holly 
holly 2 t, adv. An obsolete spelling of 
Chaucer. 
holly-fern (hol'i-fern), . The plant Aspiiliiini 
Lonchiti*. 
hollyhock (hol'i-hok), n. [Formerly also hol- 
lihock; < ME. holilioc, holihocce, holihoke, lit. 
'holy hock' or mallow: see Italy and hock 2 . It 
was so called, it is said, because brought from 
the Holy Land.] A plant, Althea rosea, of the 
natural order Malvacew. It is a native of China and 
of southern Europe, anil is a frequent ornament of gardens. 
There are many varieties, with single and double flowers, 
characterized by the tints of white, yellow, red, purple, 
and dark purple approaching to black. The leaves are 
said to yield a blue coloring matter not inferior to indigo. 
Heavily hangs the hollyhock, 
Heavily hangs the tiger-lily. 
Tennyson, A Spirit Haunts the Year's Last Hours. 
hollyhock-rose (hol'i-hok-roz), . The resur- 
rection-plant, Selaginella lepidophylla. 
hollyhock-tree (hol'i-hok-tre), n. A hardy 
evergreen tree 12 to 20 feet high, Hibiscus splen- 
dens, a native of Queensland and New South 
Wales. 
holly-laurel (hol'i-la'rel), n. The islay, Pru- 
nus ilicifolia, of California. 
holly-oak (hol'i-6k), . Same as holm-oak. 
We saw Sir Walter where he stood, 
Before a tower of crimson holly-oaks. 
Tennyson, Princess, Conclusion. 
hollyoakf, n. A perverted form of hollyhock. 
In October . . . come . . . ros> 
late, hollyoaks, and sucb like. 
cut or removed to come 
Bacon, Gardens. 
holly-rose (hol'i-roz), n. A yellow-flowered 
West Indian shrub, Turnera ulmifolia : also ap- 
plied to species of the genus Cistus. 
holly-tree (hol'i-tre), . Same as holly 1 . 
holm 1 (holm or horn), n. [Formerly sometimes 
written home; < ME. holm, a small island, also 
a river-meadow, also (only in Layamon) a hill, 
< AS. holm, an island in a river (so in late prose, 
the Chronicle, prob. by Scand. influence), usu- 
ally (only in poetry) the sea, the ocean : a de- 
flection, in ref. to the convex shape of the 
open sea, of the orig. sense (not recorded in AS. ), 
' a hill or mound' (cf . E. downs, lit. hills, similar- 
ly used); = OS. holm, a hill, = OLG. LG. holm, an 
island in a river, > G. holm, an island in a river, 
a hill, a dockyard, wharf (senses partly from 
Scand. ?), = Icel. holmr, holmr, also holnii, an 
islet, esp. in a bay, creek, or river (even mea- 
dows on the shore with ditches behind them be- 
ing so called), = Sw. holme, a small island, = 
Dan. holm, a holm, islet, dockyard; = L. colu- 
men, culmen (withdiff. term.), a mountain-top, 
summit, connected with collis, a hill, = E. hilP-. 
Holm 1 is thus akin to hill 1 : see culminate, col- 
umn, hill 1 , and halm. The Slavic forms, OBulg. 
hlumu, Serv. hum, urn, Bohem. khlum, Pol. khelm 
(barred 1), Buss, kholmu, etc., with Finnish leal- 
ma, Hung, halom, a hill, are prob. from the 
Teut. From this word are derived the sur- 
names Holm, Holme, Home, Holmes, Holmer, 
Salman. Holm often occurs in place-names, 
as in Kteepholm, Flatholm, islands in the mouth 
of the Severn, Axholm, etc.] If. A hill. Lay- 
amon. 2. An islet or a river-island; in the 
Orkneys, a small island off a larger one. 
Most of the numerous holm* surrounding the Ris Island 
are small, and only rise a few feet above the water. 
Nature, XXX. 220. 
3. A river-meadow ; a low flat tract of rich land 
by the side of a river. 
Some call them the holmes, bicause they lie low, and 
are good for nothing but grasse. 
Harrison, Descrip. of England, p. 43. (Halliwell.) 
Long may they [swans] float upon this flood serene ; 
Theirs be these holms untrodden, still, and green. 
Wordsworth, Evening Walk. 
The soft wind blowing over meadowy holms. 
Tennyson, Edwin Morris. 
holm 2 (holm or horn), n. [< ME. holme, a corrupt 
form (appar. by some association with holm 1 ) 
of holen, holin, holly: see hollen, holly 1 , and 
holm-oak.] 1. Holly. 
The carver Holme ; the Maple seeldom inward sound. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. I. 9. 
Beneath an holm-tree's friendly shade 
Was Reason's little cottage made. 
C. Smart, Reason and Imagination. 
2. The holm-oak. 
holm-cock (holm'kok), n. Same as holm-thrush. 
holment, a. [< ME. holmen; < holm 2 + -en 2 .] 
