Hyphantria 
< Gr. vQavrpia, fern, of vijiavr^, a weaver : see Hy- 
phantes.] A genus of bombycid moths, having 
wings like those of Spilosoma, from which it 
differs in the labial palpi, of which the second 
joint is very short, and the terminal joint almost 
rudimentary, a. cuma is a common species, which 
forms a web on forest- and shade-trees, in which the larvm 
live gregariously; they are known as/oK well-worms. Har- 
ris, 1841. 
hyphasma (hi-faz'ma), . ; pi. hypluixiiuttii 
(-ma-ta). [NL., < Or.' vQaofia, a thing woven, 
a web, [robe, < vQaivttv, weave : see hy pita.] 1. 
In hot., a name formerly applied to certain non- 
fructifying inycelial growths common in damp, 
dark places. They probably represent the ster- 
ile mycelia of some of the higher fungi. 2. In 
the Gr. Clt. , one of four small pieces of cloth, 
embroidered with the names or symbols of the 
evangelists, placed on the angles of the mensa 
or top of the altar, before it is vested with the 
catasarca and ependysis. 
hyphemia, hyphaemia (hl-fe'mi-S,), n. [NL. 
Unkamta, < Gr. ifm^or, suffused with blood, 
bloodshot, < inr&, under, + a't/ia, blood.] In 
pathol. : (a) Deficiency of blood. (6) Extrava- 
sation of blood. 
hyphen (hi'fen), n. [< LL. hyphen, n. and adv., 
\ Gr. ixbev, a sign (w) for joining two syllables 
or words, also used in music, prob. to indicate 
that two notes were to be blended together; 
prop, an adv., vipiv, or rather a phrase, irf tv, 
under one, into one, together, as one word: 
vp, aspirated form before the rough breathing 
of iff', the form before a vowel of fa6, under; 
ev, neut. ace. of cif, one.] 1. In paleography, 
a curve placed below the line so as to unite the 
parts of a compound word, and to indicate that 
they are not to bo separated or read as distinct 
words: as, dtoanovpoi that is, itoanovpot, not 
A<6f Kovpoi; Trcpti&tavs that is, irepiK?.eovf, not 
irepi /Move; anterolans that is, antevolatis, not 
ante volans, etc. In its use the hyphen is the exact op- 
posite of the diastole or hyppdiastole. 
2. In writing and printing, a short line (-) used 
to connect two words or elements: namely, (a) 
erly to form a compound word ; (6) to join syl- 
lables which are for any purpose arbitrarily 
separated, as in regular syllabication (as in 
el-e-men-tal), at the end of a line to connect the 
syllables of a divided word (as in the third line 
of this paragraph), to indicate the pronuncia- 
tion (as in the respellings for the pronuncia- 
tions in this dictionary), and to indicate or sep- 
arate the etymological parts of a word, stem, 
affixes, etc., often without regard to the sylla- 
bles (as in element-al, intro-duct-ion, su-spic- 
ious). At the end of such an etymological element it 
indicates a prefix, as a-, in-, pre-, etc. ; before an element 
it indicates a snilix, as -a, -in, -ous, etc. 
Hyphen is, as it wer, a band uniting whol wordes joined 
in composition ; as, a hand-maed. 
A. Hume, Orthographic (E. K T. S.), p. 23. 
hyphen (hi'fen), v. t. [< hyphen, n.] To join 
by a hyphen, as two words, so as to form a com- 
pound word. Also hyphenize, hyphenate. 
hyphenate (hi'fen-at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. hy- 
phenated, ppr. hyphenating. [^ hyphen + -ate 2 .] 
Same as hyphen. 
hyphenation (hl-fe-na'shon), n. [< hyphenate 
+ -ion.] The act of joining with a hyphen, or 
the state of being so joined; use of hyphens. 
The folio does not differ in the way of italicising, hy- 
phenation, etc., from scores of books at that time. 
The Academy, April 21, 1888, p. 278. 
hyphenic (hl-fen'ik), a. [< hyphen + -ic.] 
Of or pertaining to the hyphen. 
The following I should call a hyphenic error. 
