ice-elevator 
these bars and dragged up the indin . 
are also made for diverting the ice t 
house. Another form, sometimes call 
2967 
The isatis or are tic fox, 
din,. Anangtmcntn ice-fOX (is'foks). n. 
u to any level of the (>/,,,,. laaOWLS. 
ailed an ice-screw, con- ice . g ' lass (is'glas), . Sain., as eraeJO^loM. 
ice-gull (is'gul), . 1. The glaucous gull or 
burgomaster, Larus glaucus. See cut under bur- 
gomaster. 2. The ivory-gull. Cones. 
ice-hill (is'hil), w. [< ice + hill 1 , translating ice- 
berg, q.v.] Same as iceberg. [Rare.] 
ice-hook (is'huk), n. 1. A hook attached to a 
pole, used in moving blocks of ice. 2. A small 
ice-anchor. 
ice-house (is'hous), n. [= Dan. ishus; as ice + 
AoHwi.] A structure, usually with double walls, 
packed between with sawdust or some similar 
non-conducting material, used for the storage 
ice-plant 
in such manner that the work performed is expended upon 
another isolated volume of the SMIIU niiiUn;il which this 
work assists in compressing for subsequent use in expan- 
sion. The prime mover is usually a steam-engine. The 
compressed gas or vapor is led into and expanded in a 
cylinder like that of a steam-engine. In machines em- 
S loving compressed air, the air is first compressed in and 
ischarged from a compressor cylinder into a receiver. The 
work of compression is thereby converted into heat in the 
compressed air. This heat is taken out of the air by vari- 
ous methods, water at ordinary temperatures being gen- 
erally used for this cooling. The ah' is next inducted to 
an engine-cylinder, wherein it acts, first at full pressure and 
then expansively, against a piston so connected that, dur- 
ing the period of expansion, outer work is performed at 
the expense of the heat remaining in the air at the begin- 
ning of this period. Heat is thus converted into work, and 
the temperature of the air passed out of the cylinder U 
greatly reduced. The cold air 1s generally passed into a 
Ice-elevator. 
sists of an inclined plane in the form of a spiral. In the 
well of the spiral is an upright shaft having radial arms; 
as the shaft revolves these engage the blocks of ice, and 
push them up the spiral incline to the ice-house. 
ice-escape (Is'es-kap"), . An apparatus con- 
sisting of poles and ropes for rescuing persons 
who have broken through the iee. 
A number of sledge-chairs and an ice-escape were con- 
veyed to the place of amusement. 
Him. London News, Jan. 9, 1864. 
ice-fall (Is'fal), n. 1. The dislodgment and 
fall of masses from a glacier, or from a floating 
iceberg. 
And then the ice-fall with its ringing, rumbling, crash- 
in" roar and the heavy, explosionlike voice of the final 
plunge, followed by the wild, frantic dashing of the waters. 
New York Independent, April 22, 1862. 
2. A glacier. [Poetical.] 
Ye ice-falli ! ye that from the mountain's brow 
Adown enormous ravines slope amain. . . . 
Motionless torrents ! silent cataracts ! 
Coleridge, Hymn in the Vale of Chamouni. 
ice-feathers (is'fe*H"erz), n. pi. Peculiar 
feather-like forms assumed by ice, occasionally 
seen on and near the summits of high moun- 
tains, and especially on Mount Washington in 
New Hampshire. Under certain exceptional condi- 
tions of the weather the surface at times becomes covered 
ice. A year's supply of ice for private use is often kept in 
a small ice-house constructed on this principle, sometimes 
partly or wholly underground. Ice-nouses for supplying 
the trade in ice are commonly placed close to a lake or 
stream, and fitted with elevators and other appliances for 
gathering, storing, and shipping the ice. The term is 
sometimes, but less properly, applied to cold storage rooms 
expense and trouble an ice- 
hou#e can be constructed, it is surprising that any respect- 
able habitation in the country should not have one at- 
tached to it. Ure, Diet., II. 878. 
Icel. An abbreviation of Icelandic. 
Iceland! (is'land), n. [Also Island; abbr. of 
Iceland dog, q. v.j An Iceland dog. 
Our water-dogs and Islands here are shorn, 
White hair of women here so much is worn. 
Drayton, Mooncalf. 
Iceland crystal. See crystal. 
Iceland curt (is'land ker). Same as Iceland 
dog. Erroneously^ Ming cur. 
Hang hair like hemp, or like the Isling curs; 
For never powder, not the crisping iron, 
Shall touch these dangling locks. 
Fletcher (and another), Queen of Corinth, iv. 1. 
