Wagon Running-gears. 
a, a, tongue-hounds; b, b, 
hounds ; c, c, hind hounds ; 
d, coupling-pole, or reach ; e, 
tongue. 
hound 
braces for reinforcing various parts of the run- 
ning-gear of a vehicleGabriel hounds, in English 
folk-lore, a name given to vari- 
ous sounds heard high in the 
air after dark and in the early 
morning, resembling the cry of 
a pack of hounds ; in reality, 
the noise made by wild geese 
and curlews, but supposed to 
proceed from lost souls with 
which the angel Gabriel is 
hunting other souls. The 
sound is supposed to forebode 
trouble. Hare and hounds 
See harei. Pack of hounds. 
a number of hounds bred and 
trained together for hunting. 
A regularly established pack of 
foxhounds is commonly main- 
tained for the joint use and at 
the joint expense of the prin- 
cipal huntsmen of a district. 
under the charge of one of 
them called the "master of 
the hounds," who summons 
the association to a "meet" 
whenever a general hunt is 
intended. 
hound (hound), v. t. [< hound, .] 1. To set 
on the chase ; incite to pursuit. 
As he who only lets loose a greyhound out of the slip 
is said to hound him at the hare. Abp. Bramhall. 
2. To hunt or pursue with or as if with hounds : 
as, to hound deer. 
If the wolves had been hounded by tigers. 
Sir jR. L'EstrangK. 
3. To pursue or harass as if with hounds : as, 
to hound one on to ruin. 
I shall be hounded up and down the world ; 
Now every villain that is wretch enough 
To take the price of blood dreams of my throat 
Otway, Caius Marias, iv. 2. 
It is to be hounded off and shouted down. 
Pop. Sci. Ho., XXXIII. 68. 
4. To follow like a hound ; track ; trail. 
It is no more but by following and as it were hounding 
nature in her wanderings, to be able to lead her after- 
wards to the same place again. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
To hound out, to set on ; encourage to do injury to oth- 
ers. Jiibton-Turner, Vagrants and Vagrancy, p. 860 (note). 
[Slang.] 
hounder (houn'der), . One who pursues game 
with hounds: as, a deer-hounder. 
houndfish (hound'fish), . [< ME. Iwundfisch, 
hund-fisch, -fyssh ; < hound + fishl. Cf . dogfish.] 
1. A shark of the genus Scylliorhimis and some 
similar species. See dogfish, 1. Also called 
hound. 2. A species of belonids of the genus 
Tylosurus, such as the T. jonesi (Bermuda) and 
T. amis. 3. The bluefish, Pomatomus saJtatrix, 
formerly called olue houndfish in Massachusetts. 
See cut under Uuefisli. 4. The Spanish mack- 
erel, Scomoeromorus maculatus, formerly called 
speckled houndfish in Massachusetts. 
Of Blew-fish, or Hound-fish, two kinds speckled Hound- 
fish and Blue Bound-fish, called Horse-flsh. 
Josxelyn, New England's Rarities Discovered (1673). 
hounding (houn'ding), K. [Verbal n. of hound, 
v. ] 1 . The method or practice of hunting game 
with hounds; coursing; specifically, the pur- 
suit of deer with hounds, which drive them to- 
ward the hunter. 
Bounding is practiced during the winter, when the snow 
covers the ground. Sportsman's Gazetteer, p. 56. 
2. Naut., same as hound, 5. 
hound-plate (hound'plat), . A bracing-plate 
where the fore ends of the hounds of a carriage 
jointhecoupling. 
hound's-berry 
(houndz ' ber" i), 
. [A mistaken 
equivalent for 
dogwood.] The 
common Euro- 
pean dogwood, 
Cornus sangui- 
nia. 
hound-shark 
(hound 'shark), 
n. A small shark, 
Galeus canis, 
common on the 
coasts of the 
North Atlantic. 
hound's-tongue 
( houndz ' tung ), 
2900 
tungr, tongue. Cf. Cynoglossum.'] A familiar 
and troublesome weed, Cunoglossum officiii/ili-, a 
native of Europe and Russian Asia, but now 
naturalized in North America. The large nut- 
lets adhere to the fleece of sheep. Also called 
dog's-tongue. 
hound's-tree (houndz'tre), . Same as houini'x- 
berry. 
houpH, v. i. An obsolete spelling of whoop. 
houp' 2 t, . An obsolete spelling of hoop 9 , now 
hoopoe. 
houp s t, n. A variant spelling of hope s . 
hour (our), n. [The initial ft has never been 
sounded in E. ; it was inserted in the spelling, 
in later ME. and OF., in imitation of the L. 
