Ice-plows. 
a, plow for cutting three parallel grooves 
moderately thick ice ; t>, plow with five shares 
following Tn the 
ice ; f , ice-plow 
e'grobve, for cutting deep 
-cutter with guide. 
ice-plow 
ice-plow (is'plou), n. An implement for cut- 
ting grooves in ice, to divide it into blocks of 
the right size 
for harvesting. 
It is a very nar- 
row plane (practi- 
cally, a saw) with 
a series of blades 
inline, each blade 
being usually a 
little longer than 
the one before it. 
It is usually made 
with a marker that 
serves to indicate 
the position of the 
next cut, or with 
a guide that trav- 
els in the last cut 
made by the plow. 
Sometimes called 
an ice-cutter, or, if 
for thin ice, or to 
make only a slight cut and to be followed by a heavier 
blow, an ice-marker. 
ice-poultice (is'p61*tis), . In med., a poultice 
made by filling a bag or bladder with pounded 
ice ; an ice-bag, 
ice-quake (is'kwak), n. [< ice + quake, after 
earthquake.'} The rending and crashing which 
precede the breaking up of floes of ice. 
icer (i'ser), n. One who ices; specifically, in 
the fisheries, one who ices fresh fish in the hold 
of a vessel. 
ice-liver (is'riv'er), . A fanciful or poetical 
name for a glacier. 
It is indubitable that an ice-river . . . once flowed 
through the vale of Hasli. 
Tyndull, Forms of Water, p. 146. 
ice-saw (is'sa), . A large saw used for cutting 
through the ice to free ships which have been 
frozen in, or for cutting ice in blocks for storage. 
ice-SCraper (is'skra"per), n. An implement for 
cleaning snow and dirt from the surface of ice 
before cutting and storing it. 
ice-screw (is'skro), n. See ice-elevator. 
ice-sheet (is'shet), . A glacial covering or ice- 
cap extending over a large area of country, as 
that which is believed by many geologists to 
have covered much of eastern North America 
during the glacial period. 
An epoch in which the retreating iceeheet still occupied 
the St. Lawrence valley. The American, X. 316. 
ice-ship (Is'ship), . A ship fitted for passage 
through ice. 
The first [sealers] are distinctively ice-shipi. 
Stihley and Solen, Rescue of Greely, p. 113. 
ice-spade (is'spad), n. A hand-tool used in 
harvesting ice, to separate the blocks 
partly cut by the ice-plow. 
ice-spar (is 'spar), . A variety of 
glassy feldspar, the crystals of which 
resemble ice. 
ice-stream (is'strem), n. 1. A more 
or less continuous belt or stream of 
ice-floes driven in a certain direction 
by wind or current, or both. Itisthe ice- 
stream which sweeps around Cape Farewell 
toward the north, bearing the last remains of 
the heavy floes formed originally in the polar 
sea; which is chiefly thus designated. 
I found that we had run deeper into the ice- 
stream than I had intended, and was forced to 
haul out from five to ten miles tetter away i 
from the land. 
Nares, Voyage to the Polar Sea, I. 8. Ice-spade. 
2. A stream-like glacier; a stream of slowly 
moving ice. 
Near the village of Grindelwald, in the Bernese Ober- 
land, there are two great ire-Ktrett-mx called respectively 
the upper and the lower Grindelwald glaciers. 
Tyndall, Forms of Water, p. 93. 
ice-table (is'ta"bl), . A flat, horizontal mass 
of ice. 
ice-tongs (Is't6ngz), n. pi. 1. Large iron nip- 
pers for handling ice. 2. Small tongs for 
taking up pieces of ice at table. They are 
generally made like sugar-tongs, but longer, 
and with larger claws or grapples. 
ice-wall (is'wal), n. Same as ice-foot, some- 
times, however, an " ice-wall " is formed by the pressure of 
the pack, which throws masses of ice on to the shore and 
piles them up to a considerable height in the form of a 
solid wall. Some of the belts of ice which line the arctic 
shores are formed in part from the snow derived from the 
land, and in part from the sea-ice thrown upon the shore 
by the pressure of the pack. 
I secured the ship to a small indentation of the ice-foot 
or ice-wall. Nares, Voyage to the Polar Sea, II. 115. 
ice-water (is' water), . [In the second sense, 
strictly iced water.} 1. Water from melted 
ice. 2. Water cooled by ice ; iced water. 
ice-whale (Is'hwal), . The bowhead, or great 
polar whale, Balaina mysticetus : so called by 
2968 
whalemen because its habitat is among the 
scattered floes, or about the borders of the ice- 
fields or barriers. 
ice-wool (is'wul), 11. Same as eis^cool. 
icework (Is'werk), n. See ice-feathers. 
ice-worn (is'woru), . Bearing the marks of 
the former presence of ice ; smoothed, pol- 
ished, grooved, or scratched by the movement 
of masses of ice containing embedded detritus. 
ice-yacht (is'yot), . An ice-boat. 
