go 
over the hog-score ; also, the hog-score itself. 
[Scotch.] 
hog'- 3 (hog), v. t. ; pret. and pp. hogged, ppr. hog- 
ging. [< hog' 2 , m.] In curling, to play, as a 
stone, with so little force that it does not clear 
the hog-score. [Scotch.] 
hogant (ho'gan), n. [Abbr. of Hogan-Mogan (or 
Hogen-Mogen) rug.] A kind of strong liquor. 
Those who toast all the family royal 
In bumpers of Hogan and Nog 
Have hearts not more true or more loyal 
Than mine to my sweet Molly Mog. 
Gay, Molly Mog. 
For your reputation we keep to ourselves your not hunt- 
ing nor drinking hogan, either of which here would be 
sufficient to lay your honour in the dust. 
Gray, Letters, I. 12. 
Hogan-Mogant, n. and a. See Hogcn-Mogen. 
hog-ape (hog'ap), . The mandrill baboon, Cy- 
nocephalus mormon. Also called hog-monkey. 
hog-apple (hog'ap'l), . The May-apple, Po- 
dophyllum peltatum. 
Hogarth's Act. See act. 
hogatt, See hogget. 
hogback (hog'bak), n. 1. A back like that of 
a hog ; a back which rises in the middle. 
He [the perch] has a hooked or hog back, which is armed 
with sharp and stiff bristles. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 155. 
2. A fish in which the back is humped some- 
what like a hog's. 3. A low, sharply crested 
ridge rising upon the adjacent region, and usu- 
ally formed of sand or gravel with boulders 
intermixed : in New England more commonly 
called horseback. Compare horseback, eshar, 
kame. At the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains the 
conspicuously projecting upturned edges of the rocky 
strata are called "hogbacks," and the region where these 
outcrops are common the " hogback country." 
I pushed forward across deep gulches, over high peaks 
and hog-backs. Harper's Mag., LXXVII. 860. 
4. In coal-mining, a sharp rise in the floor of 
a coal-seam. 5. A hog-frame. 
The strength of her hull and the solidity of her hog-back. 
Watcrbury (Conn.) American, April 2, 1886. 
hog-backed (hog'bakt), . Having a back like 
a nog's : specifically applied to a monstrous va- 
riety of the common trout. 
hog-bean (hog'ben), . The henbane, Hyoscya- 
mus niger. Also hog's-bean. 
hog-bed (hog'bed), n. The ground-pine, Lyco- 
podium complanatiim. 
hog-brace (hog'bras), n. Same as hog-frame. 
hog-caterpillar (hog'kat"er-pil-ar), . The 
larva of a moth, Darapsa myron, of the family 
hogger 
hog-COte (hog'kot), n. A shed or house for 
swine ; a sty. [Eng.] 
hog-deer (hog'der), K. 1. A small spotted deer, 
Cerfus (lliji:l<ij>hii.i) porciuus, abundant in In- 
dia, and related to the axis. See axis'*. 2. 
The babirussa. 
hogeti a. A Middle English form of huge. 
Hogen-Mogent (ho 'gen -mo 'gen), n. and a. 
[Sometimes written Hogan-Mogan; < D. Hoog 
en Mogend, 'high and mighty,' an honorific title 
of the States General : hoog = E. high ; mogend, 
mighty, orig. ppr. of mogen, may, can, have 
power, = E. maw 1 .] I. n. The States General 
of Holland ; Holland or the Netherlands. [Old 
slang.] 
But I have sent him for a token 
To your Low-country Hogen-Mugen. 
S. Butler, Hudibras, III. i. 1440. 
II. a. Dutch. [Old slang.] 
Well, in short, I was drunk ; damnably drunk with Ale ; 
great Hogen Mogen bloody Ale. 
Dryden, Wild Gallant, i. 1. 
What think you of our Hogan-Mogan Belle ? 
Didn't she trick the Trickster nicely well? 
Mrs. Centilitre, Artifice, Epil. 
