horror 
Such fresh horror as you see driven through the wrinkled 
waves. Chapman. 
2. A shivering or shuddering, as in the cold 
fit which precedes a fever, usually accompa- 
nied with contraction and roughening of the 
skin ; a rigor. [Kare.] 
When lo ! a spectre rose, whose index-hand 
Held forth the virtue of the dreadful wand. . . . 
O'er every vein a shuddering horror runs ; 
Eton and Winton shake through all their sons. 
Pope, Dunciad, iv. Ha. 
A sudden horror chill 
Ran through each nerve, and thrilled In every vein. 
Aiidison, jEneid, Hi. 
3. A painful emotion of fear or abhorrence ; a 
shuddering with terror or loathing ; the feeling 
inspired by something frightful or shocking. 
But if we think of being turn'd to naught, 
A U-embling horror in our souls we find. 
Sir J. Davis*, Immortal, of Soul, xxx. 
Horrour is that very strong and painful emotion which 
is excited by the view or contemplation of something pe- 
culiarly atrocious in the conduct of another ; by some vice 
which exceeds the usual extravagance of vice ; enormities 
that surpass the bounds of common depravity. 
T. Cot/an, The Passions, I. ii. f 3. 
I met her gray eyes glazed 
With sudden horror most unspeakable. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 309. 
4. Shrinking dread; great dislike or repug- 
nance : as, to hold publicity in horror; to have 
a horror of falsehood. 
Sympathising with an English reader's pious horror for 
unpronounceable Asiatic names, I will try to avoid them 
as much as possible. Nineteenth Century, XXII. 471. 
5. That which excites horror or terror ; that 
which causes gloom or dread: as, the horrors 
of war ; a place of horrors. 
Ye haue encreased the fault of your vile rebellion with 
the horrour of bloudshed. Sir J. Cheke, Hurt of Sedition. 
I saw myself the lambent easy light 
Gild the brown horror, and dispel the night. 
Drydeu, Hind and Panther, ii. 659. 
Intervals of a groping twilight alternated wiih spells of 
utter blackness ; and it was Impossible to trace the reason 
of these changes in the flying horror of the sky. 
R. L. Stevenson, Merry Men. 
The novel bristles with nonsense and unnecessary hor- 
rors. Edinburgh Rev., CLXII1. 146. 
The horrors, (a) Extreme depression ; the blues. [Col- 
loq.] 
As you promise our stay shall be short, if I don't die of 
the horrors, I shall certainly try to make the agreeable. 
Mi-ftt Ferrier, Marriage, iii. 
(&) Delirium tremens. [Colloq.] 
He do take a drop too much at times, and then he has 
the horrors. Trollope, Dr. Thome, zl. 
horror-stricken, horror-struck (hor ' or - 
strik"n, -struk), a. Struck with horror; hor- 
rified. 
horry (hor'i), a. See hory. 
horst, An obsolete spelling of horsei, in Mid- 
die English both singular and plural. 
hors concours (or kon-kor'). [F., out of com- 
petition: hors, out; concours, competition.] Not 
entered for competition : said of a work of art 
in an exhibition. 
hors de combat (or de kon-ba'). [F., out of 
the fight: hors, prep., out, beyond, < L. foris, 
out of doors, without (see forisfamiliate, for- 
feit); de, < L. de, of; combat, fight: see combat.] 
Out of the fight; disabled; unable to take fur- 
ther part in the struggle. 
hors-d'oeuvre (or'devr' ), . [F., lit. out of work : 
hors, out; de, of (see hors de combat); ceuvre, 
work (see we).] In gastronomy, something 
served not as a part of a course; a relish, as 
radishes, pickles, and the like. 
Tried all hors-d'cewres, all liqueurs denned, 
Judicious drank, and greatly daring dined. 
