ice 
2 nr.fi 
sarn; but evidence is lacking: see iron.] 1. ice-auger (is'a/gfer), n. An implement for bor- 
The solid form of water, produced by freez- ing ice, in ice-fishing, which has superseded 
ing. It is a brittle, transparent solid, with a refractive in- the ordinary ice-chisel. It bores a 6-inch hole, 
dex of 1.3. Water, under ordinary conditions, begins to cutting out a plug of ice of that diameter. 
freeze at 32" F. (0 C.), and in freezing expands by about j ce _ a x (is'aks), n. An ax for cutting or cleav- 
^ of its bulk, exerting a great force against any surface *V" . \ fii<T> ppiaii v aT1 ax , lsP d hv alnine eTiides 
by which it is confined. The specific gravity of ice is mg ice , especially, an axuse 
nearly 0.92 and hence it floats on the water with about and alpinists generally for cutting steps in 
making the ascent of steep ice-slopes. The ax 
is carried sometimes as a part of the alpenstock, and 
sometimes as an entirely separate implement. The forms 
in use are much varied. 
ice-bag (is'bag), n. A caoutchouc bag for hold- 
ing broken ice when used as a cold application 
fc 
T"O of its volume submerged. The temperature of freez- 
ing is lowered .0076' C. for every atmosphere of pressure. 
Freezing is retarded by substances in solution ; thus, sea- 
water freezes at about 27 F. (3 C.). Ice Is produced in 
unlimited 
climates, 
of various kinds. 
His wljf walked him with, with a longe gode . 
Barfote on the bare iji that the blod folwede. 
m . surgical treatment, especially for the eye, 
spine, etc. 
Piers Plowman'* Crede(E.V.T.S.\ 1.436. ice-banner (is'ban'er), n. Bee ice-feathers. 
I flnde no peace and yet mie warn Is done, ice-beam (Is'bem), n. Naut., a plank or beam 
used to strengthen the stem and bows of ships 
when exposed to the concussion and pressure 
of ice. 
ice-elevator 
breaking channels through ice in a river or har- 
bor. 3. The bowhead, or great polar whale, 
Balama mysticetus: a whalers' name. 
ice-brook (is'bruk), n. An ice-cold brook or 
stream. "The allusion [in the extract] is to the ancient 
Spanish custom of hardening steel by plunging it red-hot 
in the rivulet Salo near Bilbilis [now Calatayud in Ara- 
gonj." (Schmidt.) [Rare.) 
I have another weapon in this chamber, 
It Is a aword of Spain, the ice-brook's temper. 
Shak., Othello, v. 2. 
ice-built (Is'bilt), a. Built or composed of 
ice. 
Where shaggy forms o'e: 
. -, lm .j mptfir ris ' kft i rim"e ter} n 
ice-calorimeter (1 *), n 
mountains roam. 
Gray, Progress of Poesy. 
See 
I feare and hope, and burne and freese like ise. 
Wyatt, quoted in Puttenham's Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 102. 
The cold brook, 
Candied with ice. Shak., 1. of A., iv. 3. . , 
The high rocks which surround the snug little bathing ice-bearer (is bar'er), n. In physics, a cryopho- 
cove made the water as cold as ice. 1-us - 
Lady Brassey, Voyage of Sunbeam, I. i. ice-belt (is'belt), . Same as ice-foot. 
2. Same as icing. 3. A frozen confection con- On regainingthe seaboard, the same frowning cliffs and 
sisting (a) of sweetened and flavored cream, rock-covered tee-belt that we had left greeted us. 
milk, or custard (cream-ice, ice-cream), or (6) Kane - *> OrinneU Kx P" L <* 
of the sweetened juice of various fruits (water- iceberg (is'berg), n. [= D. ijsberg = G. eis- 
ice) Anchorlce. See anchor-ice. Block ice, Ice cut berg; adapted from Scand.,<Sw.Norw. isberg= 
Dan. isbjerg, lit. ' ice-hill': see ice and bergt(berg2 
in E. is due to the compound ice-berg).] An ele- 
vated floating mass of ice detached from a gla- 
cier at the sea-level. The movement of the glacier 
Ice age, the period, more generally designated as the a ownwar a causes it to protrude into the sea, by which it 
... / .-- .... ^ ,.,.,, K... _.. . .,h u lQ part 8Upported ! the W eig h t becomes so great 
that more or less of it breaks off, often with great noise 
and commotion of the sea. This process is called calo- 
iny. The portion detached from the glacier floats about, 
driven by winds and currents, and is an iceberg. This 
is the mode of formation of the best-known bergs those 
which often encumber a part of the North Atlantic in 
spring and early summer, having come down from the 
or made artificially in blocks, for commercial aud domes- 
tic uses. 