form ; early mod. E. also houre, liowre, hower; < 
ME. houre, earlier without h, our, owr, oure, ure, 
< AF. ure, OF. ure, ore, hure, hore (> also D. uur, 
hour (uurwerk, clock, watch), = G. uhr = Dan. 
uhr = Sw. ur, hour, clock, watch), F. heure = 
Pr. ora, hora = Sp. Pg. hora = It. ora, hour, < 
L. hora, an hour, in pi. horai, a horologe, clock, 
poet, time of year, season, < Gr. upa, a time, 
period, season, time of day, later, specifically, 
an hour, the 24th part of a day (in this sense 
hourly 
among the laity as well as among ecclesiastics were the 
"Hours of the Blessed Virgin," or "Hours of Our Lady." 
Canonical hours. See canonical. Eight-hour law, 
a law limiting the time of work of certain classes of work- 
ing men to eight hours a day. The United States Con- 
gress passed an eight-hour law in 1868, applying to per- 
sons engaged in government work, and this example was 
of the States, and such a law was passed in California in 
1887. Equinoctial hour, a twenty-fourth part of a 
continuous exposition of the eucharist for forty hours. 
See exposition of the sacrament, under exposition. Hour 
angle. See angle^. Hours of prayer. Same as ca- 
nonical hours (which see, under canonical). In a good 
hourt, fortunately. 
Whan Arthur saugh the swerde that so flambed, he 
preised it moche in his herte, and drough hym a litill vp 
hit to be-holde, and coueyted it right sore, and thought 
that in goode houre were he born that it myght conquere. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 340. 
Inequal hourt. See inegual. Little hours, the canon- 
ical nours of prime, terce, sext, and none. Morning 
set apart for reports, motions, etc., before the taking up 
of unfinished business. Office hours. See ojftce. Si- 
dereal hour, the twenty -fourth part of a sidereal day. 
raf,,^ CTF Vr V TVn : Sol ar hour, the twenty-fourth part of a solar day - 
first used by Hipparchus about 150 B. C.); pi. ai Temporary hours [Gr. ip up;]. among theGreeks, 
[ME. not 
found ; < AS. 
hundes tunge (= 
OHG. huntes zun- 
9a): hundes, gen. 
Ot tmnd, hound ; 
i, the Hours; prob. = AS. gear, E. year, q. v. 
Hence horal, horologe, etc.] 1. A particular 
time ; a fixed or appointed time ; a set season : 
as, the hour of death. 
hours of varying length resulting from the practice of di- 
viding the natural day and night each into twelve equal 
parts : so called because of their variation according to 
the season of the year. Ten-hour law, a law fixing the 
length of an ordinary day's work at ten hours. Such a 
law exists in Massachusetts. The small hours, the 
early hours of the morning, designated by small numbers, 
as one, two, etc. Three hours, three hours' service, 
three hours' agony, a service held on Good Friday from 
in Catholic and many Anglican 
ion of Christ's sufferings on the 
And sone after vpon an owr 
He hurde of Mordred the tretour 
That hadde alle this lond on warde. 
Arthur (ed. Furnivall), 1. 839. 
Jesus saith unto her, Woman, . . . mine hour Is not yet 
come. John ii. 4. 
I cried, Waken, gude master, 
For now is the hour and time. 
Lord John (Child's Ballads, I. 136). 
The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, 
And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave, 
Await alike th' inevitable hour. dray, Elegy. 
Their regular hours stupefy me not a fiddle nor a card 
after eleven I Sheridan, The Rivals, i. 1. 
2. The time marked or indicated by a time- hour-circle (our'ser"kl), n. Inastron.: (a) Any 
piece ; the particular time of day: as, what is g*?* clrel , e of the s P, be /? whlch P a8S t es thr <> u go 
the hour f at what hour shall we meet T ' "" *"> - *> - 
Imo. What hour is it? 
Lady. Almost midnight, madam. 
Shak., Cymbeline, Ii. 2. ._.,_ 
3. The twenty-fourth part of a civil day, or alle to t "*? P lane of th , e earth's equator, and 
the twelfth part of a natural day or night .graduated into hours and subdivisions of hours. 
This division of time was invented by the Babylonians hOUr-glaSS (our glas), n. and a. I. n. 1. An 
to be at home in good season ; not to be abroad late, or 
after the usual hours of retiring to rest. 
hour-bell (our'bel), n. A bell that sounds the 
hours. 
To count the hour-bell and expect no change. 
Cowper, Task, v. 404. 
