Hygeian 
the goddess of health. 2. [I.e.'} Pertaining to 
health or to its preservation. Also hygiean. 
hygeiolatry (hi-jf-ol'a-tri), n. [< Gr. iy'ma, 
health, + /.arpeia, worship.] The worship of 
health or of hygiene. [Rare.] 
His voice, I think, would have been loudest in the de- 
nunciation of that hygeiolatry which threatens to become 
our only religion. F. P. Cofr&e, Contemporary Rev. , LI. 804. 
hygeist, . See hygieist. 
hygeology (hi-je-oro-ji), . Same as hygiology. 
hyght, a- An obsolete spelling of high. 
hyghet! and . An obsolete variant of hie. 
Cnaucer. 
hygiean, a. See hygeian. 2. 
hygieist (hi'je-ist), n. [< Gr. iryleia, health (see 
Hygeia), + -int.] One versed in hygiene or the 
science of health. Also spelled hygeist. 
hygienal (hi-ji-en'al), a. [Formerly hygieinal; 
< hygiene + -al.~\ Relating to hygiene or the 
preservation of health. 
Presenting some things relating to the hygieinalptut of 
physic. Boyle, Works, II. 103. 
hygiene (hi'ji-en), n. [< F. hygiene= Sp. higie'ne 
= Pg. hygiena, hygiene = It. igiene = D. G. Sw. 
hygiene = Dan. hygieine, irreg. < Gr. vyiaiveiv, be 
healthy, sound, < vytfa, healthy, sound: see Hy- 
geia.~] That department of medical knowledge 
which concerns the preservation of health ; a 
system of principles or rules designed for the 
promotion of health; sanitary science, 
hygienic (hi-ji-en'ik), a. [< F. hygienique; as 
hygiene + -ic.] Relating to hygiene ; pertain- 
ing to health or the science of health. 
How small a proportion of them die before the age of 
maturity, in the present state of hygienic knowledge. 
J. S. Mill. 
Medication without insuring favorable hygienic condi- 
tions is like amputation without ligatures. 
O. W. Holmes, Med. Essays, p. 203. 
hygienically (hi-ji-en'i-kal-i), adv. In a hygi- 
enic manner; in accordance with the laws of 
health. 
hygienics (hi-ji-en'iks), n. [PI. of hygienic : see 
-ic.] The art of maintaining health ; hygiene ; 
sanitary science. 
80 many books have been written on the care of the 
health, and so much attention has been called to hygienics 
within a few years. J. F. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 66. 
hygienism (hi'ji-en-izm), n. [< hygiene + -ism.~\ 
Same as hygienics. Imp. Diet. 
hygienist (hi'ji-en-ist), n. [< hygiene + -ist.] 
One who is versed in hygiene. 
The business of the hygienist and of the physician is to 
know the range of these modifiable conditions (such as are 
capable of being indefinitely modified by our own actions), 
and how to influence them toward the maintenance of 
health and the prolongation of life. 
Huscley, Pop. Sci. Mo., XI. 669. 
hygiology (hi-ji-ol'o-ji), n. [Prop, "hygieoiogy, 
< Gr. vyteia, health, + -Aoyia, < teyetv, speak: 
see Hygeia and -ology.] The art of the preser- 
vation of health. Science, VI. 512. Also spelled 
hygeology. 
hygrine (hi'grin), n. [< Gr. vypof, wet, moist, 
+ -iwe 2 .] A liquid and volatile alkaloid ob- 
tained from coca-leaves. It forms crystalliza- 
ble salts with acids. 
hygrq-. [L. , etc. , hygro-, < Gr. iyp6-f, wet, moist, 
running, fluid, akin to L. Hvens (for "ugvens), 
moist, (umere, be moist: see humid, humor, etc.] 
An element in compound words of Greek origin, 
meaning 'wet,' 'moist.' 
hygroblepharic (hi-gro-blef'a-rik), a. [< Gr. 
f>pof, wet, moist, + fi'Aetyapov, eyelid.] Pertain- 
ing to the moisture of, or serving to moisten, the 
eyelids : applied especially to the ducts of the 
lacrymal gland which discharge tears. 
hygrodeik (hl'gro-dik), . [Irreg. < Gr. iyp6f, 
wet, moist, + oeticvvvai, show.] A form of hy- 
grometer consisting of a wet-bulb and a dry- 
bulb thermometer 
(see thermometer and 
psychrometer) sup- 
ported one on each 
side of a frame on 
which is drawn an 
appropriate scale. 
The humidity is indicat- 
ed by the extremity of 
an index whose position 
Is determined by the 
heights of the two mer- 
cury-columns. 
Hygrogeophila(hi''- 
gro-je-of 'i-la), n. 
pi. [NL.,<Gr.t>Vpof> 
wet, moist, + yfi, the 
earth, + 0/Aof, lov- 
ing.] Same as Ge- 
hydrophila. 
Daniel! Hygrometer. 
A. bulb containing ether ; , evaporation 
bulb covered with muslin. 
