host 
species of bread and wine, or under either spe- 
cies separately. According to the teaching of the Ro- 
man Catliolic Church, not only is Christ as both God and 
Han in the sacrament of Ihe eucharist and in every part of 
it, but the substances of bread and wine cease to exist after 
consecration. The outward acts of adoration are there- 
fore not directed to bread and wine, but only to Christ; 
and the sacrament is accordingly to be worshiped with 
latria, the worship duo to God only. 
The priests were singing, and the organ sounded, 
And then anon the great cathedral bell. 
It was the elevation of the Host. 
Longfellow, Spanish Student, i. 3. 
(6) One of the pieces of bread used for conse- 
cration in the mass or eucharist ; an altar-bread, 
oblate, or wafer. It is unleavened, small, thin, flat, 
circular, and generally stamped with a cross, IHS., the fig- 
ure of the crucified Christ, or the Agnus Dei. The word 
is used both of the unconsecrated bread and of the sacra- 
ment under the form of bread. See altar-bread, oblate. 
After the consecration I in the Mozarabic missal] the host 
is broken into nine fragments, which are so arranged on 
the paten as to form a cross. 
Itoik, Church of our Fathers, i. 105. 
Adoration Of the Host, in the Rom. Cath. Ch. , the act of 
reverence or worship shown to the sacrament of the eu- 
charist as Christ's body and blood ; latria or divine wor- 
ship rendered to Christ under the sacramental species, 
especially that of bread. The Host is adored immediately 
after consecration and at other times, as when taken by a 
priest to a sick person. Blood of the Host. See bloody 
bread, under bloody. Elevation Of the Host. See ele- 
vation, 7. 
host 3 *, . t. [< hosts, .] To administer the 
sacrament to. Nares. 
He fell sick and like to die, whereupon he was shriven 
and would have been hosted, and he durst not for fear of 
casting. Scogan's Jests, p. 27. 
host 1 (host), n. Same as hoast. [Scotch.] 
hostage 1 (hos'taj), n. [< ME. hostage, ostage, 
< OF. hostage, ostage, mod. F. dtage = Pr. ostatge 
= Sp. Itostaje = It. ostaggio, also statico (ML. 
reflex hostagium, hostaticum), < ML.'o&sidaizcws, 
a hostage, < LL. obsidatus, the condition of a 
hostage, < L. obses (obsid-), OL. opses, a host- 
age, a surety, pledge, lit. one who remains be- 
hind (with the enemy), < obsidere, sit, stay, re- 
main, abide, < ob, at, on, about (see oft-), + se- 
dere = E. sit. The initial h is unoriginal, and is 
due to simulation of L. hostis, enemy: see has 'ft. ] 
1. A person given or held as a pledge of or se- 
curity for the performance of certain stipula- 
tions, as those of a treaty, or the satisfaction of 
certain demands. 
He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to 
fortune ; for they are impediments to great enterprises, 
either of virtue or mischief. 
Bacon, Marriage and Single Life (ed. 1887). 
But the king had alienated them by his mistrust, and 
had confined the lord Strange, son of lord Stanley, as a 
hostage for his father's fidelity. Stubbs, Const. Hist. , 362. 
2. A thing given as a pledge. [Rare.] 
And hostage from the future took 
In trained thought and lore of book. 
WIMtier, Snow-Bound. 
hostage 1 !-, t- [< hostage^, n.'} To give as a 
hostage. 
Nor is it likely now they would haue so hostaged their 
men, suffer the building of a Fort, and their women and 
children amongst them, had they intended any villainy. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, II. 90. 
hostage 2 !, [< ME. hostage, ostage, < OF. host- 
age, ostage, houstage, lodging, < hosier, oster, 
lodge: see host 2 , .] An inn; a lodging. 
He's on to the hostage gone, 
Asking there for charitie. 
Willie Wallace (Child's Ballads, VI. 234). 
hostage-house!, . An inn ; a hostel. 
