hypostatical 
hypostatical (hi-po-stat'i-kal), a. [< hypostat- 
ic + -al.] Same as hypoxtatir. 
But the word hypostatical is understood only by those 
. . . that are learned in the Greek tongue, and is properly 
used ... of the union of the two natures of Christ in one 
person. llubltts, Aus. to Bp. Bramhall, p. 434. 
hypostatically (hi-po-stat'i-kal-i), adv. In a 
hypostatie manner ; personally ; in actual sub- 
stance. 
The only true and eternal God hypostatically joined with 
his holy humanity. 
Jer. Taylor, Liberty of Prophesying, 20. 
hypostatization (hi-pos'ta-ti-za'shon), n. [< 
hypostatise + -atitin.] The act of hypostatiz- 
ing, or the state of being hypostatized. Also 
hypos tasiza tion. 
Cousin is correct in pointing out, from the Realistic 
point of view, that it is one thing to deny the hypostatiza- 
tion of an accident like colour or wisdom, and another 
thing to deny the foundation in reality of those " true 
and legitimate universals " which we understand by the 
terms genera and species. Kncyc. Brit., XXI. 421. 
hypostatize (hi-pos'ta-tiz), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
hypostatized, ppr. hypostatizing. [< hypostat-ic 
+ -ize.] To attribute substantial existence 
to ; make into or regard as a distinct individ- 
ual substance or reality. A hypostatized attribute 
is one which is Itself regarded as the subject of attributes 
or characters ; and a hypostatized relation is one treated 
as having relations to other relations. Also hypogtatuie, 
hypostasise, hypostasize. 
We then hypostatise the zero ; we baptize it with the 
name of the absolute. Sir W. Hamilton. 
If we can hypostatize the community, and treat it as an 
individual with magnified but human wants and satisfac- 
tions, then, for this leviathan, the ethical end will cor- 
respond to what is called Utilitarianism or Universalistic 
Hedonism. W. . Sorley, Ethics of Naturalism, p. 43. 
hyposterna. . Plural of hyposternum. 
hyposternai (hi-po-ster'nal), a. 1. Situated 
or occurring below the sternum; substernal: 
as, hyposternai pain. 2. Of or pertaining to 
the hyposternum or hypoplastron: as, the hypo- 
sternal scute of a tortoise. See plastron. 
hyposternum (hl-po-st6r'num), .; pi. hypo- 
sterna (-na). [NL.,< Gr. vKoartpvav, neut. of vir6- 
cTepvos, under the breast, < vrc6, under, + arip- 
vov, the breast.] The third lateral piece of the 
plastron of a turtle : called the hypoplastron by 
Huxley. See second cut under C'helonia. 
hypostigma (hi-po-stig'ma), n.; pi. hypostigmai 
(-mi). [< Gr. vKoany/iij, a comma, < v n6, under, 
+ criyfiTj, a point : see stigma.] In paleography, 
a point like the modern period, used with the 
value of a comma. Also hypostigme. 
hypostoma (hi-pos'to-raa), n.; pi. hypostomata 
(hi-po-sto'ma-ta). [NL., < Gr. i~6, under, + 
ar6ua, mouth.] 1. An inferior part or organ of 
the mouth of arthropods and some other animals, 
(a) The clypeus of dipterous insects, (4) The broad curved 
sclerite behind the lamina lablalis of myriapods. Meinert. 
(c) A median formation below and behind the mouth-parts 
of some crustaceans, as the Euryptfrida. Also called we- 
tastoma. (d) The labium or under lip of trilobites. (e) The 
proboscis of hydrozoans. Hyatt. Also hypostome. 
2. [cap.] Same as Hypostomus. 
Hypostomata (hi-po-sto'ma-ta), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. vTt6, under, -t- mopa, mouth.] 1. An order 
or suborder of fishes, confined to the eastern 
seas, alone represented by the family Pcgasidce, 
of uncertain position, supposed to be related to 
the mail-cheeked series of acanthopterygians. 
Originally written in the French form Hyposto- 
mides by Dum6ril. 2. A group of echinoderms. 
J. E. Gray, 1840. 3. Infusorians in which the 
mouth is inferior or ventral. Diesing, 1865. 
hypostomatous (hi-po-stom'a-tus), a. [As hy- 
postoma(t-) + -ous.] Having the mouth in- 
ferior or ventral, as some infusorians. 
hypostome (hi'po-stom), n. [< NL. hypostoma, 
a. v.] Same as hypostoma, 1. 
Hypostomidse (hi-po-stom'i-de), n. pi. [< Hy- 
postomus + -idol.] A family of nematogua- 
thous fishes, named from the genus Hyposto- 
mus : same as Loricariidce. 
hypOStomOUS (hi-pos'to-mus), a. ' [< Gr. inro, 
under, + aroua, mouth.] In ichth., having the 
mouth inferior. 