Hygrodeik : the wet-bulb thermom- 
eter on the right, the dry-bulb on the 
left. 
2942 
hygTOgraph (bl'gro-graf), n. [< Gr. vypos, wet, 
moist, + ypatyeiv, write.] An instrument which 
registers automatically the variations in the 
moisture of the atmosphere, 
hygrologyt (hi-grol'o-ji), . [< Gr. i>yp6f, wet, 
moist, + -tioyia, < teynv, speak: see -ology.] 
That part of medical science which treats of the 
humors of the body. 
hygroma (hl-gro'ma), .; pi. hygromuta (-ma- 
ta). [NL.,< Gr. vypof, wet, moist, + -oma.~\ In 
pathol., a swelling with serous contents, such 
as lymphangiomata, burgee mucosse distended 
with lymph, etc. 
hygromatOUS (hi-grom'a-tus), a. [< hygroma(t-) 
T -oiis.] Of the nature of or affected with hy- 
groma. 
hygrometer (hl-grom'e-ter), n. [< Gr. typof, 
wet, moist, + fierpov, a measure.] An instrument 
for measuring the amount of the moisture of the 
atmosphere, or more accurately for determin- 
ing the hygrometric state or relative humidity, 
which is the ratio between the actual amount 
of water-vapor present in the air and that re- 
quired in order to saturate it completely. A com- 
mon form is the Danlell hygrometer, which consists of 
a bent glass tube 
terminating in two 
bulbs, one cov- 
ered with muslin, 
the other of black 
glass and contain- 
ing ether and a ther- 
mometer. Ether 
being dropped on 
the muslin of the 
upper bulb, the va- 
por within is con- 
densed, and thecon- 
sequent evapora- 
tion of the ether 
f rom the other bulb 
cools the air about 
It, and finally to 
such a degree that 
moisture is deposit- 
ed upon its black 
surface. The drop- 
ping is now sus- 
pended, and the 
temperature Is 
taken trom the in- 
closed thermome- 
ter; the mean be- 
tween this temper- 
ature and that observed when the moisture disappears 
Is the dew-point The hygrometric state is the ratio be- 
tween the pressure of water-vapor corresponding respec- 
tively to the dew-point and to the temperature of the air 
at the time as given by the thermometer on the stand. 
This form is called a dew-point or condensing hygrometer. 
Instead of a black glass bulb, a silver vessel is some- 
times used, as in Regnault's hygrometer. In the chemical 
hygrometer a known volume of air is passed over some 
hygroscopic substance, as calcium chlorld, contained in a 
drying-tube. This absorbs the aqueous vapor, and by its 
increase in weight gives the means of calculating the 
~ amount present in the unit of volume. The wet-bulb 
thermometer, or pgychrometer (see pgychrometer), also gives 
a simple method of obtaining the hygrometric state, by 
means of appropriately constructed tables. 
hygrometric (hi-gro-met'rik), a. [As hygrome- 
ter + -ic. ] 1 . Pertaining to hygrometry ; relat- 
ing to or depending upon the amount of moist- 
ure in the atmosphere. 
The rate pf evaporation is greatly affected by the hygro- 
metric state of the air. Huxley, Physiography, p. 68. 
2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture: 
as, hygrometric substances or plants Hygro- 
metric balance, a popular form of hygroscope designed 
to afford a rough indication of weather changes. Hygro- 
metric state. See humidity and hygrometer. 
hygrometrical (hl-gro-met'ri-kal), a. [< hy- 
grometric + -/.] Same as hygrometric. 
hygrometry (hi-grom'e-tri), n. [As hygrome- 
ter + -y s .~\ That branch of physics which re- 
lates to the determination of the humidity of 
bodies, especially of the moisture in the atmo- 
sphere, embracing also the theory and use of 
such instruments as have been invented for 
this purpose. 
To get materials for further advance, astronomy requires 
. . . the direct aid of an advanced optics, of barology, of 
thermology, of hygrometry. 
H. Spencer, Universal Progress, p. 186. 
hygrophanous (hi-grof'a-nus), a. [< Gr. irypof, 
wet, moist, + -^awyc, < Qaivsiv, show.] In bot., 
transparent, or like water, when moist, and 
opaque when dry. 
Hygrophila 1 (hi-grof 'i-la), n. [NL. (Robert 
Brown, 1810), fern, sing., < Gr. vyp6f, wet, moist, 
+ 0//of, loving.] A genus of dicotyledonous 
gamopetalous plants, of the natural order Acan- 
thacete and tribe Ruellicce, and the type of the 
subtribe Hygrophilew. It is characterized by a calyx 
of 5 narrow, nearly equal divisions; a bilabiate corolla; 4 
perfect didynamous stamens ; entire opposite leaves ; and 
axillary sessile or subsessile flowers. The plants are erect 
or diffuse herbs. A few of them have infra-axillary spines. 
Hyla 
Fourteen species are known, from the tropical or subtrop- 
ical parts of the world. 