No news hae I this day to thee, 
But fifteen lords in the hostage-house 
Waiting Wallace for to see. 
Willie Wallace (Child's Ballads, VI. 233). 
hostagert, n. [< hostage^ + -cr 1 .] A hostage. 
The same season ther wer styll in England hostagers, the 
erle Dolphyn of Auuergne, therle of Porseen, the lorde of 
Mallurer, and dyuers other. 
Bcmerts, tr. of Froissart's Chron., I. ccxlvi. 
hostayt, v. i. [< ME. hostayen, < OF. 'hosteier, 
hostoicr, ostoier (= Pr. osteiar = It. osteggiarc), 
make a hostile incursion, < host, ost, a host: see 
hosft."] To make a hostile incursion or foray. 
" Bee Estyre," sais the emperour, "I ettylle myselfene, 
To hostaye in Almayne with armede knyghtez." 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 555. 
hostel (hos'tel), . [< ME. hostel, ostel, hostell, 
< OF. hostel, ostel, hoiistel, hosteil, etc., F. hotel 
(> E. hotel, q. v.) = Pr. hostal, ostal= Sp. hostnl 
= It. ostale, also ostello, < ML. hospitale, a large 
house, a palace, an inn: see hospital, which is 
the fuller form of the same word, hotel and spit- 
tle 2 \>e\ng other forms.} 1. A house of enter- 
tainment ; an inn. 
Now up the hedc, for al is wel ; 
Seynt Julyan, lo, bon hostel ! 
Chaucer, House of Kame, 1. 1022. 
2897 
Than departed the knyghtes, and wente to theire hos- 
telles for to slepe and resteu. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 4(iu. 
And thus our lonely lover rorle away, 
And pausing at a husfel in a marsh, 
There fever seized upon him. 
Tennyson, Lover's Tale, iv. 
2. In English universities, a house for students 
which does not share like a college in the gov- 
ernment of the university. There are still sev- 
eral hostels in Cambridge. 
There are also in Oxford certeine hostels or hals, which 
may right well be called by the names of colleges, if it 
were not that there is more libertle in them than is to be 
seen in the other. Holinshed, Descrip. of England, iii. 
The inconvenience and discomfort of this system, to- 
gether with its moral dangers, led to the establishment of 
what were afterwards known as Hostels, due apparently 
to the voluntary action of the students themselves, "who 
with the connivance of the University," according to Dr. 
Caius, "rented any empty houses from the townspeople 
they could obtain possession of, which they termed Hos- 
tels or literary Inns." Quarterly Rev., CXLV. 404. 
There arose at Paris hostels or houses set apart for the 
various nations, where lodging and some sort of protec- 
tion and superintendence might be obtained at a moder- 
ate cost, Laurie, Universities, xiii. 
3f. Lodging. 
For his love shull ye haue hostell at youre volunte. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 606. 
The x. artycle. And that no man take hostel [var. osta;re, 
Index, p. 2) within y wallis of London nor in Portsonth 
by strengthe nor by lyueraunce of the Marchal. 
Charter o/ London, Rich. II. (Arnold s Chron., p. 17). 
hostelt, v, [< ME. hostelen, < OF. hosteler, oste- 
ler, < hostel, a hostel : see hostel, n.~\ I. trans. 
To harbor ; shelter. 
And alle that fleble and faynt be that Faith may noust 
teche, 
Hope shal lede hem forth with loue as his lettre telleth, 
And hostel hem and hele thorw holicherche bileue. 
Piers Plomnan (B), xvii. 118. 
II. intrans. To take lodging; lodge; put up. 
To Emails castelle can thai pas 
There hostyld thay alle thre. 
Towneley Mysteries, p. 289. 
hosteler (hos'tel-er), 11. [Also osteler; in mod. 
use chiefly in the contr. form hostler, ostler, q. 
v. ; < ME. hosteler, hostiler, osteler, hosteller, hos- 
tiller, ostiller, ostler, etc., < OF. hosteller, F. ho- 
telier = Pr. hostalier, ostelier = OSp, hostalero 
= It. ostelliere (ML. reflex hosteltarius, in def. 