N. and Q., 1st ser., IV. 204. 
hyphenization (hi'fen-i-za'shon), n. [< hy- 
phen + -ize + -ation.] The act of hyphening, 
or the condition of being hyphened. 
A neglect of mental hyphenization often leads to mis- 
take as to an author's meaning, particularly in this age of 
morbid implication. Jf. and Q., 1st ser., IV. 204. 
hyphenize (Iri'feu-Iz), v. t. Same as hyphen. 
hypheresis, hyphaeresis (hi-fer'e-sis), n. [NL. 
hyplmresis, < Gr. fyalpeeq, a taking away, in the 
omission of a letter, < inbaipelv, take away from 
under, < im6, under, + alpeiv, take.] In philoL, 
the act of taking away or shortening : as, syl- 
labic hypheresis. 
hyphqdrome (hi'fo-drom), . [< Gr. itf, a 
weaving, + ipopog, a running.] In bot., having 
all the veins except the midrib more or less 
deeply buried in the thick mesophyl, and very 
2952 
indistinctly visible or wholly concealed : a term 
introduced into the nomenclature of leaf-ner- 
vation by Ettingshausen in 1854. See nervation. 
Hyphomycetes (hi"fo-mi-se'tez), n. pi. [NL. 
(Link, 1824), < Gr. iiifJi, a web (see hypha), + 
fii'Kr/f, pi. /lino/ref, a mushroom, fungus.] One 
of the six principal groups into which all fungi 
have been divided, characterized by having the 
spores naked, on conspicuous threads. It in- 
cludes Peronosporece, Penicutium, etc. In modern sys- 
tems of classification the Hyphomycetes are referred to 
what are called fungi imperfecti, or imperfectly known 
forms, many of which are known or suspected to be asex- 
ual stages of Axcowycetes. The groups include all fungi 
composed simply of branched or unbranched hyptue. Also 
called filamentous fungi. 
hyphomycetous (hl'fo-mi-se'tus), a. [< Hy- 
phomycetes.] Pertaining or relating to, or char- 
acteristic of, the Hyphomycetes; contained in 
the group Hyphomycetes: as, hyphomycetous 
fungi. 
The Entylomete, on the other hand, are simple hypho- 
mycetous forms, and other species, those especially which 
live in leaves (species of Tilletia and I'rocystls), are inter- 
mediate between the two extremes. 
De Bary, Fungi (trans.), p. 172. 
hyphostromat (hi-fo-stro'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. 
v<t>r/, a web, + arpu/M, a bed : see stroma, 2.] In 
bo t., the mycelium or spawn of fungals. Lind- 
ley. 
hypidiomprphic (hip-id'i-o-mor'fik), a. [< hyp-, 
hypo-, + idiomorphic.] Partially or incomplete- 
ly idiomorphic. 
The order being first plagloclase in more or less idio- 
morphic lath-shaped individuals lying in all positions, 
then augite generally allotriomorphic, sometimes hjipidi- 
omorphic. Amer. Geologist, I. 204. 
hypidiomorphically (hip-id'i-o-mdr'fi-kal-i), 
adv. In a nypidiomorphic manner; not en- 
tirely idiomorpnically. 
The rock is hypidiomorphically granular. 
Amer. Naturalist, .XXII. 209. 
hypinosis (hip-i-no'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. vx6, un- 
der, + 1; (iv-), strength, fiber, + -osw.] In pa- 
thol., that condition of the blood in which an 
unusually small amount of fibrin is formed on 
clotting : opposed to hyperinosis. 
hypinotic (hip-i-not'ik), a. [< hypinosis (-ot-) 
T -ic.] Characterized by deficiency of fibrin. 
hypisomerous (hip-i-som'e-rus), a. [NL., < 
Gr. iiro, under, + ioo/jEpifc , isbmerous : see isome- 
rous.] In odontog., noting molars in which the 
transverse ridges increase in number by one 
on successive teeth : opposed to isomerous : cor- 
related with anisomerous. 
Hypnaei (hip-ne'l), n. pi. [NL., < Hypnum, q. v.] 