, , t 
? two P oles : . 8O c lled because the hour of the 
ay ls ascertained when the circle upon which 
the sun is for the time being is ascertained, (h) 
A circle upon an equatorial telescope lying par- 
Until modern times the hour was commonly considered 
as the twelfth part of the interval from sunrise to sunset 
poses. Thus the Italians began the day half an hour after 
sunset, and reckoned 24 hours in each day. Until watches 
came into common use, in the seventeenth century, the 
time of day was determined ordinarily by the altitude of 
the sun, as in the following extract from Palladius, where 
the length of the shadow of a staff 4 feet long placed ver- 
tically determines the hours of the day reckoned from 
sunrise. Abbreviated h. 
With October Marche houres feet beth even 
The flrst hath XXV. feet, XV 
Feet hath the seconde houre, the thirdde XI, 
The fourthe hath VIII, and V up six sustene, 
And six hath V. In VI, VII demene, 
And so goo forth. X hath feet thries V. 
XI goth with XXV blyve. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 189. 
It is sixteen hours or two small days journey with a 
loaded caravan from Baalbeck to Damascus. 
Pomcke, Description of the East, II. 113. 
I measure many a league an hour. 
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 2. 
I will eat 
With all the passion of a twelve hours' fast. 
Tennyson, Geraint. 
4. pi. (a) Set times of prayer; the canonical 
hours (which see, under canonical), (b) The 
offices or services prescribed for the canonical 
hours, below. 5. [cap.] In Gr. myth., one of 
the Horse or Hours, the goddesses of the sea- 
sons and guardians of the gates of heaven. 
They were held especially to personify the agreeable char- 
acteristics of the seasons, were closely associated with the 
Graces, and were attached to the train of Aphrodite. In 
art and poetry they were represented as young and grace- 
ful, decked with flowers and jewels. 
instrument for measuring time, consisting of a 
glass vessel constricted to a narrow passage in 
the middle, through which a quantity of sand, 
or sometimes of mercury, runs from the upper 
part into the lower in exactly an hour. At the 
end of the hour the glass may be reversed, when the sand 
will run back for another hour. Hour glasses are now 
seldom used, though formerly very common. Similar in- 
struments intended to mark shorter intervals are named 
accordingly, as a half -hour or a ten-minute glass. A three- 
minute glass, to boil eggs by, is called an egg-glass. 
I should not see the sandy hour-glass run, 
But I should think of shallows and of flats. 
Shak., M. of V., i. 1. 
Time, like a preacher in the days of the Puritans, turned 
the hour-glass on his high pulpit, the church belfry. 
Longfellow, Hyperion, iv. 5. 
2f. The time measured by an hour-glass; an 
hour. 
Turning the accomplishment of many years 
Into an hour-glass. Shale., Hen. V., Prol. 
II. a. Having the form of an hour-glass. 
Hour-glass contraction. See contraction. 
hour-hand (our'hand), n. The hand or pointed 
pin which indicates the hour on a timepiece. 
hour! (ho'- or hou'ri), n. [< F. houri, repr. 
Pers. hurt, pi. hur, < Ar. huriya, pi. hur, a 
Paradise, lit. black-eyed, < ahwar, 
houris are represented as beautiful virgins, endowed with 
unfading youth and immunity from all disease. Their 
company is to form the chief felicity of th,e faithful. 
Or, thronging all one porch of Paradise, 
A group of Houris bow'd to see 
The dying Islamite, with hands and eyes 
That said, We wait for thee. 
Tennyson, Palace of Art. 
Knit with the GracIs 1 and U thrHo a i?n dance hour-line (our'lin), n. In astron., a line indi- 
Led on the eternal spring. Milton PL iv 267 eating the hour; a line on which the shadow 
At the eleventh hour. See eleventh.- Babylonian f th , e g nomo . n falls at a g iven tour. 
hour, (a) A twelfth part of a civil day. ((/) The hour hourly (our'h), a. [< hour + -fy 1 .] Happen- 
, corol ,a ; , same, opened ; C , fruit. 
reckoned from sunrise as the beginning of the day. 
Book of hours, in the Bom. Cath. Ch., a book of devotion 
containing offices for private use especially during the ca- 
nonical hours, in addition to those appointed in the brevi- 
ary or portiforium : often called simply the hours. Many 
medieval books of hours are still preserved in manu- 
script, or printed, and ornamented with beautiful illumi- 
nations, paintings, etc. The most widely used of these 
ing or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; 
continuing from hour to hour; hence, frequent ; 
repeated. 
Honour, riches, marriage-blessing, 
Long continuance, and increasing, 
Hourly joys be still upon you ! 
Shak., Tempest, iv. 1 (song). 
