hypsometry 
The many curious and instructive results which a rather 
extensive examination of the literature of hypiioutetri/ since 
the beginning of the present century has brought to light. 
J. D. Whitney, Barometric Hypsometry, p. 25. 
hypsophyl, hypsophyll (Mp'so-fil), . [< Gr. 
vijii, on high, T <J>V'/.'AOV, a leaf.] The involu- 
cral leaves, bracts and bracteoles, glumes and 
pale of flowers: a word introduced by Hen- 
frey as a translation of the German Hochblatt. 
Compare catapliyUum, cupliylliini. 
hypsophyllary (hip-sof 'i-la-ri), a. [< hypso- 
phyl + -ary.] Of, pertaining to, or of the na- 
ture of hypsophyl. 
hypsosis (hip-so'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. inlxjaif, a 
lifting high, elevation, < t'i/<ow, lift high, < t/v, 
on high, aloft, v^iov, on high (i>i[>oc, height), prob. 
connected with VTTCP, over, above: see hyper-.] 
In the Gr. Ch.: (a) The elevation of the eucha- 
rist. (6) The elevation of the panagia. (c)[cap.~] 
The Exaltation of the Cross; Holy-Cross day 
(September 14th). 
hypt, p. a. See hipped?. 
Hyptideae (hip-tid'e-e), n. pi. [NL. (Endli- 
cher, 1836-40), < Hyptis (-id-) + -ece.~\ A former 
tribe of labiate plants, typified by the genus 
Hyptis : now referred to the tribe Ocimoidea;. 
Also written Hyptida;. 
Hyptis (hip'tis), n. [NL. (Jacquin, 1786), so 
called because the limb of the corolla is turned 
back; irreg.< Gr. vrrrtof, laid back, supine, < vvo, 
under.] A very large genus of labiate plants, 
of the tribe Ocimoideir. The calyx is ovoid-campanu- 
late. with 5 very acute teeth ; the corolla is about as long 
as the calyx ; and the upper lip has 4 entire lobes, the lower 
lip 1, undivided. They are herbs or shrubs of polymor- 
phous habit. Two hundred and fifty species are known, 
all natives of tropical America, chiefly of Brazil. H. sua- 
veolens of Cuba, .Mexico, etc., is called spikenard. 
Hypudaeus (hip-u-de'us), n. [NL., < Gr. VTTOV- 
6atof, underground, subterranean, < im6, under, 
+ ovSag, poet., the ground.] A notable genus 
of voles or field-mice, of the subfamily Arvi- 
colince. The word is used in various senses : (a) As pro- 
posed by Illiger (1811), a synonym of Arvicola (Lacepede), 
and therefore nearly equivalent to the Arvicolinai collec- 
tively. (6) As restricted by Keyserling and Blasius (1842), 
and by Baird (1857), a synonym of Evotomys (Coues, 1874), 
the type being Mun rutilus of Pallas. See Eootomys. 
hypural (hi-pu'ral), a. [< Gr. im6, under, + 
oipa i tail.] Situated be- ^J,s2SJt0<l 
neath or on the under side 
of the tail: specifically ap- 
plied in ichthyology to 
bones beneath the axis of 
the tail, supporting fin- 
rays. 
In most osseous fishes the hji- 
pural bones which support the 
fm-rays of the inferior division 
[of the tail) become much ex- 
panded, and either remain separate, or coalesce into a 
wedge-shaped, nearly symmetrical bone. 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 21. 
hyrt, pron. See ftci. 
Hyraces (hi'ra-sez), n.pl. [NL., pi. of Hyrax.] 
Same as Hyracoidea. Wagtcr, 1830. 
hyraceum, hyracium (hi-ra'se-um, -si-um), n. 
[NL., < Hyrax (-ac-), q. v.] A product of com- 
mercial value derived from the hyrax, and im- 
ported from the Cape of Good Hope as a sub- 
stitute for castoreum. 
hyracid (hi-ras'id), n. A mammal of the family 
Byraeidee; a hyrax. 