ice-yachting (is'yof'ing), n. Sailing with ice- 
yachts. 
ice-yachtsman (U'yoto'mfn), . One who 
sails in an ice-yacht.' 
ich't, pron. A form of /, the nominative of the 
first personal pronoun, in the southern dialect 
of early English, and occasionally found in the 
midland dialect. 
ich 2 t, a. and pron. A Middle English form of 
each. 
kh dien (ich den). [< MHO. G. ich diene, ich 
dien, I serve: ich = AS. ic = E. 7 2 ; dienen, 
OHG. dionon = OS. thiondn, serve, connected 
with OHG. deo = AS. theow = Goth, thins, m., 
OHG. diu = OS. thitei, thiu = AS. theotc e = Goth. 
tltiwi, f., a female servant: see the w'^."\ I serve. 
This was originally the motto of John of Luxemburg, King 
of Bohemia, who was killed at the battle of Crecy in France 
in 134(1. It was adopted, together with his crest of three 
ostrich feathers, by Edward the Black Prince, who served 
in that battle, and both have been retained by the Princes 
of Wales since. 
ichiboo, ichibu (e'chi-bo), . [Jap., < ichi, one, 
+ bit, a division, name or a coin.] See bu. 
Ichneumia (ik-nu'mi-a), . [NL.,< Gr. i^vci'/iui', 
ichneumon; cf. ixvev/ia, a track.] 1. An aber- 
rant genus of African ichneumons or mun- 
gooses, of the subfamily Herpestinat and fam- 
ily rivcrrida!, having a long bushy tail and 
hairy soles. The type Is /. leucura or albieauda. It 
is of dark-gray color, due to annulation of the hairs with 
black and white. S(. Hilaire, 1837. 
2. [I.e.} A species of this genus: as, the white- 
tailed ichneumia. 
ichneumon (ik-nu'mon), . [< L. ichneumon, 
< Gr. ixvei'fiav, an Egyptian animal which hunts 
out crocodiles' eggs, the ichneumon, Pharaoh's 
rat, lit. the 'tracker' (cf. ix vfv /' a > a track), < \x- 
veveiv, track or trace out, hunt after, < Ix^of, a 
track or footstep.] 1 . A carnivorous mammal, 
a kind of muugoose ( Viverra ichneumon of Lin- 
Pharaoh's Rat (Herpestts iffttttumon). 
nseus, now known as Hcrpestesichneumon),touri(l 
in Egypt, belonging to the subfamily Herpestince 
and family Virerridte. It is of slender form, some- 
what like that of the weasel tribe. The body is about 19 
inches long, and of a grizzled brownish and yellowish color, 
due to the annulation of the hairs with dm erent shades ; 
the muzzle and paws are black, and the tail is tufted. It 
feeds on various small mammals, reptiles, or other animals, 
and has long been noted lor devouring crocodiles' eggs, on 
which account it was held in great regard by the Egyptians. 
It. is easily domesticated, and is useful in destroying ver- 
min. Also called Pharaoh' t rat. 
2. [cap.'} A genus of herpestine viverrine 
mammals, containing the species /. pharaonis. 
See Herpestes. Lacepede, 1797. 3. In entom.: 
(a) [cap.'} A Linnean genus of hymenopterous 
insects, formerly including most of the pupivo- 
rous or parasitic hymenopters, now restricted 
to certain species of ichneumon-flies which are 
regarded as typical of the genuine Ichneumo- 
nidce. (b) A species of the genus Ichneumon 
or family Ichneumomdee ; an ichneumon-fly; a 
puckoo-fly. 
Ichneumones (ik-nu'mo-nez), n. pi. [NL., pi. 
of Ichneumon^."} In extern., the ichneumon-flies 
or Ichneiiinonides. The group is divided into Tchnen- 
invnea genuini and Ichneumonen adgciti, which correspond 
respectively with the modern families Ichnemnenidce and 
Braconidai. 
ichneumon-fly (ik-nu'mon-fli), re. A cuckoo- 
fly or ichneumon. See fchneumonidte. 
Ichneumonidcfi (ik-nu-mon'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Ichneumon + -ida:'] A family of Hymeno\>- 
tera pupivora or parasitic hymenopters, estab- 
ichnology 
lished by Leach in 1817 ; the cuckoo-flies, ich- 
neumon-flies, or ichneumons. TI, L . family was for- 
merly much more extensive than it is now, having been 
restricted, by the exclusion of those ichneumons called 
Adsciti (see ISraconiila'), to those which have two recur- 
rent nerves in each fore wing. These insects were for- 
merly called MUXC& tripile*, on account of the three 
threads which sprint: from the iibdniiieii, and Muscce ri- 
brantfs, from their habit of vibrating the antenna 1 . The 
genera ami species are very numerous, over 3,000 species 
existing, it is said, in Europe almie. They are all para- 
sitic on other insects, living usually as internal parasites. 
The abdomen is attached to the hinder extremity of the 
metathorax, between the bases of the posterior coxee. 