Pope, Dunciad, iv. 317. 
horse 1 (hdrs), n. [< ME. hors (pi. hors and 
horses), < AS. hors (pi. hors) = OS. hors, hros 
(hross-) = OFries. hors, hars = D. ros = OHG. 
hros, ros, MHG-. ros (ross-), G. ross ( > It. rozza = 
Pr. rossa = F. rosse, a jade) = Icel. hross, hors 
= Sw. Dan. dial, hors, a horse. Root uncer- 
tain ; some connect the word with AS. horse = 
MHG. rosch, swift, referring both to a root 
shown in L. currere (for *cnrsere%), run: see 
current 1 . The Indo-Eur. word for 'horse' is 
that represented by Skt. acva = Gr. ITTTTOC = L. 
equus = AS. coh, etc.: see Equus. The ordi- 
nary Teut. terms outside of E. are D. paard, G. 
pferd (see palfrey); Sw. hast, Dan. hest (see 
frenchman) ; the Rom. words are F. cheval, Sp. 
caballo, etc. (see cheval, caple*-, cavalry, etc.).] 
1. A solidungulate perissodactyl mammal of 
the family Eqitida! and genus Equus; E. cabal- 
lus. It has a flowing mane and tail, comparatively small 
erect ears, comparatively large rounded hoofs, shapely 
head, arched neck, a callosity on the inner side of the hind 
2889 
leg below the hock, in addition to one on the fore leg above 
the so-culled "knee, "and a peculiar voice called a ''neigh." 
These arc the principal distinctive characters of the ex- 
isting horses, of whatever variety, in comparison with the 
asses and zebras, which are commonly placed in the same 
genus (Equus). The horse has no distinctive coloration, 
but is never conspicuously striped in any regular pattern, 
and seldom shows even the dorsal and shoulder stripe 
characteristic of the ass, though there is often an indica- 
tion of this marking in horses which have reverted to a 
feral state and tend to assume a dun color. The horse 
is now known only as a domesticated and artificially bred 
animal, though in both North and .South America, in Aus- 
tralia, and in some parts of Asia the descendants of do- 
mesticated ancestors run wild in troops. The native 
country of the horse and the period of its subjection to 
man are unknown. Animals congeneric with the present 
horse, if not conspeciflc, have left their remains with those 
of the mammoth and other extinct animals in the bone- 
caves of both the old and new worlds, but the genus 
Equus appears not to have been fully established before 
the close of the Pliocene. The evolution of the modern 
forms has been traced back through the whole Tertiary 
the Eocene, ill me course 01 mis evolutionary aerico t- 
observed a very gradual and unbroken geologic pedigree, 
going back to a small animal, not larger than a fox, with 
several separate toes on each foot. The size has steadily 
increased, and other progressive modifications, especially 
of the limbs, have resulted in the existing horse in all 
its numberless artificial breeds, races, and strains, com- 
bining in various degrees the qualities of size, strength, 
Horse. 
a, muzzle ; b, eullet ; c, crest ; rf, withers ; e, chest ; _/, loins ; , 
girth ; h, hip or ilium ; t, croup : , haunch or quarters ; /, thigh : rn t 
nock ; , shank or cannon ; o, fetlock ; /, pastern ; y, shoulder-bone 
or scapula : r, elbow ; s, fore thigh, or arm ; t, knee ; it, coronet ; 7', 
hoof ; -w, point of hock ; x, hamstring ; zx, height. 
