Hypapante 
against, face to face : see ante-, anti-.] In the 
Gr. C'h., a festival in memory of the meeting of 
the infant Christ and his mother with Simeon 
and Anna in the temple : same as the Western 
Purification or Candlemas. Also Hypante. 
hypapophyses. . Plural of hypapophysis. 
hypapophysial (hip-ap-o-fiz'i-al), a. [< liypa- 
pophysis T -al.~\ Of or pertaining to a hypa- 
pophysis : as, the hypapophysial arch, 
hypapophysis (hip-a-pof'i-sis), . ; pi. hypapo- 
physcn (-sez). [NL., < Gr. into, under, + cmo- 
<j>vai<;, a sprout 
or process: 
see apophy- 
i's.] Inanat., 
a median pro- 
cess or apo- 
physis from 
the under or 
ventral side of 
the centrum 
of a vertebra : 
opposed to 
epapophysis. 
The anteriorpor- 
tion of the ring 
of the human at- 
las is regarded as 
a hypapophysis 
by those who hold that its body ankyloses with the axis 
as the odontoid process of the latter. 
16 (hip-ar'ji-rit), n. [< Gr. im6, un- 
;, silver, + -ite 2 .] A massive vari- 
ety of miargyrite obtained from Clausthal in the 
Harz. 
hyparterial (hip-ar-te'ri-al), a. [< Gr. {m6, un- 
der, -f- aprripia, artery.] Lying below the artery, 
as a bronchial tube. 
hypaspist (hi-pas'pist), n. [< Gr. {m-aamar^f, a 
shield-bearer, armor-bearer, < bireoiriftai. serve 
as shield-bearer, < im6, under, + atnri'f, shield.] 
In Gr. antiq., a shield-bearer or an armor- 
bearer; an esquire; in the Macedonian army, 
one of a royal guard of light-armed foot-sol- 
diers, so called from their shields, 
hypate (hip'a-te), n. [< L. hypate, < Gr. inrarti 
(sc. xopor/), the highest note as regards length 
of string, but the lowest note as regards pitch, 
f em. of wraroc, highest, lowest, extreme, superl. 
equiv. to in-fprarof, superl. of inrep, over: see 
hyper-.'] In anc. music, the first or lowest tone 
in the lowest and in the next to the lowest tetra- 
chords of the recognized system of tones, cor- 
responding loosely to the modern B and E. 
hypaton (hip'a-ton), n. [Gr. virarov, neut. of 
virarof, highest: see hypate.'] See tetrachord. 
2947 
hyper-. [_= F. hyper- = Sp. hiprr- = Pg. hyper- 
= It. iper-, < L. hyper-, < Gr. {<7rep, prep., over, 
above, beyond, across, for, in behalf of, instead 
of, about, concerning; prefix inrcp-, over, above 
(in all relations); = L. super, above, = AS. 
ofer, E. over: see super-, over, over-.] A prefix 
of Greek origin, meaning 'over,' and usually 
implying transcendence or excess, it is freely 
used as an English formative, often with only secondary 
reference to the Greek. Specifically (n) In chew., the 
same as super-, indicating the highest of a series of com- 
pounds: thus, hi/perchloric acid signifies the highest of 
the series of chlorin acids, containing more oxygen than 
chloric acid. The prefix per- is now generally used for 
hypfr-, as perchloric, permanganic, etc. ((/) In ancient and 
medieval music: (1) Of intervals, measured upward; as- 
cending : as, At/jwrdiapente. (2) Of modes or scales, begin- 
ning at a higher point, usually a perfect fourth above : op- 
posed to hypo-. See hypo-, (c) In names of ecclesiastical 
modes, a mere mark of distinction from those with the pre- 
fix hypo- : thus, hyperdorian and Dorian denoted the same 
mode. 
hyperbola 
hyperaspist (hi-pt'-r-as'pist), . [< Gr. i-mpae- 
kypaspist.] 
tiq., one who protected another engaged in 
fighting by holding a shield over him ; hence, a 
protector or defender. 
I appeal to any indifferent reader, whether C. M. be not 
by his hyjieraspM forsaken in the plain field. 
Chillingworth, Works (ed. 1704), p. 26. 
Such an opinion, if it should meet with peevish oppo- 
sites on the one side, and confident hyperaspiats on the 
other, might possibly make a sect 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 320. 
hyperbata, . Plural of liyperbaton. 
hyperbatic (hi-per-bat'ik), a. [< Gr. {iirepfian- 
Kof, delighting in hyperbata, < {nrepparov, hyper- 
baton: see hyperbaton.] Pertaining to or of the 
nature of the figure hyperbaton; transposed; in- 
verted. 
hyperabelian (hl'per-S-bel'i-an), a. [< hypt >- hvtifirhatirallv Chi nr rmr'i Vnl n /iA, TW 
^??A*"^ 
Lumbar Vertebra of Hare. 