3), < ML. hospitalarius, one who entertains 
guests, a hospitaler, < hospitale, a large build- 
ing, an inn, a hostel, hospital: see hospitaler, 
which is a doublet of hosteler, hostler and ostler 
being reduced forms.] If. An innkeeper. 
He knew the tavernes wel in every toun, 
And everych hostiler and tappestere. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 241. 
What office then doth the star gazer bear? 
Or let him be the heaven's osteler, 
Or tapster some, or some be chamberlain, 
To wait upon the guests they entertain. 
Bp. Hall, Satires, II. vii. 40. 
2. A student in a hostel at Oxford or Cam- 
bridge in England. See hostel, 2. 3. [Also hos- 
teller, archaically hostillar; ML. hostellarius.'] 
Eecles., formerly, the monk who entertained 
the guests in a monastery Hosteler external, 
the monk who relieved those who came to the gates of 
the monastery. Hosteler intrinsic, the monk who en- 
tertained the guests residing in the monastery. 
hostelmentt, See hustlement. 
hostelry (hos'tel-ri), re. ; pi. hostelries (-riz). 
[Formerly also ostelry; < ME. hostelrie, ostelrie, 
< OF. hostelerie, F. hotellerie (= Pr. ostalaria), 
< hostel, a hostel: see hostel and -ry.~] An inn; 
a lodging-house. 
I never yet lodged in a hostelrie, 
But I paid my lawing before I gaed. 
Kinmont Willie (Child's Ballads, VI. 60). 
"The Egyptians," we are told by Diodorus, "call their 
houses hostelries, on account of the short time during which 
they inhabit them ; but the tombs they call eternal dwell- 
ing-places." Faiths of the World, p. 141. 
hostess (hos'tes), n. [Formerly often hostis; 
< ME. liostes, "hostesse, ostesse, < OF. hostesse, 
F. hdtesse (= It. ostessa), fern, of hoste, a host: 
see host 1 * and -ess.~\ A female host; a woman 
who entertains guests; especially, a woman 
who keeps an inn. 
And therby is the houa of Martha, our Lordes hostes, 
and the hous of the sayd Mary Magdalene, whiche we vys- 
yted. Sir R. Guylforde, Pylgrymage, p. 40. 
I doubt not but at yonder tree I shall catch a Chub : and 
then we'll return to an honest cleanly hostess, that I know 
right well ; rest ourselves there ; and dress it for our din- 
ner. /. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 64. 
hostess-ship (hos'tes -ship), . [< hostess + 
-ship.'] The character or business of a hostess. 
It is my father's will I should take on me 
The huitess-ship o' the day. Shak., W. T., iv. 3. 
hosting 
host-houset, An ale-house for the reception 
of lodgers. Pegge; Halliwell. 
hosticide (hos'ti-sid), n. [< L. hostis, an ene- 
my, + -cida, < ctudere, kill.] One who kills an 
enemy. Wharton. 
hostiet, ". An obsolete form of host 3 . 
hostile (hos'til or -til), a. and n. [< F. hostile 
= Sp. Pg. liostil = It. ostile, < L. hostilis, of or 
belonging to an enemy, < hostis, an enemy: see 
host 1 .] f. a. 1. Of or pertaining to an enemy: 
as, hostile ground. 
With hostile forces he'll o'erspread the land. 
Shak., Pericles, 1. 2. 
Thus, great in glory, from the din of war 
Safe he return 'd without one hostile Bear. 
Pope, Odyssey, xi. 
2. Of inimical character or tendency; having 
or exhibiting enmity or antagonism; antago- 
nistic: as, a hostile manifesto; hostile criticism. 
One strong nation promises more durable peace, and a 
more extensive, valuable, and reliable commerce, than can 
the same nation broken into hos.ile fragments. 
