hyperphysics 
hyperphysics (hi-per-fiz'iks), . [< Gr. inrip, 
over, + qwiKa, physics : see physics. Cf. meta- 
physics.] The science of that which transcends 
physics. 
Medicine, physics, metaphysics, and hyperphysics. 
Scliaff, Hist. Christ. Church, I. 15. 
hyperplasia (hi-per-pla'si-a), n. pSTL., < Gr. 
v-ip, over, + irl.aaic, a forming, < ir/.aaaeiv, form, 
mold.] In pathol., overgrowth of a part due 
to multiplication of its cells ; excessive cell-re- 
production. Compare kgpertropkj/, 1. 
Interstitial hyperplaria of the connective tissue. 
Buck's Umtdbook of Med. Science*, IV. 669. 
hyperplasic (lu-per-plas'ik), a. [< hyperplasia 
+ -ic.] Same as hyperplaxtic. 
hyperplastiC (hi-per-plas'tik), a. [< Gr. imp, 
over, + 5r>.aorof, formed, < ir'Aaaaeiv, form. Cf. 
hyperplasia.] Pertaining to or exhibiting hy- 
perplasia : as, a hypcrplastic tonsil. 
The cervix was composed of dense, hard, hyperplastic 
tissue, almost cartilaginous in character. 
Medical Newt, XLIX. 383. 
hyperpncea (hl-per-ne'a), n. [NL., < Gr. imep, 
over, + irvoflj, breathing, < jrvtiv, breathe.] In 
pathol., energetic or labored respiration. 
hyperpyrexia (hl"per-pi-rek'si-a), . [NL., < 
Gr. vxsp, over, + irvpeaaeiv, be feverish, < icvpt - 
TOT, a fever: see pyretic.] In pathol., a high de- 
gree of pyrexia or fever. 
hyperpyrexial (hi"per-pi-rek'si-al), a. [< lnj- 
perpyrexia + -al.] Pertaining to or exhibiting 
hyperpyrexia. 
hyper-resonance (hl-per-rez'o-nans), . [< hy- 
per- + rent/nance.'] Exaggerated resonance. 
hypersarcoma (hFper-sar-ko'ma), .; pi. hypei- 
sarcomata (-ma-ta). [NL., < Gr. vn-e/iad/iKu/ia, 
overgrown flesh, ? mspaapnovaOai, have or get 
an excess of flesh, < imep, over, + crapf (oapx-), 
flesh. Cf. sarcoma.] Inpathol., proud or fun- 
gous flesh. 
hypersarcosis (hl"per-sar-ko'sis), n. [NL., < 
Gr. vTrepoapKumf, an overgrowth of flesh, < inrep- 
aapKovmai, have an excess of flesh: see hyper- 
sarcoma.] Same as hypersurcoma. 
hypersecretion (hi"per-se-kre'shon), . [< hy- 
per- + secretion.] Excessive secretion. 
Catarrh Is essentially a hypersecretion of the epithelium. 
Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 378. 
hypersensitive (hl-per-sen'si-tiy), a. [< hyper- 
+ sensitive.] Excessively sensitive. 
There have descended to us numerous persons whose 
nerves are naturally hypersensitive. 
Nineteenth Century, XXII. 659. 
hypersensitiyeness (hl-per-sen'si-tiv-nes), . 
[(hypersensitive + -ness.] The state or char- 
acter of being over-sensitive. 
My pictures are likely to remain as private as the ut- 
most hypernensitivenea could desire. 
Oeorye Eliot, Daniel Deronda, xxxvii. 
hypersensual (hi-per-sen'su-al), a. [< hgper- 
+ sensual.] Same as supersensual. 
hyperspace (hi'per-spas), . [< hyper- + space.] 
A space of more than three dimensions. 
The notion of the quasi-geometrical representation of 
conditions by means of loci in hyperspaceis employed by 
Salmon. 