A, hypapophysis ; t, very long transverse pro- 
cess ; s t spinous process ; trt, metapophysis ; ax, 
prezygapophysis. 
integral, function, or group, but more compli- 
cated.-HyperabeUan function, a function of two va- 
riables connected with a discontinuous group of substitu- 
t ' 118 ' one ' the following forms : 
t !*_+* ' i + b '\ 
fl " c ( + d' c'., + d7 
c f 
axis of the body; situated on the ventral side of 
or below the bodies of the vertebra, : opposed 
hyperacanthosis (hi-per-ak-an-tho'sis), n. [< 
dr. inrep, over, + anavSa, spine, -f- -osi*.] Hy- 
pertrophy of the stratum spinosum of the epi- 
dermis. 
over, + E. acidity, q. v.] Excessive acidity. 
hyperactivity (hi*per-ak-tiv'i-ti), n. [< Gr. 
vrrep, over, + E. activity, q. v.] Over-activity; 
excessive energy. 
Organs which are in a state of hyperactivity easily be- 
come diseased. Medical News, LII. 608. 
hyperacuity (hFper-a-ku'i-ti), n. [< Gr. iiirip, 
over, + E. acuity, q. 'v.] 'Morbid acuteness. 
A case of alleged hypnotic hyperacuity of vision. 
Mind, XII. 154. 
hyperacusis (hFper-a-ku'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
vnep, over, + axovaif, hearing, < aKovciv, hear: see 
acoustic.'] In pathol. , excessive acuteness of the 
sense of hearing. 
hyperacuteness (hi"per-a-kut'nes), n. [< Gr. 
virep, over, + E. acuteness, q. v.] Excessive 
acuteness. 
Subtlety and hyperacuteness were the bane of Scholas- 
ticism, and, by disgusting all serious minds, greatly con- 
tributed towards its overthrow. 
F . Winterton, Mind, XIII. 889. 
i, n. [NL., < 
id, + -osis.] 
latic glands, 
Hypena scabralis, natural size. 
Aspect of the 
vertebral centra. 
hypemia, n. An erroneous form of hypliemia. 
Hypena (hl-pe'na), n. [NL. (Schraiik, 1802), 
< Gr. mrrvji, the hair on the upper lip, mustache, 
appar. < into, under, + -r/vr/, perhaps = Skt. ana, 
the part under the nose.] A genus of pyra- 
lid moths, characterized by the small, rather 
prominent head, 
naked globose 
eyes, simple an- 
tennae, very long 
laterally com- 
pressed palpi, a 
projecting scaly 
tuft on the 
front, and un- 
armed legs, it is 
a large and wide-spread genus, with over 100 species, large- 
ly Asiatic and South American. H. protmscidialix is known 
as the snout-moth, from the prominent palpi. H. humuli 
is a hop-feeder in the United States. H. scabralis is a 
common North American species whose larva feeds on 
grass and clover. 
Hypenidae (hi-pen'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Hypena 
T -j'tfee.] A family of moths, typified by the 
genus Hypena, of the group Pyraliilhia. They 
have broad wings, the anterior ones often bearing tufts 
of elevated scales, the anterior legs not tufted, palpi long 
and ascending, and antennae in the male generally cilhito 
or pubescent. It is an extensive group, of about 16 genera. 
hyper 1 (hi'per), n. [Abbr. of hypenritic.] A hy- 
percritic. [Humorous and rare.] 
Criticks I read on other Men, 
And hypers upon them again. 
Prior, Ep. to F. Shepherd, May 14, 168!>. 
hyper 2 (hi'per), e. i. [Origin obscure.] To 
move about actively; bustle. [Local, U. 8.] 
Hyper: to bustle. "I must hyper about an' git tea." 
Lowell, Biglow Papers, 2d ser., Int. 
,-. ,-, See hyperemia, etc. 
nyperaeolian, hyperaeolic (hi-per-f-6'li-an, 
-ol'ik). See under mode. 
hyperaesthesia (hi^pSr-es-the'si-a), . [NL., < 
Gr. imtp, over, + aiathiaic,, the faculty of sen- 
sation: see cesthesia.] In pathol., excessive 
sensibility; exalted sensation. Also hyperes- 
thesia, hyperaisthesis, hyperesthesis. 
To such a degree has this hypercesthesia been observed 
that patients have been known to scream violently when 
the skin has been only touched. 
F. B. Winslow, Obscure Diseases of the Brain and Mind, xx. 
hyperaesthetic. a. See hyperesthetic. 
hyperalgesia (hi"per-al-je'si-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
v vfp, over, + a^yr/aif, sense of pain, < aAyrii>, feel 
pain.] In pathol., an abnormally great sensi- 
tiveness to pain. 
hyperalgesic (hi'per-al-je'sik), a. [< hyperal- 
gesia + -ic.] Pertaining to or exhibiting hy- 
peralgesia. 
hyperalgia (hi-per-al'ji-a), n. [NL., < Gr. inrep, 
over, + d/. : ' - *" 
hyperaphic (hi-per-af 'ik), a. [< Gr. imlp, over, 
+ d<f>q, touch, < avrciv, touch.] In pathol., hav- 
ing excessive sensitiveness to touch. 
