hybrid 
species, or genera; half-bred; cross-bred; mon- 
grel. See I. 
The mere fact that not only animals of distinct genera, 
bnt even those classed in distinct families as the pheas- 
ant and the black grouse sometimes produce hybrid off- 
spring in a state of nature, is itself an argument nguinst 
there being any constant infertility between the most 
closely allied species. 
A. R. Wallace, Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XL. 311. 
Hence 2. Of heterogeneous origin; having a 
mixed character; combining diverse elements, 
as a word formed from two different languages, 
architecture combining diverse styles, etc. Hy- 
brid words of various kinds abound in English. Exam- 
ples are baiik-rui>t, dis-betief, atone-ment, and cat-able, 
in which Teutonic and Latin elements are joined. In 
natural history hybrid names are generally condemned, 
though many have been retained in science; it is not re- 
garded as an infringement of the laws of precedence to 
rectify or wholly reject them. A word bodily transferred 
from Greek to Latin and then taking the Latin inflections 
is not regarded as a hybrid; but if Greek and Latin inflec- 
tions or Greek and Latin stems are mixed it is so regarded. 
Some hybrids have come into general use, and have been 
allowed to remain. Hybrid porcelain, a ceramic ware 
which is not strictly hard porcelain like that of China, nor 
the soft-paste porcelain discovered in France, much used 
in Europe before the discovery of the secret of hard por- 
celain by Bbttcher at Meissen. Quartz and a glassy frit 
enter into the composition of this ware, with but little 
kaolin. Hybrid syllogism, an indirect syllogism. 
hybridation (hi-bri- or nib-ri-da'shon), n. [< 
hybrid + -ation.] 8amea,shyb>idi;ation. [Bare.] 
The theory of hybridation advocated by some ostreicul- 
turists The American, V. 88. 
hybridisable, hybridisation, etc. See hybrid- 
izable, etc. 
hybridism (hi'bri- or hib'ri-dizm), H. [< hybrid 
T -ism.] 1. The state or condition of being 
hybrid; the character of a hybrid. Also hy- 
bridity. 
Until recently, the interest attaching to hybridism was 
almost entirely of a practical nature. 
G. J. Romane*, Encyc. Brit., XII. 422. 
2. The act of hybridizing; the production or 
formation of hybrids of any kind. 
To tack on to a Gothic root a classical termination (and 
vice versa) is to be guilty of Hybridism. . . . Hybridism is 
the commonest fault that accompanies the introduction of 
new words. Latham, Eng. Lang., 247, 248. 
Inappropriate hybridism, is checked by the Law of Ste- 
rility. H. Druminond, Natural Law in Spiritual World, 
[Pref., p. xiii. 
hybridist (hi'bri- or hib'ri-dist), . [< hybrid 
+ -ist.] One who hybridizes. Quarterly Rev. 
hybridity (hi- or hi-brid'i-ti), n. [< hybrid, a., 
+ -ity.] Same as hybridism, 1. 
The test of hybridity cannot be applied in one case in 
ten thousand. A. R. Wallace, Nat. Select., p. 161. 
The investigation of the whole subject of crossing and 
hybridity had shown that . . . crosses between slightly 
different varieties led to increased fertility. 
The Century, XXV. 427. 
hybridizable (hi'bri- or hib'ri-di-za-bl), a. [< 
hybridize + -able.] Capable of hybridizing or 
of being hybridized; able to produce hybrid 
offspring by crossing with another species. 
Also spelled hybridisable. 
Hybridizablcgener&are rarer than is generally supposed, 
even in gardens, where they are so often operated upon 
under circumstances most favourable to the production of 
hybrids. J. D. Hunker. 
hybridization (hl"bri- or hib''ri-di-za'shon), 
. [< hybridize + -ation.~\ The act or process 
of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized ; 
cross-fertilization ; cross-breeding. See hybrid, 
., 1. Also hybridisation. 