Hogen-Mogen rugt, a 'high and mighty' that is, very 
strong drink : later called simply hogan. See hogan and 
rug. 
There was a high and mighty drink call'd Rug. 
Sure since the Reigne of great King Gorbodug, 
Was never such a rare infused confection, 
Injection, operation, and ejection, 
Are Hogen Mogen Bugs, great influences 
To provoke sleep, and stupene the senses. 
John Taylor, Certain Travailes (1653). 
hog-fennel (hog'fen'el), n. The sulphur-weed, 
Peucedanum officinale. Also hog's-fennel. 
hogfish (hog'fish), n. 1. A popular name of va- 
rious fishes, (a) Scorpcena scrofa, a flsh of large size 
and red color, with a spiny head, inflated cheeks, sunken 
crown, and cirri or tags on the head and body. The name 
is also given to other species of the same genus. [Local, 
Eng.] (b) A darter, Percina caprodes, of the family Per- 
cid(e and subfamily Etheostoinince, inhabiting American 
fresh waters. Also called hog-molly, log-perch, and rock- 
Jixli. (c) A hemuloniue fish, better known as sailor's- 
choice. [U.S.] (d) A labroid flsh, Lachnolatmus maximus 
or L. suillus. It has 14 dorsal spines, the first 3 strong and 
Hogfish (Lachnolamus maximns). 
( From Report of U. S. Fish Commission, 1884.) 
produced into long filaments or streamers in the adult; 
the entire preoperculum, opercles, and cheeks are scaly. 
It Is a common West Indian flsh, and also occurs along the 
Florida coast. 
2. The common porpoise or sea-pig, Phocama 
communis. 
hog-fleece (hog'fles), n. [< hog 1 , 4, + fleece.'] 
The fleece obtained from a sheep that is shorn 
for the first time. [Prov. Eng.] 
hog-frame (hog'fram), n. In steam-vessels, a 
fore-and-aft frame, usually above deck, form- 
ing in combination with the frame of the vessel 
Hog-caterpillar (Darapsa myrtm\ 
natural size. 
Sphingidai : so called from the swollen thoracic 
joints. The large, round, yellowish-green eggs are laid 
singly on the leaves of the grape, and the larva; feed sepa- 
rately on the leaves. 
hog-chain (hog'chan), n. Same as hog-frame. 
hog-cherry (hog'cher"i), n. The bird-cherry, 
Prunus Padtts. 
hog-choker (hog'cho'ker), n. An American 
sole, Achirug lineatus, of the family Soleidce: so 
called from its worthlessness as a food-fish. 
It has an oval body of a brownish color crossed with nar- 
row blackish bauds. It inhabits the eastern coast of North 
America. See cut under Soleidte. 
hog-cholera (hog'kol"e-ra), n. See cholera. 
hog-colt (hog'kolt), n" A colt a year old; a 
hogget. [Eng.] 
hog-constable (hog'kun"sta-bl), n. .Same as 
hog-reeve. 
Hog-frame as used in a light-draft river-steamer. 
a truss to resist vertical flexure : used chiefly 
in American river- and lake-steamers. Also 
called hogging-frame, hog-brace, hog-chain. 
hoggardt, Same as hogherd. 
Our regent (who had in him no more humanity than a 
haggard). Comical Hist, of Francion (1655). 
hoggastert, . See hogster. 
hogged (hogd), p. a. [Pp. of hog 1 , v. i., 1.] 
Having a droop at the ends: said of a ship 
when her ends are lower than her midship part, 
a condition resulting from accident, as from 
running aground, or from structural weakness. 
A very bad world indeed in some parts hogged the 
moment it was launched a number of rotten timbers. 
Wolcot, Peter Pindar, p. 168. 
hoggepott, n. Same as hotchpot. 
hogger (hog'er), H. [Appar. for 'hocker, < hock 1 
+ -er. Cf. equiv. Sc. hoxlien, hoshin, hoeshin.'] 
A stocking without a foot, worn by coal-miu- 
