hypoderma 
first sense by Kraus (1865). It is most common- 
ly collenehyma. Also hypoderm. 2. [c/>.] A 
genus of hypodermic dipterous insects, or bot- 
flies, of the family (Estridce, species of which live 
under the skin of various ruminant and other 
hoofed quadrupeds. R. borin is the bot-fly of the 
ox. A related species, H. liitearia, is known ill 
Texas as the heel-fly, from attacking the heels of 
cattle. Clark, 1815. 3. [cry*.] Agenusofchi- 
ropterous mammals, or bats. Geoffroy, 1829. 
hypodermal (hi-po-der'nial), a. and n. [As hy- 
poderm-ic + -al.] I. a. Same as hypodermic. 
[Rare.] 
II. n. In sponges, a hypodermale. 
hypodermale (hi po-der-ma'le), .; pi. hypoder- 
malia (-li-a). [NL.': see hypodermal.'] A pen- 
tact sponge-spicule of the outer surface, with 
immersed radial ray only. F. E. Sehulge. 
hypodermatic (hi"po-der-mat'ik), a. and n. 
[As hypoderm-ic + -atic 2 .] I. a. Same as hy- 
podermic. [Bare.] 
I should resort to hypodermatic injections. 
Buck's Handbook of Med. Sciences, V. 11. 
II. n. A hypodermic injection. 
I again administered the hypodermatic of morphia. 
Medical News, LII. 293. 
hypodermatically (M*po-der-mat'i-kal-i), adv. 
Hypodermically. 
It is, moreover, impossible to use the bichloride hypo- 
dermatically about the legs without producing abscesses. 
Medical News, LII. 273. 
Hypodermiae (hi-po-der'mi-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(Fries), < Gr. inr6, under, + dipfia, the skin.] A 
division of fungi, propagated, so far as known, 
only by asexual spores, and growing under 
and through the epidermis of living plants. 
By Fries it was called an order, including the UttUagi- 
neee and Uredimtv as suborders. De Bary (1861) made 
it one of the four groups into which he divided the fungi, 
without altering its application. In Conn's system of 
classification (1872) it was made a section of the order 
Basidiogpi>recK, still including, however, the Ustilaginece 
and Uredinece. The studies of De Bary and others have 
thrown much additional light upon the life-history of these 
forms, with the result of showing that the two groups are 
not very closely related. Consequently, by later systema- 
tists the Uredinece have been raised to the rank of a class 
coordinate with the Basidiomyceten, and the Utttttaginece 
included as an order in the class Zygomycetes, the division 
Hypodermioe being abandoned. 
hypodermic (hl-po-der'mik), a. and . [< Gr. 
mi), under, + Sep/ia, the skin (cf. hypoderm), + 
-ic.] I. a. 1. Pertaining or relating to parts 
under the skin ; subcutaneous ; employed in in- 
troducing foreign substances under the skin: 
specifically applied to a mode of administering 
medicines by introducing them under the skin: 
as, a hypodermic syringe. 
The galvanic excitation of the lower limb, or the hypo- 
dermic injection of strychnine into it. 
Prize Essays, Conn. Med. Soc., 1868. 
2. Burrowing in or under the skin ; infesting 
the integuments: as, a hypodermic insect. 3. 
Of or pertaining to the hypoderm in arthro- 
pods: as, a hypodermic layer; hypodermic cells. 
II. n. 1. In med., a remedy introduced un- 
der the skin, as morphia or other narcotic agent. 
2. A hypodermic injection or syringe. 
hypodermical (hi-po-der'mi-kal), a. Same as 
hypodermic. 
hypodermically (hl-po-der'mi-kal-i), adv. In 
a hypodermic manner; under the skin. 
hypbdermis (hl-po-der'misX . [NL., < Gr. 
v-oSepfiif, lit. underskin, < vx6, under, T iepfia, 
skin.] 1. In annelids, as the earthworm, a 
thick layer, below the cuticula, of reticulated or 
nucleated tissue, in the meshes of which is a 
copious transparent gelatinous substance. It 
is considered by some as probably representing 
both the dermis and the epidermis of other ani- 
mals. 2. In entom., a soft cellular substance 
or tissue lining the abdominal wall of an insect, 
within the chitinous investment. The more super- 
ficial parts of it represent an ectoderm or epidermis, the 
deeper portion being a parietal layer of the mesoderm. 
hypodermoclysis (M"po-der-mok'li-sis), . 
[NL., < Gr. VKO, under, -I- 6ep/ia, skin, + Kkvatf, 
a drenching by a clyster.] The injection of 
large quantities of a liquid, as water, under the 
skin, with a view to replenishing the blood. 
hypodiapason (hi-po-dl-a-pa'zon), n. [< Gr. 
virA, under, + <5i<nraauv, diapason :' see diapason.'] 
In early music, the interval of an octave when 
measured downward; a suboctave. 
hypodiapente (hi-po-di-a-pen'te), n. [< Gr. 
w6, under, + otaxevre, diapente: see diapente.] 
In early munic, the interval of a perfect fifth 
when measured downward. 
hypodiastole (hi'po-dl-as'to-le), . [NL., < Gr. 