Cayley, On Curves which Satisfy Given Conditions (1867). 
hyperspherical (hi-per-sfer'i-kal), a. [< hyper- 
+ spherical.] Originating from an extension 
of the conception of spherical harmonics Hy- 
perspherical function of the first kind, the function 
Pn (I, x) when 2<m P n (I, x) is the development by powers 
of of l/(o2 lax + l)i. Hyperspherlcal function 
Of the second kind, a function, Q n (I, x), related to the 
hyperspherical function of the first kind as Q is related to 
P in ordinary spherical functions. 
hyperstene (hi'per-sten), n. An erroneous form 
of hi/persthene. 
hypersthene (hi'per-sthen), n. [So named from 
its difficult frangibility as compared with horn- 
blende, with which it was formerly confounded ; 
< Gr. faip, over, + adcvof, strength.] A mineral 
related to pyroxene, but orthorhombic in crys- 
tallization. It is a silicate of iron and magnesium. It 
was early called Labrador hornblende. Its color is be- 
tween grayish and greenish black, but often with a pecu- 
liar copper-red luster or shimmer on the cleavage-surface, 
due to the presence of minute inclusions. It is usually 
found foliated and massive. Hypersthene andesite. 
See andexite. - Hypersthene gabbro. Same as hyperite. 
-- Hypersthene rock. Same as hypcrsthenite. 
hypersthenia(hl-per-sthe'ui-a). . [NL., < Gr. 
I'jrfp, over, + a6ivo( , strength.] Inpathol., a con- 
dition characterized by extreme excitement of 
all the vital phenomena. 
hypersthenic 1 (hi-per-stheu'ik), a. [< III//HI- 
sthenia + -ic.] In pathol., relating to, char- 
acterized by, or producing over-excitement; 
stimulating; stimulated. 
186 
2951 
hypersthenic- (hi-per-sthen'ik), a. [< hyprr- 
sllit'iic + -ic.] Containing hypersthene; resem- 
bling hypersthene. 
hypersthenite (hl-per-sthe'nit), n. [< hyper- 
sthene + -ite%.] The name given by Naumann 
to a crystalline aggregate of labradorite and 
hypersthene, for which the name norite is now 
preferred. It is a rock closely allied to gabbro. 
Also called hypersthene rock. 
hyperthesis (hi-per'the-sis), M. [< Gr. iirepBc- 
ats, a passing over, a transposition (also ex- 
cess, the superlative degree), < imepTidcvai,^ put 
over, set over, put off (in mid. exceed), < imep, 
over, + Ttdlvai, set, put, ideate, a putting down : 
see thesis.] 1. In anc. pros., interchange of 
quantity in two successive places of a logacedic 
series, so that in one of two lines metrically 
corresponding, as in strophe and antistrophe, 
a long is apparently transferred to a position 
before a short, which it would normally suc- 
ceed, or a short transferred so as to exchange 
places with a preceding long. See polyschc- 
matic. 2. In philol., a transfer or "attraction" 
of a letter from the syllable to which it origi- 
nally belonged to another syllable immedi- 
ately preceding or following it; orthographic 
transposition, or metathesis: thus, in Greek, 
fte^aiva is used for */ie%avta. 3. In the Gr. 
Ch., a fast in addition to those regularly ob- 
served. 
hyperthetic (M-per-thet'ik), . [< Gr. vTrep- 
OeTiKof, superlative (cf. hyperthesis), (. bmpTtot- 
vat, set over: see hyperthesis, and cf. superla- 
tive.] Pertaining to, affected by, or exempli- 
fying hyperthesis: as, the hyperthetic form (of 
a foot or meter); a hypertlietic license. 
hypertheticalt (hi-per-thet'i-kal), a. [As hy- 
jierthetic + -al.] Superlative. 
But herein this case is ruled against such men, that 
they afnrme these hyperthetical or superlative sort of ex- 
pressions and illustrations are too bold, and bumbasted. 
Chapman, Iliad, xv., Comment. 
hypertrichosis (hl / 'per-tri-k6'sis), n. [NL., < 
Gr. iirep, over, + ffpif (rpix.-), hair, + -osis.] 