Hygrophila- (hi-grof i-la), n.pl. [NL. (Ferus- 
soc, 1821), neut. pi., < Gr. vyp6f, wet, moist, + 
pi/of, loving.] A suborder of pulmoniferous 
gastropods, including the basomiuatophorous 
tivsh-water family Limnaridte, etc. 
Hygrophileae (lil-gro-fil'e-e), H. pi. [NL. (Nees 
von Esenbeck, 1832)', < fiypropMbtl + -co;.] A 
subtribe of plants of the natural order Acantliti- 
cecv, tribe Ruellieee, typified by the genus Hygro- 
phila, characterized by a 2-lipped corolla, and 
by having the filaments laterally united in 
pairs bv their bases. 
Hygropliorus (hi-grof 'o-rus), u. [NL. (E. Fries, 
1838), < MGr. Irrpoi&pof, carrying water, < Gr. 
typtft wet, moist, + -^opoc, <t<f>epetv = E. bear 1 .} 
A genus of hymenomycetous fungi, allied to the 
agarics, from which they differ in their peculiar 
habit, and their waxy (not membrauaceous) gills 
and granular intermediate substance. Many of 
the species are exceedingly brilliant in coloring, which, 
however, is not a constant character, H. conicus, for exam- 
ple, ranging in color from yellow to scarlet. 
hygroplasma (hi-gro-plaz'rna), . [NL.,<Gr. 
vypAf, wet, moist, + V/doT/a, anything formed.] 
In bot., a term proposed by Naegeli for the fluid 
part of protoplasm. Compare stereoplasma. 
hygroscope (hi'gro-skop), n. [< Gr. iypof, 
wet, moist, + anomiv, view.] An instrument 
or apparatus in which the hygroscopic property 
of some substance is employed for indicating 
approximately the humidity of the air, without 
attempting its accurate measurement. The most 
noted hygroscope is that of Saussure 
(also called the hair hygrometer), in 
which a prepared human hair, which 
expands or contracts in length accord- 
ing as the air is more or less moist, 
is made to move an index over a scale 
graduated from to 100. By an adjust- 
ing-screw the index may be set at 100 
whenever the air in the case is known 
to be saturated, and a fiducial point 
on the scale is thereby maintained. 
hygroscopic (hi-gro-skop'ik), 
a. [(hygroscope + -ic.'] 1. Per- 
taining to the hygroscope ; per- 
ceptible or capable of being de- 
tected only by the hygroscope. 
2. Having the property of 
absorbing moisture from the 
atmosphere, as hygroscopic tis- 
sue, or of becoming coated witli 
a film of moisture. 
However dry the air may appear to 
be, it always contains more or less . . . 
moisture. Though not recognized by 
the senses, its presence is readily re- 
vealed by the behaviour of certain Hair Hygroscope of 
substances which greedily absorb Saussure. 
moisture, and are consequently said to ., the hair supported 
be hygroscopic. !>y the clamp a. ad- 
Huxley, Physiography, p. 66. * d %S3*Z 
3. In bot., sensitive to mois- * e e ig |S' y " by "" 
ture; caused by moisture; 
moving when moistened and then dried, as the 
elaters of Equisetum or the peristome of mosses. 
We may illustrate what we mean by the hygroscopic 
movements of plants : if the tissues on one side of an or- 
gan permit of rapid evaporation, they wilt dry quickly and 
contract, causing the part to bend to this side. 
Darwin, Movement In Plants, p. 489. 
hygroscopical (hi-gro-skop'i-kal), a. [< hygro- 
scopic + -a/.] Same as hygroscopic. 
hygTOSCOpicity (hi"gro-sk6-pis'i-ti), n. [< hy- 
groscopic + -ity.] In lot., the character of be- 
ing hygroscopic; the property possessed by 
vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging 
moisture, and expanding or shrinking accord- 
ingly. 
hygrostatics (hl-gro-stat'iks), . [< Gr. vypoe, 
moist, + OTa.TiK.of, causing to stand : see static, 
statics.] The science or art of measuring de- 
grees of moisture. 
Hygrotrechus (hi-gro-tre'kus), n. [NL. (Stal, 
1867), < Gr. i')p6f, wet, moist, + rp^xeiv, run.] A 
genus of water-bugs of the heteropterous fam- 
ily Hydrobatidte. H. remigis is the most common North 
American species, of a brown color, frequently seen run- 
ning over the surface of the water of ponds and streams. 
hyke 1 t, Same as huke. 
hyke 2 (Mk), . Same as haik*. 
Hyla (hi'la), . [NL., < Gr. a?, a wood, a 
forest, woodland, copse, wood cut down, fire- 
wood, timber, stuff, material, matter (cf. E. 
matter, ult. < L. materia), prob. orig. "v^Fr/ = 
L. silva, silua, a wood: see xilran.'] A genus 
of tree-toads of the family Hi/lidte, instituted 
by Laurent! in 1768. The species are numerous. 
11. vernicolor is so called from the chameleon-like color- 
changes it undergoes. H. pickeringl is a common species 