Hyracidas (hi-ras'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Hyrax 
(-ac-) + -id(E.] The typical and only family of 
the order Hyracoidea. It formerly contained only 
one genus, Hyrax, but this has been subdivided by Gray 
into Hyrax proper, Dendrohyrax, and Euhyrax. See cut 
under Hyrax. 
hyraciform (hi-ras'i-f6rm), a. [< NL. Hyrax 
(-ac-) + L. forma, shape.] Same as hyracoid. 
Hyracina (hl-ra-sl'nii), n. pi. [NL., < Hyrax 
(-ac-) + -ina.~] Same as Hyracoidea. C. L. Bo- 
naparte, 1831. 
hyracium, n. See hyraceum. 
Hyracodon (hi-rak'6-don), n. [NL., < Gr. vpa, 
shrew-mouse, hyrax, + 6Sov( (O&OVT-) = E. tooth. ] 
A genus of primitive rhinoceros-like perisso- 
dactyls from the Lower Miocene of North Am<>r- 
ica, type of the family Hyracodontida.'. The 
had 44 teeth, and only 3 digits on each foot. 
is sometimes referred to the Rhinoccrotlda:. 
hyracodont (hl-rak'o-dont), a. [< Hyraco- 
dun(t-).] Having the form of dentition char- 
acteristic of Hyracodon, Hyrax, and Rhinoceros, 
in which the under molars have the external 
tubercles crescentic in section, longitudinally 
compressed, and continuous with the corre- 
sponding internal tubercles. 
Hyracodontidse (hl-rak-o-don'ti-de), n. pi. 
[NL.,< Hyracodon(t-) + -idw.] A family of fos- 
2961 
sil rhinoceros-like perissodactyls, established 
for the reception of the genus Hyrnciidon. 
hyracoid (hi'ra-koid), a. [< NL. Hyrax (-ac-) 
T -old.] Resembling a hyrax; pertaining to 
the Hiifiii'iiidi'ii, or having their characters. 
Also Inp'dciform. 
Hyracoidea (hi-ra-koi'de-a), . pi. [NL., < 
Hi/nix (-ac-) + -oidca.] An order of mona- 
delphian mammals, represented by the single 
family Hyracida 1 ; the hyraxes. It combines in 
its dentition characters of perissodactyl hoofed quadru- 
peds with others of rodents, the molars being like those of 
the rhinoceros in pattern, while the upper incisors are 
long, curved, and grow from persistent pulps as in the ro- 
dents. The dental formula is : 2 incisors in each half-jaw 
above and below, no canines, and 4 premolars and 3 molars 
in each upper and lower half-jaw in all, 36. There are 
no clavicles. The fore feet are 4-toed, and the hind feet 
3-toed ; both are padded underneath, as in carnivores and 
rodents, not hoofed, as in ungulates; the digits end in 
stout flat nails. This remarkable order of mammals, of 
which no fossil remains are known, is the living remnant 
of a very generalized type, combining characters of the 
ungulates on the one hand and of the rodents and insec- 
tivores on the other. The animals are of about the size 
of rabbits, and their general appearance is suggestive of 
these rodents ; they are known as rock-rabbits, and by other 
names, and the order is also called Gliriformia and Lam- 
nunyuia. See Hyracidce and Hyrax. Also Hyraces, Hy- 
racina. 
hyracotherian (hi"ra-ko-the'ri-an), a. [< Hy- 
racotherium + -an.] Pertaining or related to 
Hyracotherium. 
hyracotheriine (hi"ra-ko-the'ri-in), a. [< Hy- 
racotherium + -jel.] Same as hyracotherian. 
But it has been from the Ilyracotheriine sub-family that 
the horse line was derived. 
E. D. Cope, Amer. Nat., XXI. 994. 
Hyracotherium (hi"ra-ko-the'ri-um), n. [NL., 
< Gr. vpa (vpaK-), a shrew-mouse, + Bqpiov, a 
wild beast.] A genus of fossil perissodactyls 
of the tapiroid section, referred to the family 
Lophiodontidce. Their dental formula is: 2 incisors 
above and 3 below on each side, and 1 canine, 4 premolars, 
and 3 molars in each upper and lower half-jaw in all, 42. 