speed, and bottom. Two breeds namely, the large, 
powerful, black breed of Flanders, and the Arabian 
have contributed more than all others to develop the 
present varieties. The former laid the foundation of size, 
strength, and vigor for draft-horses and for those former- 
ly used in war ; while, when mailed armor was laid aside, 
and the horse began to be used for the chase, the latter 
conferred the speed and endurance which distinguish the 
hunter. The ladies' palfrey is largely derived from the 
Spanish genet, a small, beautiful, fleet variety of the 
Moorish barb. The race-horse has less of Flemish and 
more of Arabian blood. Other leading varieties are the 
Suffolk Punch and Clydesdale, both chiefly of Flemish 
blood, and best for draft and agriculture ; and several va- 
rieties of ponies, as Galloway, Shetland, etc. Carriage, 
riding, and other horses combine the above breeds in va- 
rying degrees, as speed, endurance, strength, or size, etc. , 
may be required. Horses are said to have "blood "or 
" breeding " in proportion as they have a greater or less 
strain of Arab blood. The wild horse of Tatary is called 
a tarpan, that of northern Africa a koomrah, and that of 
America a muxtang, the last being descended from im- 
ported Spanish parents. The male of the horse is a stal- 
lion; when gelded, a gelding ; the female is a mare; the 
young, a foal if a male, a colt, if a female, a filly. The 
colt and filly become "of age" when the " corner-nippers " 
(outer incisors) attain functional development. The age 
of the horse may be determined by the marks on the front 
teeth, which change with the wearing down of the crowns 
by use. When the mark disappears, as it generally does 
in the eighth or ninth year, the horse is " aged." The pe- 
riod of gestation is eleven months, and foals are generally 
dropped in the spring. Horses vary greatly in size, some 
standing more than twice as high as others. Very small 
horses are called ponies, as those bred in Shetland. 
A-noon he made tweyne of his sones for to make hem 
redy and sette hem on two swifte horse. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 526. 
Hast thou given the horse strength ? hast thon clothed 
his neck with thunder? Job x\\i\. 19. 
The horse that guide the golden eye of heaven, 
And blow the morning from their nostrils. Marlowe. 
In the earliest period, the Horse seems to have been the 
favourite animal for sacrifice ; there is no doubt that be- 
fore the introduction of Christianity its flesh was univer- 
sally eaten. Grimm, Teut. Mythol. (trans.), I. 47. 
2. pi. In zodl., the horse family, or Equid.ee; 
the species of the genus Equus and related 
genera. These include all the existing asses of the re- 
stricted genus Asinus, and the quagga, danw, and zebra, 
of the restricted genus HippotiyriJi, together with all the 
extinct forms of the Tertiary period which, however dif- 
ferent from the modern horse, are connected closely by 
intermediate links. See Equido?. 
3. The male of the horse kind, in distinction 
from the female or mare ; a stallion or gelding. 
Lo, the unback'd breeder, full of fear, 
Jealous of catching, swiftly doth forsake him, 
With her the horse, and left Adonis there. 
Shale., Venus and Adonis, 1. 322. 
horse 
No cow-boy ever rides anything but hones, because 
mares give great trouble where all the animals have to be 
herded together. T. Roosevelt, The Century, XXXV. 656. 
4. A body of troops serving on horseback ; cav- 
alry : in this sense a collective noun, used also 
as a plural: as, a regiment of horse. 
Our nineteen legions thou shall hold by land, 
And our twelve thousand horse. 
Shale., A. and C., UL 7. 
The horse was the first that marched o'er, 
The foot soon followed a'ter. 
The Boyne Water (Child's Ballads, VII. 254). 
Back fly the scenes, and enter foot and horse; 
Pageauts on pageants in long order drawn. 
Pope, Imit of Horace, II. i. 315. 
5. A frame, block, board, or the like, on which 
something is mounted or supported, or the use 
of which is in any way analogous to that of a 
horse. Compare etymology of easefl. 
A kind of horse, as it is called with you, with two poles 
like those of chairmen, was the vehicle; on which is se- 
cured a sort of elbow-chair in which the traveller sits. 
Richardson, Sir Charles Grandison, IV. 299. 
Specifically (a) A vaulting-block in a gymnasium, (b) 
A wooden frame on which soldiers are made to ride as 
a punishment : sometimes called a timber mare, (c) A 
saw-horse, (d) A clothes-horse, (e) A curriers' board, 
used in dressing hides. (/) In printing, a sloping board, 
with its support, placed on the bank close to the tympan 
of a hand-press, on which is laid the paper to be printed. 
(g) A support for the cables of a suspension-bridge. (A) 
A board on which the workman sits in grinding the bevels 
and edges of tools in their manufacture. Also horsing. 