An abnormally large development of hair either 
locally or generally over the body. 
hypertridimensional (hl-per-trl-di-men'shon- 
al), a. [< hyper- + tridimensional.] In math., 
Having more than three dimensions. 
hypertrophic (M-p6r-trof'ik), a. [< hypertro- 
phy + -ic.] Pertaining to hypertrophy; pro- 
ducing or tending to produce hypertrophy. 
hypertrophical (hi-per-trof 'i-kal), a. [< hyper- 
trophy + -ic-al.] Of the nature of hypertrophy ; 
hypertrophic. 
hypertrophous (hl-per'tro-fus), a. [< hyper- 
troph-y + -ous.] Characterized by hypertro- 
phy : as, hypertrophous cirrhosis. 
hypertrophy (hi-per'tro-fi), n. [< Gr. imep, 
over, + Tpcaji?/, nutrition, < rpefyciv, nourish.] 
1. In pathol., an enlargement of a part of the 
body from excessive growth or multiplication 
of its elements; specifically, an enlargement 
due to growth of the individual elements, as dis- 
tinguished from hyperplasia, where there is a 
multiplication of the cellular elements. Hence 
2. Figuratively, excessive growth or accu- 
mulation of any kind. 
Nights of financial hypertrophy. 
The Century, XXVI. 419. 
Language is not swift enough to give expression to his 
[the hasheesh-eater's] rapid thoughts. There is, as it were, 
an hypertrophy of ideas. What in the normal state would 
cause very trifling discomfort, now (from the effects of 
hasheesh) becomes an unbearable evil, and the patient 
cries and begs for commiseration. 
Pop. Sci. Mo., Aug., 1878, p. 483. 
3. In bot., a general term for all cases of ex- 
cessive growth and increased size in the organs 
of plants, whether the increase is general or 
in a single direction. It includes enlargements, or 
swollen and thickened conditions, which usually result 
from a disproportionate formation of the cellular tissue 
as contrasted with the woody framework of the plant, as 
in the rootstocks of the cultivated carrots, turnips, etc. ; 
elongations, as of roots searching for water ; and enation, 
or excessive development, consisting in the formation of 
supplementary lobes or excrescences from various organs. 
Concentric hypertrophy, thickening of the heart- 
wall with diminished cavity. Also called hypertrophy with 
dilatation. Eccentric hypertrophy of the heart, in- 
crease in size of a heart-cavity, accompanied by hypertro- 
phy of the substance of its wall. Simple hypertrophy, 
thickening of the heart-wall with unchanged cavity. 
hypertrophy (hi-per'tro-fi), v. 4.-, pret. and pp. 
hypertrophied, ppr. hypcrtrophying. [< hyper- 
trophy, n.] To become hypertrophous or en- 
larged from excessive nutrition. 
When a tissue manifests an abnormal tendency to over- 
growth, it is said to hypertrophy. 
Ziegler, Pathol. Anat, (trans.), i. 7i 
Hyphantria 
hypertypic (hl-per-tip'ik), a. [< hyper- + typic.] 
Surpassing the type; attypic to an extreme 
degree. Compare hyp<'ti//>-. 
hypertypical (hi-per-tip'i-kal), a. [< hyprr- 
li/liic + -al.] Same as hypertypn-. 
They [Oceanic negroes] are represented, In what may 
be called a hvpertypteal form, by the extremely dolicho- 
cephalic Kai Colos, or mountaineers of the interior of the 
Feejee Islands. 
W. U. Flower, Pop. Scl. Mo., XXVIII. 318. 
hypethral, hypaethral (hi-pe'thral), a. [< L. 
liypwthnm, < Gr. v-atOpof, under the sky, < inro 
(= L. sub), under, + al6r/p, the sky: see ether 1 .] 
Open to the sky; roofless; not covered in; in 
the open air, as a court, inclosure, or place. 
From time immemorial, in hot and rainy lands, a hy- 
paethral court surrounded by a covered portico, either 
circular or square, was used for the double purpose of 
church and mart. K. F. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 74. 
To this day the Mohammedan mosque retains the outer 
hypcethral court. Edinburgh Rev., CLXIII. 209. 