Med. Diet. 
Thomas. 
hyperapophyses, n. Plural of hyperapophysis. 
hyperapophysial (hl-per-ap-o-fiz'i-al), a. [< hy- 
perapophysis + -al.'] In ana't., pertaining to or 
having the character of a hyperapophysis. 
hyperapophysis (hi^per-a-pof 'i-sis), n. ; pi. hy- 
perai>opiiyses (-sez). [NL., < Gr. virip, over, + 
aTt&pvaic., a process: see apophysis.~\ A back- 
wardly projecting process of the neural spine 
of a vertebra. 
It is possible, however, for a neural spine to send back 
a pair of processes (h)iprrapophyses), as in Galago, etc., 
embracing the neural spine next below. 
Mivart, Elem. Anat., p. 45. 
version. 
hyperbaton (hi-p6r'ba-ton), n. ; pi. hyperbata 
(-ta). [ii., < Gr. mepftaT6c,, transposed, verbal 
ad], of wrcpflaivctv, step over, < virep, over, -f- 
jiaiveiv, go.] In gram, and rhet. : (a) A figure 
consisting in departure from the customary or- 
der by placing a word or phrase in an unusual 
position in a sentence ; transposition or inver- 
sion, especially of a bold or violent sort. Hy- 
perbaton is principally used for emphasis : as, " Great is 
Diana of the Ephesians " (Acts xix. 28), for " Diana of the 
Ephesians is great." It also frequently serves to facilitate 
clearness of connection between clauses. In ancient Greek 
and Latin literature it was in constant use to produce a 
rhythmical effect in sentences by arranging words on met- 
rical ratherthan syntactical principles. Itismostfrequent- 
ly used in poetry, being one of the principal means of differ- 
entiating poetic diction from that of prose ; but it is by no 
means rare in oratory in passages of an especially earnest 
or passionate character, and it is very common in excited or 
vehement conversation. Also called trajection. Seesynchy- 
*** (6) An instance or example of such trans- 
position. 
hyperbola (hi -per 'bo -la), n. [= F. hyperbole 
= Sp. hiperbola = Pg. hyperbole = It. iperbola, 
< NL. hyperbola, < Gr. inrepfloty, the conic section 
hyperbola (so called by Apollonius because the 
side of the rectangle on the abscissa equal to the 
square of the ordinate overlaps the latus rectum) 
(see ellipse), lit. excess (see hyperbole), < inrep- 
fiaMziv, throw over, exceed, < iirep, over, 4- /3d?.- 
MIV, throw.] 1 . A curve formed by the intersec- 
tion of a plane with a double cone that is, with 
two similar cones placed vertex to vertex, so 
that one is the continuation of the other, if the 
plane cuts only one of the cones, the section is a circle, an 
ellipse, or a parabola ; but if both cones are cut, the section 
is a hyperbola. A hyperbola may be formed by throwing 
upon a table the shadow of a 
ball the top of which is high- 
er than the source of light. 
It has two asymptotes. It 
through any point of the 
curve lines be drawn paral- 
lel to the asymptotes, the 
parallelogram so formed will 
be of constant area for any 
given hyperbola. The point 
of intersection of the asymp- 
totes is the center of the hy- 
perbola, and is equidistant 
from the two intersections of 
any line through it with the 
hyperbola. The two lines 
through the center bisecting 
the angles of the asymptotes 
are the lines of the axes of the 
hyperbola, and the curve is 
symmetrical with respect to each of these. One of these 
lines cuts the curve, and the points of intersection are 
called the vertices of the hyperbola. The line between the 
vertices is the major or transverse axis of the hyperbola, 
If from the vertices lines be drawn parallel to the two 
asymptotes, the two points at which these lines will meet 
will be the extremities of the minor or conjugate axi. 
Although the axes bear these names, the minor may be 
longer than the major axis. The equation of the hyper- 
bola, referred to its center and axes, is 
&_V?_, 
2 62 
The/oet of the hyperbola are two points on the line of the 
transverse axis distant from the center as far as the ver- 
tices are from the extremities of the conjugate axis. If 
from any point of the curve lines be drawn to the two 
foci, the difference of the lengths of these lines is con- 
stant for any given hyperbola, and the angle between 
them is bisected by the tangent at that point. The eccen- 
tricity of the hyperbola is the secant of half the angle be- 
tween the asymptotes. The parameter or latus rectum 
of a hyperbola is a chord through the focus perpendicular 
to the transverse axis. 
2. An algebraic curve having asymptotes great- 
er in number by one than its order. This mean- 
ing was introduced by Newton __ Acute hyper- 
bola, a hyperbola which lies in the acute angle between 
its asymptotes. Ambigenal, anguineal, etc. , hyperbo- 
la. See the adjectives. Circumscribed hyperbola, 
a hyperbola that crosses both asymptotes __ Common or 
Hyperbola. 
DBF., GAH, are opposite 
branches of a hyperbola ; /', 
f, foci ; C, center; AB, trans- 
verse axis; at>, conjugate axis ; 
NCP, a diameter. 