For anything we can show to the contrary, many exist- 
ing species may have had their origin in hybridisation. 
Land. Jour. Set.., CXXIV. 190. 
hybridize (hi'bri- or hib'ri-diz), v. ; pret. and 
pp. hybridized, ppr. hybridising. [< hybrid + 
-ize.] I. trans. 1. To cause to interbreed and 
thus produce hybrids. 
Yet in some other genera [than Primula], species which 
are not heterostyled, and which in some respects appear 
not well adapted for hybrid-fertilisation, have likewise 
been largely hybridised. 
Darwin, Different Forms of Flowers, p. 55. 
Hence 2. To form or construct in a hybrid 
manner, as words. 
II. intrans. To produce a hybrid or hybrids ; 
cross or interbreed, as two different varieties 
or species of plants or animals. 
Also spelled hybridise. 
hybridizer (hi'bri- or hib'ri-di-zer), H. One 
who crosses different varieties or species, etc., 
to produce hybrids; a hybridist. Also spelled 
hybridiser. 
The evidence from fertility adduced by different hybrid- 
isers. Darwin, Origin of Species (8th ed.), p. 237. 
It Is important to remark that hybridizers usually ex- 
periment with very distinct species. 
A. R. Wallace. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XL. 310. 
2931 
hybridous (hl'bri- or hib'ri-dus), n. [< hy- 
brid, n., + -OH*-.] Of hybrid character; hete- 
rogeneous. [Rare.] 
No hybridous architecture or nondescript figures. 
N. A. Rev., CXLI. 290. 
hydatid (hi'da-tid), n. and . [Cf. L. hydatis 
(-id-), a water-colored gem, < Gr. idan'f (-!-), a 
drop of water, a water-vesicle, hydatid, a gem, 
< voup (Mar-), water: see hydra, hydro-.'] I. . 
1. In jHitliHl., a cyst with aqueous contents 
found in the tissue, formed by a tenia in its 
larval state, especially in man by Tcenia echi- 
HOCOCCUS. The name has also been applied loosely to 
various other cysts filled with a watery fluid. .More fully 
called SL false hydatid. 
2. In zool,, the encysted larval state of the wan- 
dered scolex of a tapeworm, especially of Tienia 
cchinococcns. Itscharacterwas formerly misunderstood, 
and it was called Echinococcux hominis when occurring in 
man. Other true hydatids, in a zoological sense, are called 
cysticerci and caznures. See echinococcus, cysticercus, coe- 
nurc, and cut under Tcenia. 
This remarkably minute parasite fthe hydatigenons tape- 
worm, Tamia echinococcus}, though not resident in man 
in its adult condition, is nevertheless in one of its larval 
stages of frequent occurrence in the human body. Whilst 
the full-grown creature seldom attains the fourth of an 
inch in length, the larva?, on the other hand, acquire a pro- 
digious size. The latter are familiarly known to the [medi- 
cal| profession under the name of hydatids. 
T. S. Cobbold, Tapeworms (1886), p. 65. 
Hydatid of Morgagni, in anat., a name applied to the 
one or more small pedunculated growths which lie beside 
the glohus major of the epididymis, and are formed mainly 
of connective tissue and blood-vessels. They are common- 
ly regarded as the remains of M tiller's duct. 
II. a. In zoiit., encysted ; being in the cystic 
state, as the larva of a tapeworm when it is a 
eysticercus, coonure, or echinococcus. 
hydatidiform (hi-da-tid'i-form), a. [< Gr. via- 
7/f (-!-), a hydatid, + I;, forma, form.] Resem- 
bling or having the character of a hydatid. Also 
lujdatiform. 
They [tubes in the organ of Rosenmuller] are flexuous, 
of unequal calibre, and sometimes the seat of cystic or 
hydatidiform enlargements. 