Pertaining to the holm ; consisting of the wood 
of the holm. 
Hee makes a shift to cut a holmen pole. 
Sylvester, Maiden's Blush (trans.), 1. 541. 
2859 
holmium (hol'mi-um), . Chemical symbol, Ho. 
A certain substance whose chemical properties 
have not been investigated, but which is as- 
sumed to be an elementary substance. 
holm-oak (holm'ok), n. [< holm 2 + oak: see 
holm 2 and holly-oak.] The evergreen oak, Quer- 
cus Hex. Also called holly-oak. 
holm-screech (holm'skrech), u. Same as holm- 
thrush. 
holm-thrush (holm'thrush), n. The missel- 
thrush, Turdus viacii-orus. Also called holm- 
cock and holm-screech. 
holo-. [NL., etc., holo-, < Gr. o/to-f, entire, com- 
plete in all its parts, whole, safe and sound, 
Ionic oMof, orig. *of/lof = L. sollus, entire, com- 
plete (sol-idus, firm, solid), = Skt. sarva, all, 
whole: see solemn, solicit, solid. It should be 
noted that Gr. 6/.of has no connection with the 
equiv. and similar-seeming E. word whole (for- 
merly spelled hole), by which it is commonly 
translated.] An element in compound words 
from the Greek, meaning 'entire, whole.' 
holoblast (hol'o-blast), n. [< Gr. oAof, whole, 
+ /3/Wrof, germ.] In biol., a holoblastic 
ovum; an ovum the protoplasm of which is 
entirely germinal: distinguished from niero- 
blast. 
holoblastic (hol-o-blas'tik), a. [< holoblast + 
-ic.] Wholly germinal : applied by Remak to 
those eggs in which the whole yolk is f ormative 
that is, undergoes segmentation in develop- 
ment : opposed to meroblastic. Mammals, ex- 
cepting mouotremes, have holoblastic egg). 
See cut under gastrulation. 
Holobranchia (hol-6-brang'ki-a), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. o/io?, whole, + fipdyxia, gills: see branchial.] 
1 . A group of fishes. Dumeril, 1806. 2. In J. E. 
Gray's classification (1821), one of three orders 
of Saccophora or ascidians, distinguished from 
Tomobranchia and from Diphyltobranchia. 
holocaust (hol'o-kast), n. [< ME. holocaust, < 
L. holocaustum, < Gr. 6).6nav<jTov, oX&navrov, a 
whole burnt-offering, neut. of o/lomwrof, oU- 
Kavrof, burnt whole, < o/lof, whole, + Kavaroc, 
Kavr6f, burnt, < naiciv, burn: see caustic.] 1. 
A sacrifice or offering entirely consumed by 
fire, in use among the Jews and some pagan 
nations. 
And therefore thus must the lesuite do when an Igna- 
tian Superiour commands, or else he is no Holocaust for 
the Leiolan Altai-. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 171. 
And she, thus left alone, might sooner prove 
The perfect holocaust of generous love. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, xxiv. 194. 
Eumenes cut a piece from every part of the victim, and 
by this he made it an holocaust, or an entire sacrifice. 
W. Broome. 
sacrifice 
bat- 
2. Figuratively, a great slaughter or sacriti 
of life, as by fire or other accident, or in bi 
tie. 
Holocentridae (hol-o-sen'tri-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Holocentrus + -idee.'] A family of acanthop- 
terygian fishes of the superfamily Berycoidea ; 
the squirrel-fishes. The limits of the group vary with 
Squirrel-fish (Holocentrtts erythrtrus}. 
different writers, (a) In the old systems it was essentially 
coequal with the family Berycidee. (b) In a restricted sense, 
the Holocentridcn are nshes of oblong form with compressed 
head, ctenoid scales, narrow suborbitals, 8 branchiostegal 
rays, 2 dorsals, of which the spinous is longer than the 
soft one, and ventrals of 7 rays besides the spine. There 
are numerous (about 60) tropical species. 
holocentroid (hol-6-sen'troid), a. and . [< 
Holocentrus + -aid.] I. a. Of or relating to 
the Holocentrid.ee. 
II. n. One of the Holocentridce. 
Holocentrus (hol-o-sen'trus), n. [NL. (Bloch, 
1790), < Gr. o'Aoc, whole, + Ksvrpov, a point, the 
center.] The typical genus of the family Ho- 
locentridae: so called because beset all over 
with spines. U. ascencimis is a Floridian species, 
of bright-reddish color and great activity, and another 
is the squirrel-fish, JJ. ei~ythraeus. See cut under Holo- 
centridce. 
holocephal (hol-o-sef'al), n. A fish of the ge- 
nus Holocephulus. Also holocephale. 
holograph 
Holocephala (hol-o-sef'a-lii), n. pi. [NL., 
neut. pi.: see Itolon/ilt/ilous.] In Giinther's 
system of classification, the Holocephali as an 
order of chondropterygious fishes, character- 
ized by the single external gill-opening on 
each side. 