The genus was based upon the skull of an animal of the size 
of a rabbit, from tlie London clay. The generic term, as 
used by De Blainville (1844), has been definitely located 
in the Lophiodontidce, and identified with Pachynolophus 
of Pomel (1847). 
Hyrax (hi'raks), n. [NL., < Gr. i/iaf, a mouse, 
shrew-mouse, = L. sorex, shrew-mouse: see 
Sorex.] 1. The typical genus of the family Hy- 
racidai and order Hyracoidea, haying the molar 
teeth like those of a rhinoceros in pattern, the 
lower incisors only slightly notched, the up- 
per incisors approximated, and the upper lip 
cleft. It has 7 cervical, 22 dorsal, 8 lumbar, 5 sacral, 
and 6 caudal vertebrce. The genus contains the terres- 
trial and saxicoline species of Africa and Syria, as //. 
y 
It 
Daman (Hyrax syriacus). 
capensts, H. hattessiniciut, H. gyriacus, variously known 
as conies, daman*, rock-badger*, rock-rabbits, etc. It was 
formerly conterminous with the family Hyracidce. 
2. [/. c.] An animal of the genus Hyrax. 
hyre 1 t, v. t. See hire 1 . 
hyre 2 t, pron. See he 1 . 
hyrnet, n. See herii 1 . 
hyrse (hers), n. See hirse. 
hyrst, n. See hurst. 
hyson (hi'sn), n. [< Chinese hich'un, lit. bloom- 
ing spring, i. e. first crop.] A brand of green 
tea produced in China Hyson 8kln, the refuse of 
hyson tea. Young hyson, hyson tea picked early : call- 
ed by the Chinese yv-chi?n (before the rains), in allusion 
to the season of picking. 
hy-spy (hi'spi), . See I-spy. 
hyssop (his'up), n. [Formerly hissop,hisop; ear- 
lier without the aspirate, ME. isopp, ysope, < AS. 
ysope = D. hijzop = MLG. isop = MHG. isope, 
isop, ispe, G. {sop, ysopp = Sw. Dan. isop = OF. 
sope, hysope, hyssopc, F. liysope = Sp. hisopo = 
g. hysopo, hyssopo = It. isopo, issopo, < L. hy- 
sopum, hyssopum, hyssopus, ML. also ysoptis, < 
Gr. {IO-OTJTTOC, vaauvm, an aromatic plant, < Heb. 
ezoph, an aromatic plant, different from the 
mod. hyssop, which is not found in Syria or 
Egypt.] 1. A small bushy herb of the genus 
Hyssopus, natural order Labiatece. H. offitinalis, 
ys 
P 
hysteric 
common in gardens, is aromatic and stimulating, and was 
formerly used as an expectorant. Decoctions of the leaves 
are used extermilly in bruises and 
indolent swellings. Bee Hygsoput. 
2. In Scrip., a plant the 
twigs of which were iiscil 
for sprinkling in the cere- 
mony of purification. It Is 
supposed by some to have been 
the caper-bush, Capparis npinoxa, 
and by others a plant or several 
plants growing in Palestine and 
allied with the European hyssop. 
He [Solomon] spake of trees, 
from the cedar tree that is in Leb- 
anon even unto the hyssop that 
springeth out of the wall. 
1 Ki. iv. 33. 
He took the blood of calves and 
of goats, with water, and scarlet 
wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled 
both the book, and all the people. 
Heb. ix. 19. 
He passed the grave, to throw a 
handful of earth into it, and sprin- 
kle it with hyssop. 
Longfellow, Hyperion, iv. 8. 
3. Eccles., same as asperso- Hyssop ( 
rium,l. See quotation from gJiJ""- " flow " ; * 
Prescott under aspersion, 1. 
Solomon's hyssop, thought by some to be a minute 
moss, GymnoKtornum truncatulum; by others identified 
with the caper-bush, Capparis spinosa. Wild hyssop, 
Verbena hastata. 