R. Barnes, Dis. of Women, p. 29. 
hydatidinous (M-da-tid'i-nus), a. [< hydatid 
T -ine 1 + -oiis.] Pertaining to or exhibiting 
one or more hydatids. 
hydatiform (hi-dat'i-form), a. Same as hydii- 
titliform. 
hydatigenous (hl-da-tij'e-nus), . [< hydatid 
+ -genous.] Bearing or producing hydatids : as, 
a l/ydatigenons tapeworm. 
Hydatigeuous formations connected with the chorion. 
T. S. Cobbold. 
Hydatina (hi-dat'i-na), n. [NL., < Gr. Mdncof, 
of water, watery, < iSup (vfiar-), water.] 1. A 
genus of mollusks. Schumacher, 1817. 2. A 
genus of rotifers, typical of the family Hyda- 
tinida; containing such species as H.senta, one 
of the best known of the wheel-animalcules. 
Ehrenberg, 1830. See cut under Eotifera. 
Hydatina senta is a classical animal, because it was 
principally on this species that the illustrious Ehrenberg 
studied the anatomy of this group of animalcules. The 
liroad body has only a very short foot-stalk, which is forked 
behind. The mouth is armed with two jaws and many 
teeth. There are no eye-specks whatsoever. The cuticle 
is delicate and soft. Stand. Xat. Hist., I. 205. 
Hydatinidae (hl-da-tiu'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Hy- 
datina, 2, + -idte.] A family of schizotrochous 
rotifers, typified by the genus Hydatina. The 
trochal disk or wheel-organ is transverse and has ciliated 
prominences, the wreath is double, the trophi are malleate, 
and the foot is furcate. There are many genera besides Hy- 
datina, such as Diylena, Notominata, and Monocerca. 
hydatis (hi'da-tis), n. A hydatid. 
hydatism (hi'da-tizm), . [< Gr. Map (Mar-), 
water, + -ism.] In med., a sound produced by 
the motion of an effused fluid in some cavity 
of the body. 
hydatoid (hi'da-toid), a. and n. [< Gr. Muraftdgc. 
like water, < ii&up (Mar-), water, -I- adof, form.] 
I. a. Watery; aqueous; resembling water in 
any way; specifically, in anat., pertaining to 
the aqueoiis humor of the eye. 
II. t n. 1. The aqueous humor of the eye, as 
distinguished from the vitreous humor. 2. 
The investing membrane of the aqueous hu- 
mor, as distinguished from the hyaloid invest- 
ing the vitreous humor. 
hydeH, hyde 2 t, hyde 3 t. An obsolete spelling of 
hide 1 , hide 2 , hide**. 
hyderti " [< P. hydre, a water-adder : see hy- 
dra.] A water-snake. Cotgrave. 
Hydnei (hid'ne-i), H. pi. [NL. (Fries, 1836), < 
Hyilnum + -'.'] An order of hymenomycetous 
fungi, typified by the genus Hydiiitin. 
hydnoid (hid'noid), a. [< NL. ffydnum + Gr. 
e!oc, form.] Resembling in form or structure 
the genus Hydnum. 
In Gr. myth., a monstrous ser- 
hydra 
Eydnum (hid'num), . [NL., < Gr. Mvov, an edi- 
ble fungus, prob. the truffle.] A genus of hy- 
menomycetous fungi, type of the order Hydnei, 
characterized by having the hymenium infe- 
rior and spread over persistent spines or teeth 
which project from the pileus. The pileus is tough, 
or even coriaceous, in most of the species; but there 
are a few in which it is fleshy, and a small number, as 
//. ffpandum and //. coralloides, are described as edi- 
ble. Two well-authenticated fossil species of Hydnum 
are known, from the Miocene deposits of Switzerland and 
Hesse. 
hydra (hi'drii), . ; pi. hydras, hydra; (-draz. 
