hospital 
2896 
for syphilitic cases, and seems to have given the name to The open-handed spirit, frank and blithe, 
hospitals of that class. Magdalen hospital, a house or Of ancient hospitality. Lou-ell, Under the Willows 
establishment into which prostitutes are received with a T.-__.4. , ,, ,, , . t , ,. 
view to their reformation ; a female reformatory. Also hOSpltal-Shlp (hos pi-tal-ship), n. A vessel fit- 
called Maydalen asylum. Marine hospital, a hospital ted up for the care of sick or wounded seamen, 
established at a seaport or elsewhere for the relief of sick or of patients taken from a ship in quarantine 
seamen. In the Imted states a marine hospital for raer- hnsnitatp* rhnq'ni tst\ r I Y 1 I,,,.,};/!,,.? *!, 
chant seamen, under the charge of the supervising sur- n " S ' llale t l PV." * L< !-> MffOm i. dtp., 
Keen-general, an officer of the Treasury Department, has 
been established at nearly every large seaport and at 
several stations on the lakes and rivers. Matarnity 
hospital, a hospital for the reception of women about to 
give birth to children. Naval hospital, in the United 
States, a hospital for the medical care of officers and men 
of the navy, under charge of naval surgeons. Special 
hospital, one of a class of hospitals set apart for the re- 
ception and treatment of cases in certain special diseases, 
or in special emergencies, as smallpox, ophthalmic, and 
lying-in hospitals, hospitals for incurables, etc. 
hospitalaryt, [< V 
pitaler.] A hospital 
The Order of the Dutch knights, commonly called the 
Hospitalaries of lerusalem. Hakluyt's Voyaget, I. 144. 
be a guest, ML. hospitare, act or entertain as 
a guest, < hospes (hospit-), a guest, a host: see 
host 2 , >i. and r.] I. trans. To receive with hos- 
pitality ; treat as a guest. 
II. iiitrans. To be the recipient of hospital- 
ity ; reside or lodge as a guest. 
That always chooses an empty shell, and this hoepitates 
with the living animal in the same shell. 
If. Grew, Museum. 
aflLtuo iul 1HI*U1<IM1VD, GW*. , . , 
[< ML. hospitalarius: see hos- hOSpltia, n. Plural of hospitium. 
italer. hospiticidet(hos-pit'i-sid),. [<L 
< L. hospes (hospit-), a" guest (see host 2 ),'+ -cida'. 
killer, < ccedere, kill.] One who mui " 
r .. guests. Bailey, 1731. 
, n. [Also written hos- hospitioust (hos-pish'us), a. [< L. hospi .. 
-T>, i> hos i", te ^ r ' h ospMer, < hospitality (see hospice), + E. -ous.] Hospita- 
= Pr. hospitaletr, espitaler = ble 
Sp. hpspitalero = Pg. hospitaleiro, < ML. hospi- 
talarius, (. hospitale, a hospital: see hospital and 
-er 1 .] One devoted to the care of the sick or the 
needy in a hospital or hospitals ; specifically, a 
member of one of the medieval communities of 
laymen, monks, knights, etc., who bound them- 
selves to observe certain monastic rules, gen- hospitium (hos-pish'i-um), n.; pi. hospitia (-a), 
erally the rule of Augustine, and to devote [L-: see hospice.] 1. An inn or a place for the 
themselves to the care of the poor and the sick reception of strangers; a hospice. 2. In Eng. 
in hospitals. The principal order was the Brethren of low, an inn of court. 