The cost of producing clear Mock ice in this country. 
Sci. A-iner. Supp., p. 8781. 
glacial epoch (see glacial), during which there was a much 
more extensive development of ice over certain portions 
of the earth's surface than there is at the present time. 
It is generally supposed that the glacial epoch occurred 
in post-Tertiary times, but some geologists maintain that 
there have been numerous repetitions of this condition. 
Ice system, a system of glaciers radiating from one 
common center or ice-cap : a term used by some geolo- 
gists to distinguish regions where the glaciation has 
diverged from several independent centers from those 
where it has all moved in one direction, and in the main in- 
dependently of the topographical features of the country. 
Under such circumstances, Wales, Scotland, and Scan- 
dinavia must have hod their own ice-systems. 
llonney, Abstract of Proc. Oeol. Soc. of London, 
(Session 1875-78. 
high plateaus of Greenland. The 
more or less completely frozen surface of the water in 
the northern polar region is known as pack-ice, or sim- 
ply pack, floe-tee, floe, and floe-berg. (See floe and floe- 
berg?) In regard to the icebergs of the Southern Ocean, it 
is not known with certainty whether they are all glacier- 
born, or whether they are not in large part the result of 
the direct freezing of the sea-water. 
Inland ice. See ice-cap, l.- Sailing ice, ice loosened ice-bird(is'berd),t. The little auk or sea-do ve, 
from a pack, and scattered by the wind. TO break the 
formed, in contradistinction' to that which has been form- 
ed in a previous winter. 
The winter floes seemed fixed, and for three days we 
had not moved, while the youiig *> steadily forming, 
was from four to six inches In thickness. 
Mcrgulus alle, or Alle mgncans. 
dol . ekie . 
bee cut under 
from the surface of an ice-pack or floating mass 
of ice, or from laud covered with snow. By it 
A. W. Oreely, Arctic Service, p. 123. the presence of ice may often be recognized at 
ice (is), r. t. ; pret. and pp. iced, ppr. icing. [= a distance of 20 miles or more. 
MD. ysen, D. ij:en = MLG. isen, break ice, = 
OHG. isen, MHG. isen, G. eisen, ice, freeze, = 
Icel. isa, freeze, = Dan. isc = Sw. isa, ice; cf. 
(is'ka-no*'), n. A boat with a very 
broad flat keel shod with iron runners, so that 
it can be drawn readily over the ice : intended 
for use on partly frozen lakes and rivers. 
ice-cap (Is'kap), n. 1. A general or continuous 
permanent covering of a certain area of land, 
whether large or small, with snow, neve, or ice, 
especially in the arctic regions. The continuous 
covering with snow and neve of the higher and larger part 
of Greenland is sometimes called the ice-cap, but more 
generally the inland ice. 
A decided ice-cap was observed above the land at New- 
man Bay, also one inshore of Cape Britannia, far away 
towards the north-east. 
Kares, Voyage to the Polar Sea, II. 72. 
2. In therap., a rubber bag containing ice for 
application to the head. 
ice-chair (is'char), n. A chair set on runners 
like a sled, in which a person is propelled on 
the ice, usually by a skater. 
ice-chest (Is'chest), n. A form of domestic ice- 
chamber having apartments for the ice and the 
provisions, the food-chamber being cooled by 
air conducted to it from the ice-box, or by the 
cold side of the latter, which forms a part of 
the inclosure of the food-chamber; a refrigera- 
tor. E. H. Knight. 
ice-chisel (is'chiz'el), . An implement used, 
especially by anglers in ice-fishing, for cutting 
holes in ice. See ice-auger. 
The ict-chisel, . . . called by the Eskimos too'-oke. 
(Is'kla), n. 
blocks of ice. 
An ice-blink all along the horizon to leeward, indicat- 
ing the situation of the pack. 
A Jf'Cormick, Arc. and Antarc. Voyages, I. 272. 