Holocephali (hol-o-sef'a-H), n. pi. [NL., pi. 
of *holoceplialus : see hoiocephalotis.] A group 
of selachians to which different values have 
been given, (<j) In the systems of Muller and others, 
an order of selachians or of chondropterygians, character- 
ized by the continuity of the hyomandibular bone with the 
cranium. There is thus constituted an "entire " or undi- 
vided cranium, with which the short lower jaw directly 
articulates, whence the name. The family Chiiitffridtx con- 
tains the only living species, but numerous extinct forms 
are known. (I) In some systems, raised to the rank of a 
subclass, but having the same limits as when used in an 
ordinal sense. 
holocephalous (hol-o-sef'a-lus), a. [< NL.*Ao- 
tocephalus, < Gr. W-o'f, whole, + Kefaty, headj 
Having an undivided cranium; specifically, of 
or pertaining to the Holocephali. 
Holochlamyda (hol-o-klam'i-da), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. oAof, whole, + ,^/la/iiif, a mantle.] A sub- 
order of azygobranchiate gastropods, with the 
margin of the pallium or mantle simple or en- 
tire and the lip of the shell unnotched. There 
are many families, grouped as rhipidoglossate, 
ptenoglossate, and teenioglossate. 
holochlamydate (hol-o-klam'i-dat), a. [As 
Holochlamyda + -ate 1 .] Having the margin of 
the pallium or mantle simple or entire; of or 
pertaining to the Holochlamyda. 
holochlamydic (hol"o-kla-mid'ik), a. Same as 
holochlamydate. E. B. Lankester. 
holochoanoid (hol-o-ko'a-noid), a. and . [< Gr. 
oAof, whole, + x 1 "?! a funnel, + eldoc, form.] 
I. a. Having complete septal funnels; of or 
pertaining to the Holochoanoida. Also holo- 
choanoidal. 
II. K. A member of the group Holochoanoida. 
Holochoanoida (hol-o-ko-a-noi'da), n.pl. [NL.: 
see holochoanoid.] A group of nautiloid ceph- 
alopods, in which the septal funnels close the 
intervals between the septa: contrasted with 
Ellipochoanoida. Hyatt, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. 
Hist., XXII. 260. 
holochqanoidal (hol-o-ko-a-noi'dal), a. [< 7(0/0- 
choanoid + -al.] Same as holochoanoid. 
holochrone (hol'o-kron), . [< Gr. Mof, whole, 
+ xpovoc, time.] In math., a curve such that if 
a heavy particle be restricted to move upon it, 
the times of descent through different portions 
are a given function of the arcs described. 
holocryptic (hol-6-krip'tik), a. [< Gr. 6^of, 
whole, + KpvxToc, hidden: see crypt.] Wholly 
or effectively concealing ; specifically, incapa- 
ble of being read except by one who has the 
key, as a cipher. 
holocrystalline (hol-o-kris'ta-lin), a. [< holo- 
+ crystalline.] Entirely crystalline: applied 
to rocks which contain no amorphous or glassy 
matter. 
holodactylic (hoFo-dak-til'ik), a. [< Gr. oAo6d- 
KTV/OC, all dactylic, < o/*of, whole, + (SaKruAof, a 
dactyl: see dactyl, dactylic.] In pros. , consist- 
ing, with the exception of the last foot, entire- 
ly of dactyls : noting that form of the dactylic 
hexameter in which, the last foot being always 
a spondee or trochee, all the other feet are dac- 
tyls. See hexameter. 
hologastrula (hol-o-gas'tro-la), n. ; pi. hologas- 
trulai (-le). [NL., < Gr. 6/.o?, whole, + gastrula, 
q. v.] In embryol., the gastrula, of whatever 
form, of a holoblastic egg. It is an archigastrnla W 
the segmentation of the yolk is equal as well as total ; an 
amphigastrula if the segmentation is unequal and total. 
See gastrulation. 
hologastrular (hol-o-gas'trij-lar), . [< holo- 
gastrula + -a>:] Resembling 'a hologastrula. 
Holognatha (ho-log'na-tha), n.pl. [NL., neut. 
pi. of *holognaihus : see holognathous.] A sec- 
tion of terrestrial pulmoniferous gastropods, 
having an entire jaw : contrasted with Agnatha, 
Goniognatha, and Elasmognatha. 
holognathous (ho-log'ua-thus), a. [< NL. 
"holognathus, < Gr. uAof, whole, + yvddof, a 
jaw.] In conch., having the jaw of one piece ; 
specifically, of or pertaining to the Hologna- 
tha. 
holograph (hol'p-graf ), a. and n. [< LL. holo- 
!/r<iphus, < Gr. 6'Xoypaifiof, written wholly by the 
hand of the author, < 5/lof, whole, + yp&tyetv, 
write.] I. a. Wholly written by the person in 
whose name it appears, as a manuscript docu- 
ment or letter. 
A holograph letter by a man of quality is a true treasure. 
Lauia, To Coleridge. 