Lincoln, in Raymond, p. 166. 
The Roman commonwealth fell, because it had become 
to a great extent hostile to freedom. 
E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 334. 
= Syn, 2. Averse, Adverse, Inimical, Hostile; unfriendly, 
warlike. Averse applies to feeling, adverse to action : as, 
I was very averse to his going ; an adverse vote ; adcerse 
fortune. Inim ual expresses both feeling and action, gen- 
erally in private affairs. Hostile also expresses both feel- 
ing and action, but applies especially to public nil airs ; 
where it applies to private matters, it expresses either 
strong or conspicuous action or feeling, or both, or all. 
I pleased, and with attractive graces won 
The most averse. Milton, P. L., ii. 763. 
In our proper motion we ascend 
Up to our native seat : descent and fall 
To us is adverse. Milton, F. L., ii. 77. 
We cannot admit that men who get a living by the 
pursuits of literature are at all competent to decide the 
question whether commerce or banking be inimical to 
poetry. W hippie, Ess. and Rev., I. 39. 
A higher mode of belief is the best exorciser, because it 
makes the spiritual at one with the actual world instead 
of hostile, or at best alien. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 149. 
II. n. An enemy; specifically, in the United 
States, a hostile Indian ; an Indian who is en- 
gaged in warfare against the whites. 
General Howard . . . moved on the hostiles. 
The Century, XXVIII. 135. 
hostilely (hos'til-li or -til-li), adv. In a hostile 
manner. 
hostilementt, n. See hustlement. 
hostility (hos-til'i-ti). n. ; pi. hostilities (-tiz). 
[< F. hostilitc = Pr. hostilitat = Sp. hostilidad 
= Pg. hostilidade = It. ostilita, < LL. hostili- 
ta(t-)s, enmity, < hostilis, hostile: see hostile.'] 
1 . The state of being hostile ; inimical feeling ; 
antagonism. 
Our ancestors, we suppose, knew their own meaning ; 
and, if we may believe them, their hostility was primarily 
not to popery, but to tyranny. Macaulay, Milton. 
2. Hostile action ; open opposition by war or 
other means ; especially, in the plural, acts of 
warfare. 
Take an oath . . . 
To honour me as thy king and sovereign ; 
And neither by treason, nor hostility, 
To seek to put me down, and reign thyself. 
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., i. 1. 
Hostility being thus suspended with France, prepara- 
tion was made for war against Scotland. Sir J. tlayward. 
One council fire is sufficient for the discussion and ar- 
rangement of a plan of hostilities. 
Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 346. 
Act of hostility. () Any act of a diplomatic, commer- 
cial, or military character which involves or tends to in- 
volve two or more nations or parties in war. (6) A hostile 
act which follows a declaration of war. = Syn. 1. Ani- 
mosity, Hi-will, Enmity (see animosity) ; unfriendliness, 
opposition, violence, aggression. 2. War, fighting. 
hostilize (hos'til-Iz), v. t.; pret. and pp. hostil- 
ised, ppr. hostilizing. [= Sp. Pg. hostilizar; 
as hostile + -ize.'] To make hostile ; cause to 
become an enemy. [Rare.] 
The powers already hoetilized against an impious nation. 
Seward, Letters (1794), iii. 376. 
hostillart, w. See hosteler. 
hosting (hos'ting), n. [Verbal n. of hosft, v.] 
A mustering or assemblage of armed men; a 
muster. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
This I have often hearde, that when the Lord Deputye 
hath raysed any generall hostinges, the noblemen have 
claymed the leading of them, by graunte from the Kinges 
of England under the Create Scale exhibited. 
Spenser, State of Ireland. 
Strange to us it seera'd, 
At first, that angel should with angel war, 
And in fierce hosting meet. Milton, P. L. , vi. 93. 
Do ye na ken, woman, that ye are bound to be liege vas- 
sals in all hunting, hosting, watching, and warding? 
Scott, Old Mortality, > ii. 