The wings are veined, the anterior pair always exhibiting 
perfect cells. The ovipositor is straight and often ex- 
serted. The antenna, 1 are usually thread-like, and are 
composed of more than 10 joints, with very few exceptions 
among the smaller species. The perfect insects feed 
solely on the juices of flowers. Some of them have a very 
long ovipositor, which is used to insert the eggs into the 
bodies of those caterpillars which live beneath the bark 
or in the crevices of wood ; when not employed, this ovi- 
positor is protected by two slender sheaths that inclose 
ft on each side. Others, which have the ovipositor shorty 
place their eggs in or upon the bodies of caterpillars of 
easier access; others again in the nests of wasps. See 
cuts under Crj/piiis, Ophuin, suvi'Piinpla. 
ichneumonidan (ik-nu-mon'i-dan), a. and n. 
I. a. Having the characters of the IcJttieiuno- 
nid(c. 
II. n. An ichneumon-fly or ichueumonid. 
ichneumoniform (ik-nu-mon'i-form), . [< L. 
ichneumon, ichneumon, + forma, form.] Hav- 
ing the form or appearance of an ichneumon- 
ichneumonized (ik-nu'mon-Izd), a. [< ichneu- 
mon + -i;e + -erf 2 .] In entom., infested with 
ichneumon parasites : applied to the larvae of 
insects. 
ichneumonology (ik-nu-mo-nol'o-ji), M. [< ich- 
neumon + Gr. -f.oyia, < tevttv, speak : see -ology.~} 
That department of entomology which is con- 
cerned with the study of ichneumon-flies. 
ichneumOUS (ik-uu'mus), a. [< ichneum-on + 
-oits.] In entom., parasitic ; having the habits 
of an ichneumon: said of insects which deposit 
their eggs in or on larva?, as the Ichneumonidw, 
Chalcididte, and many others. 
ichnite (ik'uit), n. [< Gr. ixm, a track, foot- 
step, footprint, + -ite'*.~\ A fossil footprint; 
the fossilized track or trace of an animal: 
used mostly in compounds: as, ornithichnite, 
saiiroidichnite, tetrapodichnitc. See these words, 
and cut under footprint. 
IchnocarpUS (ik-no-kar'pus), n. [NL. (so 
called in ref. to the slender seed-vessel), < Gr. 
i^-cof. a track, trace, + /co/wof, fruit.] A genus 
of plants of the natural order Apocynaceai. The 
species are climbing shrubs, with opposite leaves, and flow- 
ers in branched terminal panicles. /. fiule*cen is a native 
of Ceylon and Nepal. It is sometimes used in India as a 
substitute for sarsaparllla. It is cultivated as an orna- 
mental plant. 
ichnograph (ik'no-graf), n. [See ichnograpliy.] 
In drawing, a ground-plan, i'. H. Knight. 
ichnographic (ik-no-graf ik), a. [< ichnography 
+ -i'c.] Pertaining to ichnography ; describ- 
ing a ground-plan. 
ichnographical (ik-no-graf 'i-kal), a. [< ichno- 
graphic 4- -/.] Same as ichnographic. 
ichnography (ik-nog'ra-fi), . [< L. ichno- 
graphia, < Gr. 'tx v 7P (v l>i< l > - tracing-out, a ground- 
plan, < Ixvof, a track, trace, + -ypaQia, < ypaijieiv, 
write.] The art of tracing ground-plans; the 
representation of a ground-plot, or of the site 
of an object on a horizontal plane. 
Ichnography, by which we are to understand the very first 
design and ordinance of a work or edifice, together with 
every partition and opening drawn by rule and compass 
upon the area or floor, by artists often call'd the geometri- 
cal plan or plat-forme. 
Evelyn, Architects and Architecture. 
ichnolite (ik'no-lit), n. [< Gr. Ixvof, a track, 
footprint, + /u'&f, a stone.] A stone presenting 
the impression of the foot of a fossil animal ; a 
fossil footprint or ichnite. See cut -under foot- 
print. 
Bones and teeth of the elephant and of the horse have 
also been found in the sandstone beds above the ichnolites. 
Science, IV. 27a 
ichnolithological (ik-no-lith-o-loj'i-kal), a. 
Pertaining to ichnolithology ; ichnological. 
ichnolithology (ik"no-li-thoro-ji), . [< Gr. 
i^-roc, a track, footprint, + ZiSoc, a stone, -j- -?o- 
y/Oj < Afjfd', speak: see -ology.'} The science 
of ichnolites ; ichnology. 
ichnolitic (ik-no-lit'ik), a. [< ichnolite + -ic.] 
Having the character of an ichnolite. 
ichnological (ik-no-loj'i-kal), a. Pertaining to 
ichnology; ichnolithological. 
ichnology (ik-nol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. i^fof, a track, 
footprint, + -Aoym, < Aeycn-, speak: see -ology.} 
That branch of paleontology which treats of 