the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, founded for pil- hospodar (hos'po-dar), n. [< Rum. hosnodar, 
gnms at Jerusalem about A. D. 1048. They are best known IT n ,, P ,. Sorhinn hninnAnr T />< <!,.> i. , 
as the Knights Hospitalers, or Knights of k John (in full, V PP ^ "Oroian /ios/>odar, Lo ^ er Serbian (jospo- 
Knights Hospitalers of the Order of St John of Jerusa- elar > ^ ol - hospodar (borrowed), prop, gospodarz, 
lemX and in history as Knights of Rhodes or of Malta. Serv. gospodar, Russ. gospodare, OBulg. gospo- 
(See below.) The Teutonic Knights developed in a similar dare, etc., lord, master, < OBulg. HUBS, t/ospode, 
way. Other orders were the Hospitalers of Burgos, Hospi- B,,! nn ,L t ,i cL,,, , ], i *C f i 
tal Brethren of the Holy Spirit etc % ?' 9?l> oa > berv - gospod, etc., lord, the Lord, 
God, = L. hospes (hospit-), host : see host 2 .] A 
title of dignity formerly borne bv the 
We glory in th' hospitiout rites our grandslres did com- 
mend. Chapman, Iliad, vi. 
Ouse, having Ouleney past, . . . 
Through those rich fields doth run, till lastly, in her pride, 
The shire's hogpitious town she in her course divide. 
Drayton, Polyolbion, xxii. 24. 
foundacioun. 
Amalric, leaving Cyprus under the administration of 
the Hospitallers, transferred his court to Acre. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 171. 
-lie [ll>KU<l<><-<CX jmuue IlUle - nr 1 J l TTT n T 
Mandeville, Travels, p. 81. P"nces of Moldavia and Wallachia, in earlier 
times by the princes of Lithuania and the kings 
of Poland, and still used as a title (gositdar) of 
,. the Czar of Russia. 
Order of the Hospitalers of St. John of Jerusalem host 1 (host), n. [< ME. host.ost, < OF. host = 
Pr. ost = Sp. hoste, hueste = Pg. hoste = It. oste, 
a host, an army, < L. hostis, OL. fastis, a stran- 
ger, foreigner, enemy, pi. hostes, the enemy, 
hence in ML. sing, hostis, an army ; = OBulg. 
Russ., etc., goste, a guest, visitor/stranger, = 
AS. gast, E. guest, etc.: see guest 1 . Hence host 2 
(a contracted compound), and possibly 
a body of military monks, which took its origin from an 
earlier community, not military in character, under whose 
auspices a hospital and a church had been founded in 
Jerusalem. Its military organization was perfected in 
the twelfth century. After the retaking of Jerusalem by 
the Moslems, these knights defended Acre in vain, took 
shelter in Cyprus, and in the fourteenth century occupied 
the island of Rhodes. In 1522 the island of Rhodes was 
seized by the Turks, and the knights, after some wander- v """"; <-"' tviu^vuuu;, BU u yussiuiy nvsi", 
ision of the island of Malta, the 3- V -J * An army ; a multitude of menorgan- 
ings, were given 
government of which island they administered until it was 
occupied by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798. The badge of the 
order was the cross of eight points, without any central 
disk, and consisting in fact of four barbed arrow-heads 
meeting at their points, the well-known Maltese cross. 
This is modified in modern times, with slight differences 
for the different nations in which branches of the order 
have survived. At different times the order has been called 
officially Knights of Rhodes ta\A Knighla of Malta. Itmain 
tains to the present day a certain independent existence : 
but until 187D there was no grand master, and the order 
was governed by a council residing at Rome. The ap- 
pointment of a new grand master in 1879 may denote some 
change in the constitution of the order. That branch of 
the order called the bailiwick of Brandenburg was re- 
vived and recognized as a separate order by the Kine of 
Prussia in 1852. 
hospital-fever (hos'pi-tal-fever), n. 1. Ty- 
phus fever. 2. Pyemia. 
hospitalism (hos'pi-tal-izm), n. [< hospital + 
-i'snt.] The hygienic evils incident to old, 
crowded, and carelessly conducted hospitals, 
especially the liability under such conditions 
to erysipelas, septicemia, etc. The term was 
introduced by Sir J. Simpson of Edinburgh in 
1869. 
The sick require protection against the evils which they 
themselves create, and which collectively are known as 
hotpitalism. The Nation, Dec. 16, 1875, p. 888, note. 
hospitality (hos-pi-tal'i-ti), n. ; pi. hospitali 
ties (-tiz). [< F. hospitalitd = Pr. hospitalita 
= Sp. hospitalidad = Pg. hospitalida'de = It. 
ospitalitd, < L. hospitalita(t-)s, hospitality, < 
hospitalis, hospitable: see hospital, a.] The 
act or practice of one who is hospitable ; re- 
ception and entertainment of strangers or 
guests without reward, or with liberality and 
kindness. 
ized for war. 