Iceland dogt (is'land dog). [Also Iseland (Is- 
land, Isling) dog '(or cur), also simply Iceland 
(Island, etc.); supposed to have been brought 
from Iceland.] A sort of shaggy, sharp-eared 
white dog, formerly imported, or supposed to 
be imported, from Iceland as a lap-dog. 
ancc. This feathery incrustation manifests itself especial- 
ly on the edges of rocks, buildings, and projections of all 
kinds, from which elongated masses of crystals sometimes 
project with slight fan-like divergence for a distance of 
two or three feet, pointing in the direction from which 
the wind was blowing at the time of their formation. This 
phenomenon has been called frost-feathers, frostwork, and 
icework; and those who have observed it as exhibited on 
Lasaen's Peak in California have named it ice-banner. 
ice-fern (is'fem), . A fern-like incrustation 
of ice or hoar frost produced on the glass of 
windows by the freezing of insensible moisture. 
Fine as ice-ferns on Jai 
land. 
Use and custome hath intertained other dogges of an 
outlandishe kinde, but a few, and the same beying of a 
bygnesse ; . I meane Mandes curled and 
make showe neither of face nor of body. And yet these 
curres forsoothe, because they are so strange, are greatly 
set by, esteemed, taken up, and made of, many times in 
the roome of the spaniell gentle or comforter. 
A. Fleming, tr. of Caius on English Dogs (1576). (Ifares.) 
Icelander (is'lan-der), n. [= Dan. Islcendei; 
Sw. Islander (Icel. Islendingr) ; as Iceland (< 
. Island, ~ 
ice-field (is'feld), n. A great sheet or floe of 
ice, at times so extensive in arctic seas that its 
limits cannot be seen from the masthead. 
The final breaking up of the ice in the Missouri was one 
of excitement to us. The roar and crash of the ice-Juslds 
could be heard a great distance. 
E. B. Cutter, Boots and Saddles, p. 229. 
ice-fishing (is'fish"ing), n. The act or method 
of fishing through holes cut in the ice, usually 
with hook and line. The most common mode 
of ice-fishing is by means of the tilter or tilt- 
up. See tilter. 
ice-float (Is'flot), n. Same as ice-floe. 
ice-floe (is'96), n. [= Dan. isflage, isflag = Norw. 
isflak, isflake, isflok = Sw. isflake, < is, ice, + 
flage, Norw. flake, floe : see ice a,n&flakel,flaw l , 
floe.] A large sheet of floating ice. 
ice-foot (is'fut), n. A belt of ice, in northern 
seas, built up chiefly by the accumulation of 
the autumn snowfall, which becomes converted 
into ice when it meets the sea-water, and thus 
forms a solid wall from the bottom of the sea 
upward, increasing in height as the snow accu- 
mulates. The upper surface is level with the top of 
high water, and the bottom of the ice-cliff is at the low- 
water level. Also called ice-belt, ice-ledge, and ice-wall. 
The separation of the true ice-foot from our floe was at 
first a simple interval, which by the recession and advance 
of the tides gave a movement of about six feet to our brig. 
Kane, Sec. Grinnell Exp. , I. 162. 
in the cold brine. In ice-cream manufacture the mutual 
liquefaction of ice and salt takes place at F. when these 
substances are mixed in proper proportions, and the latent 
heat of this liquefaction being extracted from the cream, 
the latter freezes. Ether, ammonia, and sulphur dioxid are 
the most important substances used in machines which 
operate upon the first principle. By cooling and compres- 
sion these substances liquefy. They are then allowed to 
evaporate and seize heat from saline solutions, which arc 
utilized for ice-making as above described, or which arc 
pumped through systems of piping for cooling storage- and 
fermenting-rooms. Anhydrous ammonia has proved most 
efficient for ice-machines, and is now more used than any 
other material. See refrigerating-machine, under refri- 
gerate. 
ice-mallet (is'mal"et), H. A mallet used by 
fishermen and others to break or crush ice. 
iceman (is'man), .; pi. icemen (-men). 1. A 
man skilled in traveling upon ice. 
The actual deposit of ice upon our decks would have 
tried the nerves of the most experienced icemen. 
Kane, Sec. Grinnell Exp., I. 76. 
The glacier [des Bois] maintains this wild and chaotic 
character for some time ; and the best iceman would find 
himself defeated in an attempt to get along it. 
Tyndall, Forms of Water, p. 41. 
2. One who is engaged in the industry of 
gathering and storing ice for commercial or 
domestic uses; a dealer in ice; also, one who 
distributes ice to customers. 
ice-mark (is'mark), n. In f/enl., a scratch, 
groove, or polished surface produced by glacial 
action or left by a moving mass of ice ; any in- 
dication of the former presence of ice. 
ice-master (is'mas"ter), n. A pilot or seaman 
of experience, employed to assist in navigating 
through ice in the Arctic ocean. 
ice-mountain (is'moun'tan), n. Same as ice- 
berg. 