Hypostomus (hi-pos'to-mus), . [NL., < Gr. 
iiro, under, + ar6/^a, mouth.] A genus of fishes, 
in which the mouth is inferior and under the 
snout, typical of the family Hypostomidce. La- 
cepede, 1803. Also Hypostoma. 
hypostrophe (hl-pos'tro-fe), n. [NL., < Gr. 
mooTpo<t>i!, a turning about, recurrence, < i>iro- 
orpfyetv, turn about, return, < inro, under, + OTpt- 
<j>etv, turn: see strophe.] If. In med.: (a) The 
act of a patient in turning himself, (ft) Return 
of a disease; relapse. 2. In rhet., the use of 
insertion or parenthesis; return to the subject 
after parenthesis. 
2958 
hypostyle (M'po-stll), a. and n. [< Gr. v-6arv- 
".os, resting on 'pillars set underneath, < vxo, 
under, + arii'fjof, a pillar: see slyle^.] I. . 
In arch., having the roof supported by pillars: 
as, the hypostyle hall at Karuak. 
We come to a hypostyle hall of great beauty, formed by 
two ranges of larger columns in the centre, and three rows 
of smaller ones on each side. 
J. Fergusson, Hist. Arch., I. 117. 
II. n. In arch., a structure, with or without 
inclosing walls, the ceiling of which is sup- 
ported by columns; a covered colonnade; a 
pillared h'all : applied specifically to the mauy- 
liypostyle Hall of Karnak, Egypt. 
columned halls of a type characteristic of an- 
cient Egyptian religious architecture. The cut 
shows part of the Interior of one of the greatest of these 
halls. An exterior view of a later and smaller example is 
given under Egyptian. 
hyposulphite (hi-po-sul'fit), n. [< hyposul- 
ph-urous + -ite 2 .] A salt of hyposulphurous 
acid (HoSOg). Sodium hyposulphite (hyposulphite of 
soda) is the commercial name for sodium thiosulphite, a 
salt of thiosulphurous acid (H^aO;)), which is used by 
dyers for reducing indigo, and generally in the arts as a re- 
ducing or deoxidizing agent notably in photography, as 
the usual chemical for fixing plates and prints. 
hyposulphurous (hi-po-sul'fer-us), a. [< hy- 
po- + sulphurous.] Next in a series below sul- 
phurous: used only in the following phrase. 
Hyposulphurous acid, (n) An acid, HoSO a differ- 
ing in composition from sulphurous acid only by having 
one less oxygen atom in the molecule. (4) A totally dis- 
tinct acid, HgSgOjj, now called thiotntlphuric acid. See 
thiomlphuric. 
hyposyllogistic (hi-po-sil-o-jis'tik), a. [< hypo- 
+ syllogistic.] Concluding necessarily like a 
syllogism, but not strictly syllogistic. 
hyposynaphe (hi-po-sin'a-fe), n. [< Gr. inoov- 
i-a<t>f/, < i'XoawdxTeiv, combine slightly, < vn6, un- 
der, + awaTTTeiv, join together, combine, < aiv, 
along with, + an-reiv, join.] In early music, the 
separation of two tetrachords by a tetrachord 
conjunct with both, as between the hypate and 
the synnemenon. See tetrachord. 
hypotactic (hi-po-tak'tik), . [< Gr. tVoraim- 
Kof, subordinate, subjoined, < vvoraaaeiv, place 
under, subject: see hypotaxis.] Of , pertaining 
to, or characterized by hypotaxis ; dependent : 
as, two temporal clauses in hypotactic con- 
struction. 
hypotarsal (hi-po-tar'sal), a. [< hypotarsus + 
-al.] Pertaining to or naving the character of 
the hypotarsus. 
hypotarsus (hi -po- tar 'BUS), n.; pl.hypotarsi 
(-si). [NL.,< Gr. im6, under, + Tapoof, the flat of 
the foot : see tarsus.] In ornith., the talus or so- 
called calcaneum; a bony process or ossification 
at the superior and posterior part of the main 
tarsometatarsal bone, supposed to answerto dis- 
tal tarsal elements of the reptilian or mamma- 
lian foot. It is usually a prominent feature of the upper 
end and plantar aspect of a bird's tarsus, and is perforated 
by canals for the passage of tendons of flexor muscles of 
the toes. See cut under tarsometatarsus. 
hypotaxis (hi-po-tak'sis) ; n. [NL., < Gr. ird- 
rafff, subjection^ submission, < virordaaeiv, place 
under, subject, < VKO, under, T rdoaeiv, arrange.] 
In gram., dependent construction : opposed to 
parataxis. 
Now to make hypotaxis out of parataxis, we must have 
a joint. B. L. Gilienleete, Jour. Philol., XVI. 420. 
hypothecation 
hypotenusal, hypothenusal (hl-pot-, hl-poth- 
e-uu'sal), . [< hypotenuse, hypothenuse, + -al.] 
Pertaining to a hypotenuse ; of the nature of 
a hypotenuse ; forming or formed by a hypote- 
nuse. 