In that See was Pharao drowned and alle his Hi ost that 
he ladde. MandeMle, Travels, p. 57. 
A host so great as covered all the field. Dryden. 
He strove with the heathen host in vain, 
And fell with the flower of his people slain. 
Lryant, Rizpah. 
2. Any great number or multitude. 
Evening approached ; but, oh ! what hosts of foes 
Were never to behold that evening close ! 
Addison, The Campaign. 
Arm'd himself in panoply complete 
Of heav'nly temper, (he] furnishes with arms . . . 
The sacramental host of Coil's elect ! 
Coicper, Task, ii. 349. 
Host of heaven, the heavenly bodies ; the sun, moon, 
and stars. 
Lest thou, . . . when thou seest the sun, and the moon, 
and the stars, even all the host 0} heaven, shouldest be 
driven to worship them. Deut. iv. 19. 
The golden sun, 
The planets, all the infinite host of heaven. 
Bryant, Thanatopsis. 
Lord Of hosts, a title of Jehovah, found more than 260 
times in the Old Testament ; sometimes also Lord God of 
hosts, or God of hosts. The term hosts in this phrase in- 
cludes all the myriads of angels who people the celestial 
spheres, and includes the celestial spheres themselves. 
It is probably given with reference to the idolatrous wor- 
ship of Jehovah, and as a means of asserting His universal 
supremacy. 
lOSt 1 (host), v. i. [< host 1 , n. Cf. hosting, n.] 
To assemble or move as an army. [Rare.] 
The prince of Wales was ready in the field with hys 
people, and advanced forward with them towarde his host"* (host), n. 
enimies, an hosting pace. Holinshed. 
With scanty force, where should he lift the steel, 
While hosting foes immeasurably wheel? 
J. Barlow, Vision of Columbus, vi. 
J^HusCffisar made his abode here, who kept very hon- host 2 (host^ n. [< ME. host, ost, hoste, oste, < 
host 
a stranger (see host 1 ), + -pes (-pit-), connected 
with potis, powerful, orig. lord, == Gr. -troTrjs in 
fojTrOTTC, lord, master (see despot), = Skt.pati, 
master, governor, lord: see potent, posse. From 
this L. hospes are derived also E. hospitable, 
hospital, hospitate, hostel, hostler, ostler, hostelry, 
hotel, spittle 2 , etc.] 1. One who receives and 
entertains another in his own house, whether 
gratuitously or for pay; an entertainer; spe- 
cifically, the landlord of a public house or inn : 
the correlative of guest 1 . 
Greet chiere made oure host us everichon. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 747. 
Homer never entertained either guests or hosts with 
long speeches till the mouth of hudger be stopped. 
Sir f. Sidney. 
London hath receiv'd, 
Like a kind host, the dauphin and his powers. 
Shak., H. John, v. 1. 
2. An animal or a plant in relation to a para- 
site habitually dwelling in or upon it. The cor- 
relative term, in either case, is guest. See com- 
iiH'uml, i/iiest 1 , inguiline, parasite, hyperparasite. 
(a) In botany the term is used chiefly with reference to 
parasitic fungi, such as (7redincce, U 'stilatjinece, Erysiphece, 
etc. Some species of fungi are confined to a single host, 
some are found on a number of related plants, while others 
pass through the different stages of their development on 
very unlike hosts, as, for example, the hetercecions rusts. 
The term is also applied to the plants upon which the dod- 
der (Ci<(o), the mistletoe (Viscum, Phoiadeiidrvn), and 
others are parasitic. 
That curious phenomenon included under the term het- 
erreclsm, which consists in the growth of one generation 
of a parasitic Fungus upon one host, and the development 
of another generation upon a different host. 
Uncyc. Brit., IV. 162. 