A natural order of pleurocarpous or lateral- 
fruited mosses, including the single genus Hyp- 
num. Also called Hypnoideas and Hypnece. 
hypnagogic (hip-na-goj'ik), a. [< Gr. virvoc, 
sleep, + ayuyof, leading, < ayetv, lead.] Lead- 
ing to sleep ; inducing sleep ; hypnotic. 
It has been noted by H. Meyer of "hypnagogic illu- 
sions," and by Gruithuisen of hallucinations which con- 
sist in the surviving of dream-images into waking mo- 
ments, that they can give rise to after-images. 
E. Ourney, Proc. Soc. Psych. Research, III. 180, note. 
Hypnea (hip'ne-a), . [NL., < Hypnum, q. v.] 
A genus of red or purple alga?, belonging to 
the order Floridece and the type of the sub- 
order Hypnea;. They have filiform fronds, virgately 
branched, with subulate branchlets, composed of an In- 
ternal layer of large roundish-angular cells, which become 
smaller outward, and a cortex of small, colored, polygo- 
nal cells. The tetraspores are zonate, and the cystocarps 
are external and borne on the branchlets. The genus con- 
tains 25 or 30 species, mostly tropical and ill-defined. // . 
muc\formii is found on the southern coast of Mew Eng- 
land. 
Hypneaceae (hip-ne-a'se-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(Agardh, 1876), < Hypnea + -acece.] An or- 
der of red algoe, of the class Floridea;, includ- 
ing, according to Agardh, the tribes Endocla- 
diea and Hypnew and 7 genera. 
Hypneae (hip'ne-e), n.pl. [NL. (Agardh, 1876), 
< Hypnea + -eie.] In hot. : (n) A tribe, or ac- 
cording to some authorities a suborder, of algae, 
typified by the genus Hypnea. The fronds are fili- 
form or compressed, and branching : the tetraspores are 
zonate ; and the cystocarps are external or partly im- 
mersed, and filled with a spongy cellular mass, in which 
the spores are borne in small tufts on a branching fila- 
mentous placenta, (j) Same as Hypnaii. 
hypnobate (hip'no-bat), n. [< Gr. OTVOC, sleep, 
+ /3arof, verbal adj. of paiveiv, go, = L. venire 
= E. come.] A sleep-walker ; a somnambulist. 
[Rare.] 
hypnobatia (hip-no-ba'ti-a), n. [NL., < hyp- 
nobate, q. v.] Somnambulism ; a condition of 
the brain which occasions the individual to ex- 
ecute during sleep some of those actions that 
take place in the waking state. 
hypnospore 
(hip'no-sist), n. [< Gr. i 
f, sleep, 
hypnocyst 
+ m'-'OTtf, bladder (cyst).] A sleeping cyst; a 
quiescent encysted protozoan which does not 
sporulate. 
The sclerotia are similar to the kypnocystg and other 
Protozoa. E. K. Lankester, Encyc. Brit., XIX. 841. 
Some of the Ciliata (notably the common Vorticellje) 
have been observed to enclose themselves in cysts ; but it 
does not appear that these are anything more than " hyp- 
nocysts," from which the animal emerges unchanged after 
a period of drought or deficiency of food. 
E. R. Lankeeter, Encyc. Brit., XIX. 864. 
HypnodeS (hip-no'dez), n. [NL., < Gr. inr 
of a sleepy nature, drowsy, < vxvof, sleep, -f 
t(Moc, form.] A genus of crested gallinules, 
the only species of which is H. cristata, of In- 
dia, Ceylon, and Java. Beichenbach, 1853. 
hypnogenesis (hip-no-jen'e-sis), . [NL., < Gr. 
inri'of, sleep, + yeveois, generation.] The pro- 
duction of hypnotism ; induction of the trance. 
Also hypnogeny. 
hypnogenetic (hip"no-je-net'ik), a. [< hypno- 
genesis, after genetic.] Same as hypnogenous. 
Physical methods |of hypnotization], especially hypno- 
genetic zones, do not exist except as the results of sugges- 
tion. Science, XII. 222. 
hypnogenetically (hip"uo-je-net'i-kal-i), adv. 