Light is incident in such a manner that the angle of in- 
ternal incidence at the hypotenusal side is nearly equal 
to the angle of total reflection. Airy, Optics, prop. xvii. 
hypotenuse, hypothenuse (hl-pot'-, hl-poth'- 
e-nus), >i. [Prop, hypotenuse, but the errone- 
ous form hypothenuse is more common; < F. 
hypotenuse = Sp. hipotenusa = Pg. liyi>oth<mu$a 
= It. ijioteituna, < LL. hypotenusa, < Gr. inrorei- 
vovaa, or in full / rf/v opdijv yuviav viroTeivovca, 
ntevpa, the side subtending the right angle, 
ppr. fern, of vKoriivetv, stretc^i under, subtend, 
< wr<i (= L. suli), under, + reiveiv (= L. ten- 
dere), stretch: see tend*, tone 1 .] In geom., the 
side of a right-angled triangle opposite the right 
angle. 
hypothalli, n. Plural of Itypothallux. 
hypothalline (hi-po-thal'in), a. [< hi/pothal- 
lus + -incl.] Keseinbling or pertaining to the 
hypothallus. 
hypothallus (hl-pp-thal'us), . ; pi. hypothnlli 
(-1). [NL., < Gr. ftrt, under, + Da/Ms, a young 
shoot or branch, a frond.] In lichens, a mass 
of delicate filaments upon which a thallus is 
first developed. It is a horizontal stratum, which Is 
developed immediately upon the prothallus, and consists 
of interlacing ttlaments or of elongated rounded cellules. 
It is sometimes of a white or whitish color, but is usually 
dark tir blackish. A secondary form consists of vertical 
rhizoid nbrillac, which ace usually branching and tufted at 
the extremities. 
hypothec (hi-poth'ek), 11. [= D. hypotJieek = 
(jr. Dan. hypotliek = Sw. hypotek, < F. hypotheyte 
= Pr. hypoteca, ypotheca = Sp. hipoteca = Pg. 
hypothcca = It. ipoteca, < LL. hypotheca, < Gr. 
vnoByiai, a pledge, deposit, mortgage, < inrortBc- 
vat, place under : see hypothesis smd theca.] 1. 
Same as hypothecation, 1. 
Possession, Usucaption, Bonltarian ownership, and Hy- 
pvthfk occupy together a prodigious space in the Roman 
jurisprudence. Maine, Early Law and Custom, p. 357. 
2. In Scots lam, a legal lien given to a creditor 
upon property, to secure the payment of his 
demand. It usually if not always implies that posses- 
sion remains with the debtor, and that the creditor has 
only a right of action. In case of vessels it may be created 
by agreement Tacit or legal hypothec exists by implica- 
tion of law. as in the case of a landlord's lien on crops for 
rent, and the Hen of an attorney or law agent for costs. 
The term is also applied in a general sense to the prefer- 
ence over other debts against an estate given by law to 
some demands, such as funeral expenses, wages, etc. 
hypothecary (hl-poth'e-ka-ri), . [< LL. hy- 
pothecarius, < hypotheca, a pledge: see hy- 
pothec.] Of or pertaining to hypothecation 
or mortgage : as, a hypothecary note (that is, a 
note given in acknowledgment of a debt, but 
which cannot pass into circulation). Also hy- 
pothecatory Hypothecary action, in civil law, an 
action to enforce a hypothecation of property by its sale, 
and the application of the proceeds to pay the debt. Hy- 
pothecary debt. See debt. 
hypothecate (hi-poth'e-kat), r. t. ; pret. and pp. 
hypothecated, ppr. hypothecating. [< ML. hy- 
pothecatus, pp. of hypothecare, hypothecate, 
< LL. hypotheca, a pledge: see hypothec.] 1. 
To pledge to a creditor in security for some 
debt or demand, but without giving the credi- 
tor corporeal control; mortgage, leaving the 
owner in possession. 2. To put in pledge by 
delivery, as stocks or effects of any kind, as 
security for a debt or other obligation. 
hypothecation (hi-poth-e-ka'shon), . [< ML. 
hypotliecatio(n-),<. h ypothecare, hypothecate: see 
hypothecate.] 1. In Bom. law, mortgage; a 
contract lien given by a debtor to his creditor 
as security, without giving him possession of 
the property. It usually if not always related to real 
property, while security upon personal property was given 
by possession, and termed piynus, or pledge. 
The Athenian an-ori^iuaTa, or hypothecations, were open 
and notorious like our old feoffments. 
Sir W. Jones, A Commentary on Isseus. 
2. In French law (hypotheque), a lien on im- 
movable property for security of a debt, with- 
out giving the creditor possession. Legal hypothe- 
cation is that which is implied by law ; judicial hypothem- 
tian, that which is established by a judgment of a court, 
affecting particular real property or all the real property of 
a particular debtor; and conventional hypothecation, that 
which is created by contract before a magistrate or notary. 
Immobilized shares in the Bank of France are deemed im- 
movable property for the purpose of allowing hypotheca- 
tion. Vessels may be the subject of conventional hypothe- 
cation. 
3. In American financial usage, a pledge ; a lien 
on personal property, particularly on negotia- 
ble securities, given by a debtor by transfer- 