It is noticeable, too, in passing, what a hypcethral story 
it " Don Quixote "] is, how much of it passes in the open 
air, how the sun shines, the birds sing, the brooks dance, 
and the leaves murmur in it. Lowell, Don Quixote. 
In architecture hypethral is specifically applied to a sup- 
posed ancient type of building lighted by the omission of 
a large section of the roof. This notion is based upon in- 
terpretations of Vitruvius and the negative evidence af- 
forded until now by the lack of remains explaining meth- 
ods of lighting among the ruins of Greek temples. It is 
certain, however, that no Greek temple with its contained 
art treasures was ever intentionally exposed in this way 
to the weather. The temples called hypethral by Greek 
writers were roofless either from accident or from being 
unfinished. In the smaller Greek temples it is probable 
that daylight was admitted only by the door, and that it 
was supplemented by artificial light. In large temples, 
such as the Parthenon at Athens, of which the cella in- 
terior was 100 feet long, it is improbable that the lighting 
was wholly artificial ; but no satisfactory explanation has 
yet been given of its management. It has been conjec- 
tured that such interiors were lighted by a system of 
narrow open channels in the roof, over the side aisles, or 
by series of apertures in the roof serving as windows, 
and capable of being closed. There was no break in the 
ridge-line of the roof, and no superstructure or clearstory 
rising above the roof. See cut under temple. 
hypha (hi'fa), .; pi. hyphai (-fe). [NL., < Gr. 
i-tyil, a weaving, a web, < v^-alveiv, weave, = 
AS. wefan, E. weave : see web, weave.] The ele- 
ment of a thallus in Fungi ; a cylindric thread- 
like branched body consisting of a membrane 
inclosing protoplasm, developing by apical 
growth, and usually becoming transversely 
septate as it develops. Gobel. it is the filament 
or thread of a fungus. The vegetative or growing hyphte 
taken in quantity are called the mycelium. The aecoge- 
noun hyphw are the hypha; or cells from which the ascl 
are derived, as in the sporocarps of some Agcomycetes. See 
fungus. 
hyphaemia, n. See Jiyphetnia. 
Hyphaene (hi-fe'ne), . [NL. (Gartner, 1801), 
< Gr. vipaivciv, weave : see hypha.] A genus of 
palms of the tribe Borassece, with branching 
trunks, each branch terminating in a tuft of 
large fan-shaped leaves, from among which the 
branching catkin-like spikes of flowers are pro- 
duced. The different sexes are in separate trees. The 
fruit has a thick fibrous rind with a smooth polished skin, 
inclosing a single hollow seed. Nine species are known, 
natives of tropical Africa, Arabia, and Madagascar. H. 
Thebaica is the gingerbread-tree or doom-palm. 
hyphaeresis. . See hypheresis. 
hyphai (hl'fal), a. [< hypha + -al.] Pertain- 
ing to or of the nature of a hypha : as, hyphai 
tissue. 
In Lichens the thallus consists of a hyphai element of 
anastomosing and interlacing filaments. 
Encyc. Brit., l\. 107. 
Hyphantes (hi-fan'tez), n. [NL., < Gr. ifav- 
T?if, a weaver, < vifiaivciv, weave: see hypha.] 1. 
A genus of American orioles, of a family Icteri- 
fte, established by Vieillot in 1816, in the form 
Tphantes, for such species as the Baltimore ori- 
ole and the orchard-oriole. See Icterus, 3. 2. 
A genus of arachnidans. Billberg, 1820. 
Hyphantornis (hl-fan-tor'nis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
tjavTJK, a weaver, + bpvif, a bird.] A lead- 
ing genus of African weaver-birds, of the fam- 
ily Ptoceidce, 
covering a 
large num- 
ber of spe- 
cies usually 
classed un- 
der Ploceus 
or Textor, 
such as H. 
ciK'iilIata. G. 
B. Gray, 
1840. 
Hyphantria 
r -r T Fall Web-worm (ffyffianfria cttnea), natural 
a), It. Ll>lj., sj 2e . a, caterpillar ; b, pupa ; f, moth. 