Thus are these amazing icemountainx launched forth to 
sea and found floating in the waters round both poles. 
Goldsmith, Hist. Earth (ed. 1790), I. 247. 
(is'pak), . A great field of ice, con- 
" separate masses packed together or 
' adjacent to one another, as in the 
land, land : so called by the first Scandinavian 
explorers, from the polar ice which filled the 
fiords) + -er 1 .] A native or an inhabitant of 
Iceland. 
Iceland falcon, gull. See falcon, mill. 
Icelandic (is-lan dik), a. and n. [< NL. Islan- 
dictis; the analogical E. form would be *Ice- 
landislt = Icel. Islenzkr Sw. Dan. Islands!;.'] 
I. a. Pertaining to Iceland, a large island be- 
longing to Denmark, in the northernmost part 
of the Atlantic ocean, east of Greenland. 
II. . The language of the Icelanders or of 
their literature. It is the oldest and best-preserved 
member of the Scandinavian branch of the Teutonic fam- 
ily of languages. In its older form, called Old Norse, it 
stands as the type of the general Scandinavian speech as 
first recorded (tenth and eleventh centuries), of which 
Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish are the modern continen- 
tal forms. Modern Icelandic dates from the Reformation ; 
it preserves in great part the external form of the Old Ice- 
landic, with considerable changes in pronunciation and 
vocabulary. Many important historical, poetical, theo- 
logical, and other works have been written in Icelandic, 
from the tenth century to the present time. Abbreviated 
The usual mode of travel is by dog-sleds alon: 
foot which everywhere skirts the land. 
Sctdey and Soley, Rescue of Greely, p. 200. 
ice-fork (is'fdrk), . A three-tiued fork of spe- 
cial pattern, used for picking ice into fragments 
before it is ground fine in an ice-crusher. Such 
a fork, as used in the fisheries, has tapering tines about 
1 inch wide and from 6 to 9 inches long, united above, 
and fitted with a socket for a wooden handle 4 or 5 feet 
long. 
187 
.LOclctllU. iilUob) o^JCuij ciAj* KJCO uiic iiv/uiao. 
ice-leaf (is'lef),n. Mullen, Verbascum Thapsus. 
ice-ledge (is'lej), n. Same as ice-foot. 
ice-leveler (is 'lev* el -to), n. An implement 
used in clearing and cleaning the surface of ice 
previous to sawing and gathering. 
ice-loon (is'lon), . The great northern diver, 
Colymbim glacialis or torquatus. 
ice-machine (is'ma-shen*), n. A machine for 
the artificial production of ice. Ice-machines are 
based on one or the other of two general principles, or on a 
combination of the two, namely, the principle of the ab- 
sorption of the latent heat of vaporization or of liquefac- 
tion from surrounding or contiguous bodies by substances 
which evaporate or liquefy at low temperatures, and the 
principle of the conversion of heat into work by the ex- 
pansion of previously compressed and cooled gas or vapor, 
ice-pail (is'pal), n. A pail or bucket intended 
to be filled with ice for cooling wine in bottles 
or decanters. Such a vessel is sometimes made of fine 
material, as porcelain, is fitted with a lining, cover, etc., 
and may serve as an ornament for a sideboard. 
"This is as it should be," said I, looking round at the 
well-filled table and the sparkling spirits immersed in 
the ice-pails. Bvlu-er, Pelham, xvii. 
ice-paper (is'pa"per), n. Very thin, transpa- 
rent gelatin in sheets, for copying drawings. 
Also called papier glace. 
ice-pick (is'pik), n. A small hand-tool, shaped 
like an awl, used for breaking ice. 
ice-pit (is'pit), . A pit dug in the ground, 
lined with some non-conducting material, and 
used for the storage and preservation of ice. 
ice-pitcher (Is'pich"er), . A pitcher for hold- 
ing iced water, often made of metal, with double 
or non-conducting walls. 
ice-plane (is'plau), n. 1. In ice-harvesting, an 
implement used in removing roughnesses and 
irregularities from the surface of ice that is to 
be cut. It is drawn by horses. 2. A tool for 
removing snow-ice from the surfaces of ice- 
blocks before storing them. 3. An instru- 
ment for shaving ice from the lump or block 
for use in the preparation of cooling drinks, etc. 
ice-plant (is'plant), . A plant of the genus 
Mesembri/antnemum , the M.crystallinum, belong- 
ing to the natural order Ficoidete. It is sprin- 
kled throughout with pellucid watery vesicles which shine 
like pieces of ice, and is indigenous in Greece, the Canary 
Islands, and the Cape of Good Hope ; in the Canaries large 
quantities of the plant are collected and burned, and the 
ece, but less commonly. Moimtmpa uniflora is sometimes 
called the American ice-plant, from its white, transparent 
color. 