'Ji, a slight stop, a mark to divide the 
2955 
syllables of a word, < vir6, under, + itaoro/y, a 
separation: see diastole.'] In Gr. gram., same 
as diastole, 3. 
hypodiatessaron (Iri-po-dl-a-tes'a-ron), n. [< 
Gr. tiiro, under, + 6ia.Tcaaapuv, diatessaron : see 
diataMoroa.] In early music, the interval of a 
perfect fourth when measured downward. 
hypodiazeuxis (hi-po-dl-a-zuk'sis), n. [< Gr. 
I'Tro, under, + Siifevfif, diazeuxis : see diazeuxis.'] 
In early m usic, the separation of two tetrachords 
by the interval of a fifth, as between the meson 
and the diezeugmenon. See tetrachord. 
hypodidascalt (hT'po-di-das'kal), . [< L. hy- 
jKiilidascalus, < Gr. vTro6i6a.OKa7.os, an under- 
teacher, < two, under, + itMoica).os, a teacher : 
see didascalic.] An under-teacher. [Bare.] 
There is the star of eloquence, under whom I am an hy- 
podidascal in English, his usher. 
Shirley, Txjve Tricks, iii. 5. 
hypoditone (hi-po-di'ton), . [< Gr. int6, un- 
der, + dirovov, the major third : see ditone.] In 
early music, the interval of a major third when 
measured downward. 
hypodorian (hi-po-do'ri-an), a. [< hypo- + 
Dorian,] See under mode. 
hypodorianic (M-po-do-ri-an'ik), a. [< hypo- 
dorian + -ic.] See under mode. 
hypogaeal, hypogaean, etc. See hypogeal, etc. 
Hypogaei (hl-po-je'I), n. pi. [NL., pi. of LL. 
hypoyceus, hypogcus, underground: see hypoge- 
al.'] A family of gasteromycetous fungi, re- 
sembling the truffles in their habit of under- 
ground growth. 
hypogastria, . Plural of hypogastrium. 
hypOgastric(hi-po-gas'trik),a. [(hypogastrium 
+ -ic.] In anat., situated below the stomach; 
specifically, of or pertaining to the hypogas- 
trium. Hypogastrie artery, the principal branch of 
the internal iliac artery of the fetus, passing out of the 
body at the navel, and along the umbilical cord to the 
placenta, whence also called umbilical artery. There are 
a pair of these arteries, right and left. After birth the 
portion of each which is outside the body is cast off, and 
that portion within the body which becomes an impervious 
cord takes part in the formation of the urachus, while a 
small portion which remains pervious becomes known as 
the superior vesical artery. See cut under embryo. Hy- 
pogastric lobe of the carapace of a brachyurous crus- 
tacean, one of the posterolateral subdivisions of the cara- 
pace. See cut under Brachyura. Hypogastrlc plex- 
uses, plexuses of sympathetic nerves derived from the 
aortic plexus. Hypogastrlc region, the hypogastrinm. 
See abdominal regions, under abdominal. 
hypogastrium (hl-po-gas'tri-um), n.; pi. hypo- 
gastria (-a). [NL., <C Gr. moyaarpiov, the lower 
belly, neut. of iiroyaarptof, pertaining to the 
lower part of the belly, abdominal, < t'jr<j, under, 
below, + yaarr/p, belly.] In human anat., the 
lower part of the belly ; an abdominal region 
below the umbilical region and between the 
right and left iliac or inguinal regions. See 
abdominal regions, under abdominal. 
hypogastrocele (hi-po-gas'tro-sel), n. [< Gr. 
viroyaarpiov, the lower belly, + Krfkri, a tumor.] 
In surg., a hernia through the walls of the lower 
belly. 
hypogea. n. Plural of hypogewm. 
hypogeal, hypogaeal (hi-po-je'al), a. [< LL. 
hypogeus, hypogceus, < Gr. inr6yeu>f, later Attic 
inroyaioc, under the earth, underground, subter- 
ranean, < vn6, under, + yrj, yala, the earth, the 
ground.] Subterranean; underground; in bot., 
growing beneath the surface of the earth, as 
parts of plants, or in a few instances entire 
plants, as the truffle and the tuckahoe. Also 
liypogeous, hypogceous, hypogean, hypogcean. 
This Roman site ... is certain to reveal a rich hypogeal 
harvest if it be systematically approached. 
Athenaeum, No. 3067, p. 182. 
hypogean, hypogaean (hl-po-je'an), a. [As 
hypogeal + -an.~\ Same as hypogeal. 
In any hypogean insect which continually uses its claws 
in burrowing, the need of shedding and renewal of those 
organs is apparent. Science, V. 519. 
hypogee (hi'po-je), . [< L. Itypogeum : see hy- 
pogeum.~\ Same as hypogeum. 
The earlier accounts of the painted hypogees of Etruria. 