6. In mining, a mass of rock inclosed within a 
lode or vein, usually of the same material as 
the " country," or rock adjacent to the lode on 
each side. 
The miner takes his chance of luck. He is generally 
content if he manages to pay his way along while the ores 
are poor; to lay by a little for the day when a horse or 
cut makes its appearance in the vein, confident that sooner 
or later he may strike a rich stretch of ore. 
Quoted in Jtouiry's Arizona and Sonora, p. 128. 
7. In metal., same as bear, 7. 8. An imple- 
ment or a device for some service suggesting 
or supposed to suggest that of a horse, specifi- 
cally (a) A clamp for holding screws for filing, (ft) A 
hook-shaped tool used in making raised or hammered 
work, (c) A wedge passed through a pin to tighten the 
contact of the pieces which the pin holds together. 
Thanne is ther a large pyn in maner of an extre that goth 
thorow the hole that halt the tables of the clymates and 
the riet in the wombe of the moder thorw wich pyn ther 
goth a litel wegge which that is cleped the hors, that 
streyneth alle thise parties to hepe. 
Chaucer, Astrolabe, L 14. 
(d) ffaut. : (It) A foot-rope. (2) A jack-stay, on the for- 
ward or after side of a mast, on which a sail or yard is 
hoisted. (3) A traveler for the sheet-block of a fore-and- 
aft sail, consisting of a horizontal bar of wood or iron. 
A horse ... is used in sailing craft generally, for sheets 
to travel upon. Qualtrough, Boat Sailer's Manual, p. 34. 
(4) The iron bar between the posts of a fife-rail to which 
the leading-blocks are fastened. 
9. A translation or similar forbidden aid used 
by a pupil in the preparation of his lessons ; a 
' ' pony " ; a " trot " ; a " crib " : so called as help- 
ing the pupil to get on faster. [School and 
college slang.] 10. Among British workmen, 
work charged for before it is executed. lit. 
A term of opprobrium . Compare ass 1 , similar- 
ly used. 
Your mayor (a very horse, and a traitor to our city) . . . 
must quarrel with the boys at their recreations. 
British Bellman, 1648 (Harl. Misc., VII. 635). 
[Horse, as the first element of a compound, indicates a 
large or coarse thing of ite kind : as, Aore-chestnut, horse- 
crab, Aorge-mackerel, Aorge-play, etc.] Barbary horse. 
Same as barbs, i. Dark horse, (a) In horse-racing, a 
horse whose performances or capabilities are not gener- 
ally known, or concerning whose chances of success in a 
pending race little or no information is to be had. 
The first favourite was never heard of, the second fa- 
vourite was never seen after the distance post, all the ten- 
to-oners were in the race, and a dark horse which had never 
been thought of rushed past the grand stand in sweeping 
triumph. Disraeli, Young Duke, Ii. 5. 
Hence (6) Any competitor for or recipient of a prize, hon- 
ors, or office concerning whom nothing certain is known, 
or whose Identity is at first concealed, as for reasons of 
strategy; one who is unexpectedly brought forward as a 
candidate, or for nomination in a convention : much used 
in American politics. 
Every now and then a dark horse is heard of, who is 
supposed to have done wonders at some obscure small 
college. Cambridge Sketches. 
Polk was what, in the political slang of to-day, is called 
"a dark horse" ; but as to the test question, he could have 
been Implicitly trusted. 
H. von Hoist, John C. Calhoun, p. 244. 
Entire horse. See entire. Flemish horse, a short 
foot-rope on a topsail-yard, outside the foot-rope proper, 
used in reefing or other work at the yard-arm. See cut on 
following page. Green horse, in sporting. See the ex- 
tract 
A green horse is one that has never trotted or paced for 
premiums or money, either double or single. 
Rules Nat. Trotting Assoc.,p. 51. 
Horned horse, the gnn, Catoblepa* or Connochcetes gnu. 
See cut under gnu. Horse and foot, or horse, foot, 