By hypnogi'nesis; as regards hypnogenesis. 
hypnogenic (hip-no-jen'ik), a. [< hypnogeny + 
-ic.] Same as liypnogenoutt. 
Polarizing action is in general hypnogenic. 
Amer. Jour. Ptychol., I. 602. 
hypnogenous (hip-noj'e-nus), a. [< Gr. inrvof, 
sleep, -t- -yevfa, producing : see -genons.] Pro- 
ducing hypnotism ; inducing the hypnotic con- 
dition; pertaining to hypnogeny. Also hypno- 
genetic, hypnogenic. 
No attempt . . . has been made to correlate this hyp- 
nogenous force or suggestion at a distance with hypnoge- 
nous agencies employed in the subject's actual presence. 
F . W. B. 31 yen, Proc. Soc. Psych. Research, Oct., 1880, 
[p. 127. 
hypnogeny (hip-noj'e-ui), . [< Gr. im-vof, sleep, 
+ -yivtia : see -geny.] Same as hypnogenesis. 
Certain recent events, however, have given special im- 
portance to this topic of trance-induction or hypnogeny. 
E. Gurruy, Mind, XII. 214. 
Hypnoideaa (hip-noi'de-e), n. pi. [NL., < Hyp- 
num + -oidea;.] Same as Hypnaii. 
hypnological (hip-no-loj'i-kal), a. Of or per- 
taining to hypnplogy. 
hypnologist (hip-nol'o-jist), w. [< liypnology 
+ -ist.] One versed in hypnology. 
hypnology (hip-nol'p-ji), re. [< Gr. itvvoc,, = L. 
soinnttg, sleep, + -/.oj/a, < /fjew, speak: see 
-ology.] The sum of scientific knowledge con- 
cerning sleep. 
hypnone (hip'non), w. [< Gr. inrvof, = L. SO/HUMS, 
sleep, + -one.] A crystalline substance (Co 
H 8 O) fusing at 15 C., boiling at 98 C., used 
in medicine as a hypnotic. 
Various other hypnotics have been more recently pro- 
posed, such as ... hypnone and methylal. 
Medical yews, III. 547. 
hypnophobia (hip-no-fo'bi-a), . [NL.,< Gr. 
vTwf, sleep, -r ^o/3of, fear.] A morbid dread 
of falling asleep, 
hypnoscope (hip'no-skop), n. [< Gr. imvoc., 
sleep, + oKoxelv, view.] See the extract. 
The hypnoscope, which is simply a small hollow mag- 
net to be held on the finger, and, when thus giving rise to 
peculiar sensations, is claimed to show that the holder is 
a good hypnotic subject. Science, X. 188. 
hypnosis (hip-no'sis), . [< Gr. inrvof, sleep, + 
-osis.] 1. The production of sleep. Dunglison. 
2. The hypnotic state ; hypnotism. 
In hypnosis, spontaneous or induced, there is often an 
exaltation of memory. Amer. Jour, of Psychol., I. 514. 
hypnosperm (hip 'no-sperm), n. [NL., < Gr. 
wrvof, sleep, + aitfp/ua, seed.] In bot., a rest- 
ing spore ; in algse, an oosperm or zygosperm, as 
the case may be, which after the act of fertili- 
zation has taken place sinks to the bottom of 
the water, where it passes through a period of 
rest before germinating. Also hypnospore. 
It [the zygosperml then remains dormant through the 
winter as a resting cell or hypnoyperm, germinating in the 
spring. Bennett and Murray, Crypt Bot., p. 2S6. 
hypnosporange (hip-no-spo-ranj'), n. [< liyp- 
noxporangium.] Same'as hypnosporangium. 
hypnosppranginm (hip'no-spo-rau'ji-um), n. 
[NL., CGr. irrn'of, sleep, +' oiropa, spore, + dj- 
yciov, a cup.] In bot., a sporangium containing 
or inclosing hypnospores. 
hypnospore (hip'no-spor), n. [NL., < Gr. iiTrvof, 
sleep, T- airopd, a spore.] A resting spore; a 
spore that reposes some time before germinat- 
ing. Compare hypnosperm. 