Dan. isiie, chill ( ' run cold ; from the noun.] 1. ice-boat (is'bot), n. 1. A strong boat, pro- 
To cover with ice ; convert into ice ; freeze. 
'Tis chrystal, friend, ic'd In the frozen sea. 
P. Flctchi-r, Piscatory Eclogues, v. 11. 
This sight hath stiffen'd all ray operant powers, 
Ic'd all my blood, benumb'd my motion quite. 
Webster, Appius and Virginia, v. 3. 
2. To apply ice to; refrigerate ; preserve in ice, 
as meat. 3. To cover with concreted sugar; 
frost. 
pelled by steam, used to break a channel 
through ice. 2. A triangular or boat-shaped 
frame mounted on runners, and fitted with a 
mast, sails, etc., for sailing on ice. Two of the 
f ., -i-tiu-m, n.: see -ce 3 .] A particular form (in- 
cluding the stem-vowel -i'-) of the termination 
-ce, of Latin origin, as in avarice, justice, malice, 
notice, service, novice, etc.; also in words of later 
formation, as in cowardice. In practice the ter- 
mination is historically a feminine form of -ic. 
ice-anchor (Is'ang"kor), n. Naut., an anchor 
with one arm, used for securing a vessel to a 
floe of ice. 
The ordinary ice-anchor was a large Iron hook bent 
nearly at a right angle, with a point to be inserted In a 
hole in the ice. 
Schley and Soley, Rescue of Greely, p. 155. 
ice-apron (ls'a"prun), . An ice-breaker or 
An appliance for grap- 
large refrigerator, or a small 
room for cold storage. 
ice-cold (is'kold), a. [< ME. 
iscold, < AS. is-ceald (= D. ys- 
koud = G. eiskalt = Dan. iskold, 
Sw. iskali),< is, ice, + ceald, 
cold.] 1. Cold as ice; ex- 
tremely cold. 2. Innathol., 
experiencing a morbid sensa- 
tion of cold, compared by the 
patient to that which would be 
produced by the application of ice. Dunglison. 
ice-cream (is'krem'), n. [Strictly iced cream.'] 
A confection made by congealing variously 
flavored cream or custard in a vessel surround- 
ed with a freezing-mixture. 
The Deacon, not being in the habit of taking his nour- 
ishment In the congealed state, had treated the ice-cream 
as a pudding of a rare species. 
O. W. Holmes, Elsie Venner, Til. 
Ice-cream fork, a small table-fork, broad and with short 
tines, for eating ice-cream. Ice-cream freezer, an ap- 
paratus for making ice-cream, consisting of a can or metal- 
lic vessel plunged in a tub or cylindrical casing filled with 
broken ice and salt. The contents of the vessel are stirred 
or whirled about by means of a dasher, or by rotation. 
Rock ice-cream. Same as granite, 2. 
ice-crusher (is'krush''er), n. A device for 
grinding or crushing ice. 
iced (1st), p. a. 1. Covered with ice; convert- 
the third is carried on a pivot at the stern and serv< 
rudder. 
ice-bone (Is'bon), n. One of the numerous va- 
riants of aitchbone. 
concreted sugar; frosted: as, iced cake. 4. In 
bot., covered with particles like icicles. 
ice-drift (Is'drift), n. Masses of loose or float- 
ing ice. 
Portion of Bridge over the Yssel, Holland, showing ice-aprons 
(a, a, a) on the bank and in tnid-btream. 
ice-drops (is'drops), n. pi. In bot., transparent 
ice-box (is~'boks), n. 1. An ice-chest; a small processes resembling icicles, 
refrigerator. 2l The compartment in a refri- ice-elevator (is;eFe-va-tor) : 
gerator or an ice-chest for containing the ice. 
ice-breaker (is'bra/ker), n. 1. A structure of 
% _ n. A hoisting- 
apparatus for lifting blocks of ice from the 
water to the ice-house. The most common form is 
under the water t 
e. 
masonry or timber (as a pier or row of piles) ^, ui ^ ltc . llu _. ..,. _ 
starling placed on the up-stream side of a bridge- for the protection of bridge-piers or of vessels endless chains, with bars joining them at intervals. Cakes 
pier to protect it from moving ice. in dock from moving ice. 2. An ice-boat for of ice floated up to the foot of the elevator are caught by 