Hyssopideae (his-o-pid'e-e), . pi. [NL. (Lind- 
ley, 1846), < Hyssopus (-id-) + -<E.] A former 
subtribe of plants, containing the single genus 
Hyssopus, belonging to the natural order La- 
biateat. The genus Hyssopus is now referred to 
the tribe Satureinece. 
Hyssopus (hi-so'pus), n. [L. : see hyssop.] A 
monotypic genus of plants of the natural order 
Labiateie, tribe Sattireinea. The calyx is tubular. 
15-nerved, equally 5-toothed, and naked in the throat; 
the corolla equals the calyx, and has two lips; the sta- 
mens are 4 in number, exserted and diverging; and the 
nutlets are ovoid. It is a perennial herb with wand-like 
simple branches, lanceolate or linear entire leaves, and 
blue-purple flowers in small clusters crowded in a spike. 
//. ojficinalig, the only species, originally from the Medi- 
terranean region and middle Asia, but now widely culti- 
vated and naturalized, is the hyssop of the gardens. 
hystatite (his'ta-tit), n. [After the orig. G. hy- 
statisches eiscnerz (Breithaupt) ; formation not 
obvious.] A variety of menaccanite or titanic 
iron. 
hysteralgia (his-te-rarji-a), n. [NL., < Gr. iia- 
Tcpatyt/f, causing pains in the uterus, < iiart/m, 
the uterus, + d/tyoc, pain.] In pathol., neural- 
gia of the uterus. 
hysteralgic (his-te-ral'jik), a. [< hysteralgia 
+ -ic.] Of, pertaining to, or affected with hys- 
teralgia. 
hysteranthous (his-te-ran'thus), a. [< Gr. i>a- 
rrpof, later, after (see hysteresis), + ai<6of, a 
flower.] In hot., putting forth leaves after the 
appearance of the flowers : as, the willows, pop- 
lars, etc., are hysteranthotis plants. 
hysterectomy (his-te-rek'to-ini), n. [< Gr. 
varepa, the uterus, + cKTofir/, a cutting out, < ex, 
out, + rifivciv, Ta/ieiv, cut.] In surg., the ex- 
cision of the uterus. 
hysteresis (his-te-re'sis), n. [< Gr. vorepijoic, a 
coming short, deficiency, < varepeiv, be behind 
or later, come short, < iiarepns, later, latter, com- 
ing after, behind, second (= AS. uttera, E. ut- 
ter, outer), compar. (with superl. voraroc), from 
a base *v8 (= Skt. ud = AS. ut, E. out): see out.] 
A lagging of one of two related phenomena be- 
hind the other. The changes in the thermo-electric 
and magnetic quality of stretched iron wire, due to cyc- 
lical variations in the stress to which it is subjected, lag 
behind the changes in stress, and this lagging is called 
hiisteresis. The word is applied also to other physical 
phenomena of a similar character. 
hysteria (his-te'ri-a),w. [< NL. hysteria, < Gr. 
vartpa, the womb, uterus (= L. uterus, for *ud- 
terus (?), m., the womb, = Skt. udara, neut., the 
belly), prob. fern, to itarepof, latter (lower): 
see hysteresis and uterus.] A nervous disease 
involving no recognizable anatomical lesion, 
characterized by unrestrained desire to at- 
tract attention and sympathy, more or less co- 
ordinated convulsions, globus and clavus hys- 
tericus, antesthesia, hypera?sthesia, motor pa- 
ralysis, vasomotor derangements, etc. Women 
are much more frequently affected in this way 
thar> men. Also called hysterics. 
It is impossible to conceive hyatt-Ha attacking one who 
was not a social being, or one again who, Bobinson Crusoe- 
like, was planted alone on an uninhabited island. 
Jlatulaley, Body and Will, p. 269. 
hysteric (his-ter'ik), a. and H. [= F. hysteriqiie 
= Sp. histerico = Pg. hysterico = It. isterico (cf. 