C. O. Miiller, Manual of Archaiol. (trans.), 177. 
hypogeiodyt (hl-po-ji'o-di), n. [< Gr. Myeiof, 
underground (see hypogeal), + bdof, way.] The 
art of laying out mines and tunnels and of map- 
ping caves; subterranean surveying. Dce,Pref. 
to Euclid (1570). 
hypogene (hi'po-jen), a. [< Gr. inr6, under, + 
-)!%, -produced: see-ffen.] Produced or form- 
ed under or below (the earth's surface) ; nether- 
formed; specifically, in geol., said of rocks which 
have assumed their present form and structure 
beneath the surface; Plutonic: a term applied 
more especially to the granitic rocks : opposed 
to epigene. 
hypognathous 
I proposed in the Principles of Geology the term "hy- 
pogene," ... a word implying the theory that granite, 
gneiss, and the other crystalline formations are alike 
nether form ed rocks, or rocks which have not assumed their 
present form and structure on the surface. 
Lyell, Elem. of Geology (ed. 1865), p. 9. 
Hypogene or Plutonic action. The changes within the 
earth caused by original internal heat and by chemical 
action. A. Geikif, Geology (2d ed.), p. 178. 
hypogenous (hi-poj'e-uus), a. [< Gr. v-6, un- 
der, + -yevfi<;, -produced (cf. hypogene), + -otts.] 
1. Produced below or upon the under surface : 
applied to fungi growing upon the under side 
of leaves: distinguished from epigenous and 
cpiphylloiis. Also hypophylloxs. 2. Growing 
beneath the surface, as the cephalodia of some 
lichens. Also hypomenons. 
liypogeous, hypogaeous (hi-po-je'us), a. [< LL. 
HypogceuR, underground : see hypogeal.^ Same 
as hypogeal. 
hypogeum, hypogaeum (hl-po-je'um), n.; pi. 
hypogea, hypor/tea (-a). [L., < Gr. vn&yttav, im6- 
yaiov, an underground chamber, neut. of imbyeux;, 
f, underground : see hypogeal.'] Inarch., 
Hypogeum. Tomb of K 
showing the so 
that part of a building which is below the level 
of the ground, including cellars, vaults, etc. ; 
also, any underground construction, chamber, 
etc., as the syringes of ancient Egypt, or the 
tombs of the Etruscans. Also hypogee. 
The tombs of Beni Hassan . . . are situated on the east- 
ern side of the Nile, and are almost the only hypogea that 
are so placed in Egypt. J. Ferguson, Hist. Arch., 1. 110. 
A series of hypogea, or caves sunk in the solid rock. 
Eucyc. Brit., II. 395. 
hypogeusia (hl-po-jo'si-a), . [NL., < Gr. vx6, 
under, + ycvaif, the sense of taste, < yevetv, give 
to taste: seef/ws* 2 .] Diminution of the sense 
of taste. 
hypoglossal (hi-po-glos'al), a. and n. [< Gr.turo', 
under, + y'Auaaa, tne tongue, + -al. Cf. hypoglos- 
sis."] I. a. Situated under the tongue, wholly 
or in part: specifically applied to a pair of 
nerves Hypoglossal nerve, either of the twelfth or 
last pair of cranial nerves of most vertebrates. It is the 
motor nerve of the tongue and associate parts. In man 
the hypoglossal arises from the medulla oblongata by sev- 
eral filaments, in a line with the anterior roots of the spi- 
nal nerves, leaves the cranial cavity by the anterior con- 
dyloid foramen, descends the neck deeply to a point oppo- 
site the angle of the lower jaw, winds around the origin 
of the occipital artery, crosses the carotid, and enters the 
substance of the tongue between the mylohyoid muscle 
and the hyoglossal. See second cut under brain. 
II. n. A hypoglossal nerve. Also hypoglos- 
sus. 
hypoglossi, . Plural of hypoglossus. 
hypoglossis, hypoglottis (hi-po-glos'is, -glot'- 
is), n. [NL.. < Gr. moy'Auaaii;, viroy/Mrris, a swell- 
ing on the under side of the tongue, the under 
surface of the tongue, < vir6, under, + yhuaaa, 
y^orra, the tongue.] 1. In anat., the under part 
of the tongue. 2. Anything under the tongue, 
(a) In pathol., a sublingual tumor. See ramila. (b) A 
lozenge or pill to be kept under the tongue till dissolved. 
3. In entom., an outer division of the mentum, 
generally concealed or aborted, but visible in 
certain Coleoptera. 
hypoglossus (hi-po-glos'us), n. ; pi. hypoglossi 
(-i). [NL., < Gr. WTO, under, + yAaaaa, tongue.] 
1. In ichth.: (a) A nerve of some fishes, as 
sharks, formed by the coalescence of the ven- 
tral or anterior roots of the last three cranial 
nerves, and extending to certain muscles of the 
shoulder-girdle, (b) [cap.] A genus of fishes, 
containing the halibut: same as Hippoglossus. 
Smith, 1833. 2. In anat., same as hypoglossal. 
hypoglottis, . See hypoglossis. 
hypognathism (hl-pog'na-thizm), n. [As hy- 
pognath-ous + -ism.] The quality or condition 
of being hypognathous. Coues, 1864. 
hypognathous (hl-pog'na-thus), a. [< Gr. vn-6, 
under, + yvadof, jaw.] In ornith., having the 