(<<) In zoology the term is a very general and comprehen- 
sive one, since almost all animals are infested, or liable to 
infestation, by parasites of some kind ; and some parasites 
are themselves hosts of others. 
Almost every group of birds becomes the host of some 
specific or varietal form [of parasites] with distinct adap- 
tations. Nature, XXX. 621. 
3. In mineral., a mineral which incloses another. 
4f. One who is entertained by another as his 
guest ; a guest. 
Than he made his hoste the beste chere that he myght, 
and made hem rlchely be serued at ese in a feire chambre. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), Hi. 684. 
5f. [With sense of L. hospitium: see hospice.] 
An inn ; a lodging. 
Make redy to me an ooste or hous for to dwelle inne 
Wyelif, Phil. 22 (Orf.). 
This mayden that was feire com to Bredigan, where-as 
the kynge soiourned, and was at hoste with a riche bur- 
geys. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), U. 171. 
Your goods, that lay at host, sir, in the Centaur. 
Shak., C. of E., v. 1. 
To reckon without (or formerly before) one's host, to 
count up the cost of one's entertainment without consult- 
ing the host or landlord (whose reckoning is likely to be 
higher, or at least more careful) ; hence, not to consider all 
the circumstances ; to reach a conclusion on insufficient 
data, or without taking into account some important fact 
or facts. 
But the! reclrened before their host, and so payed more 
then their shotte came to. 
Hall, Henry VI., f. 49. (Hallimll.) 
The old English proverb telleth us that "they that 
reckon without their host are to reckon twice " ; and so it 
fared with this infatnated people. 
11 t'!i I in, Hist. Reformation, I. 93. 
iOSt 2 t (host), f. [< OF. hosier, oster, < L. hos- 
pitare, lodge, < hospes (hopit-), a host, a guest: 
see host 2 , n. Cf. hospitate.] I. intrans. To 
lodge, as at an inn ; receive entertainment ; be 
a guest. [Rare.] 
They say that God talks with him face to face, 
Boasts at his house. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Vocation. 
Go, bear it to the Centaur, where we host. 
Shak., C. of E.,L 2. 
II. trans. To give entertainment to ; receive 
as a guest. 
Such was that Hag, unmeet to hnxt such guests. 
Spenser, F. Q., IV. viii. 27. 
And caused hym to be hosted with a worshypfull man of 
that citie called Chremes. 
Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, ii. 12. 
ourable hospitality in this Citie. Coryat, Crudities, 1. 126. 
I could not but take particular notice of the lesson of 
hospitality the governor taught . . . by distributing about 
to all the Arabs of the good fare they had brought, even 
before he had served himself. 
Pococke, Description of the East, I. 48. 
Lifting the ceremonious three-cornered hut, and offer- 
ing the fugacious hospitalities of the snuff-box. 
Lowell, Cambridge Thirty Years Ago. 
, 
OF. hoste, F. hfte = Pr. hoste, oste = Sp. It. 
oste, a host, innkeeper, < L. hospes (hospit-), 
fern, hospita, an entertainer, a host, also a so- 
journer, visitor, guest; hence, a foreigner, a 
stranger; prob. contr. of orig. "hostipes ("hosti- 
pit-),lit. ' guest-master,'one who receives guests 
or strangers (= OBulg. Russ., etc., gospode, 
lord, master, the Lord: see hospodar), < hostis, 
[< ME. host, hoste, hoost, oost, 
also hostic, < OF. hostie, F. hostie = Pr. Sp. Pg. 
hostia = It. ostia, a sacrifice or thing sacrificed, 
< L. hostia, OL. fostia, an animal sacrificed, a 
victim, sacrifice (in ML. applied to the conse- 
crated bread), prob. < hostire (OL.), strike; cf. 
hasta, a spear: see hastate, and gad 1 , goad 1 .] 
It. An offering; a sacrifice. 
Anon, said Isaac; Father, heerl see 
Knife, fire and faggot, ready instantly: 
But wher's your Hoste? 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Fathers. 
2. In the Western Ch.: (a) The sacramental vic- 
tim in the eucharist; Christ offered under the 