-dre). [= F. "hydre, < L. hydra, < Gr. iitipa, Ionic 
((!/"/, the Lerneean serpent, masc. Mpof, a water- 
snake, the ringed snake, Coluber natrix, also a 
smaller kind of water-animal (= Lith. udra, an 
otter, = OBulg. vydra = Pol. wydra = Russ. 
vuidra, an otter, = OHG. otter = AS. oter, E. 
otter), < Map (Mp-), water: see otter, hydro-, 
and water.] 1. In ~ 
pent or dragon 
of the lake or 
marsh of Ler- 
ua in Argolis, 
represented as 
having nine 
heads, each of 
which, being 
cut off, was im- 
mediately SUC- Comba , bj^^n Hercules, and the Lernzan 
CeeueU. by tWO Hydra. (From an archaic Greek amphora.) 
new ones un- 
less the wound was cauterized. The destruc- 
tion of this monster was one of the twelve la- 
bors of Hercules. 
Another king ! they grow like Hydras' heads. 
S/iat., 1 Hen. IV., v. 4. 
Gorgons, and hydras, and chimroras dire. 
Hilton, P. L., iL 628. 
Hence 2. Figuratively, multifarious evil; 
evil or misfortune arising from many sources 
and not easily to be surmounted. 
And yet the hydra of my cares renews 
Still new-born sorrows of her fresh disdain. 
Daniel, Sonnets to Delia, xv. 
3. leap.] An ancient southern constellation, 
representing a sea-serpent. It is of Babylonian ori- 
gin, like most of the ancient constel- 
lations. It is bounded by the ancient 
constellations Canis Minor, Argo, 
Centaurus, Virgo, Corvus, Crater, 
Leo, and Cancer, and by the modern 
constellations Sextans and Mono- 
' . ceros (which separates it from Canis 
Major). It contains one star of the 
second magnitude, and about four 
hundred stars visible to the naked 
eye. 
, 4. lu zool.: (a) A venomous 
sea-snake ; any one of the Hy- 
drophidaiofthe Indian ocean. 
G. Cuvier. (b) In Hydrozoa : 
(1) [cap.] A genus of fresh- 
water polyps of very simple 
structure, typical of the fam- 
ily Sydridte. Among the species 
are //. viridis, H. fusca, and H. vul- 
garis. The body has the form of a 
cylindrical tube, composed of two 
fundamental layers, the ectoderm 
and endoderm, the former contain- 
ing in one variety green granules 
identical with the chlorophyl of 
plants. The base is disk-shaped, and 
by it the animal can attach itself to 
any body, being capable of shifting 
its position. Themouthissurround- 
ed by a circle of extremely contrac- 
tile tentacles, by which the animal 
The Constellation obtainslts food and whicharerichly 
Hydra. endowed with the nrticating organs 
or thread-cells common in the or- 
der. The mouth opens immediately into the stomach, and 
there are no Internal organs of any kind, and no anal ori- 
fice. Each part of a hydra divided into almost any num- 
ber of fragments will develop into a fresh independent 
polypite. Reproduction Is effected by gemmation as well 
as by means of ova and sperm-cells. The genus is said to 
have been first described l>y Trembley in 1774, but it is at- 
tributed by Agassiz to Linnaeus (1756X and the animal was 
described by A. van Leeuwenhoek in 1703. See cut under 
Hydrozoa. 
The wonderful power which Hydra possesses of repro- 
ducing lost parts was first discovered and made known by 
Trembley, of Geneva, in the first half of the eighteenth 
century. He determined that even a small piece of Hy- 
dra Kidtjaritf possesses the power, under favorable condi- 
tions, of developing into a perfect animal. 
Stand. Sat. Hist., I. 71'. 
(2) An individual or a species of the genus 
Hydra. (3) The sexual bud or medusa of any 
hydroid hydrozoan: so called from its resem- 
blance to a species of the genus Hydra. 5. A 
form of self-registering thermometer having a 
compound head or bulb to contain the spirits, 
with the object of increasing the surface ex- 
