Ichnology 
2969 
Ichthyornis 
fossil footprints; the^science of fossil _foot- ichthyographic (ik"thi-o-graf 'ik), a. [< ichtliy. ichthyophagy (ik-thi-of'a-ji), H. [< G 
oaraphy + -/<.] Pertaining to Ichthyography. '\xdvotayla, the eating of "fish, < i^wx&a; 
ichthyography(ik-thi-og'ra-ii),. [(Gr.i^ftf, : C ~ I - --' ' -> - 
prints; tlie study of those animals which are ografiliif + '/<.] 
known only by their footprints. ichthyography 
ichor (I'kor), . [= F. ichor = Sp. icor = Pg. a fish, + -ipa<j>ia~<.ipa<j>ew, write.] 
ichor = It. icorc, < NL. ichor, < Gr. \x"Pj juice, 
the blood of the gods, 
lymph ; cf. k/uif, moisture, 
Gr. and Bom. myth., an ethereal fluid believed 
supply the place of blood in the veins of the 
gods. 
Upon Diomedes wounding the Gods, there flow'd from 
the Wound _an Ichor, or jmre kind of Blood, which was not fish-like vertebrate. Huxley, 1863". 
ing fish: see ichthyophagous.] 
The descrip- eating fish. 
Gr. as if 
. . of, eat- 
The practice of 
. Kesembliug a fish, or having the characters 
of a fish. 
II. n. A member of the Ichthyopsida; any 
bred from .Mortal Vi'an'dT Addison, Spectator, Xo. 333! ichthyoid'al Ti'k-thUoi'daT)7fl'. 
2. A thin, watery humor, like serum or whey; -/.] Same as ichthyoid. 
[< ichthyoid 
-oi: 
Fish-worship; ado- 
'] 
a thin, watery, acrid discharge from an ulcer, ichthyol (ik'thi-ol), n. [< Gr. i^rc, fish, + 
a wound, etc. A syrupy liquid with a bituminous odor 
Long, snaky locks, stiff with loathsome ichor. taste, prepared by the dry distillation of a . y>>ymou8 w -. 
L. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 412. bituminous mineral containing fossil fishes, ichthyophthiran 
ichoraemia, . See ichorrhcemia. It has been used externally in the treatment of 
ichorose (i'ko-ros), a. [= F. ichoreux = Sp. It. various skin-diseases. 
icoroso; as ichor + -ose.'} Full of ichor; icho- ichthyolatrous (ik-thi-ol'a-trus), a. [As ich- 
rous. 
ichorqus (I'ko-rus), a. [< ichor + -ous.] -. 
Like ichor; thin; watery; serous. 2. Full of 
ichor; ichorose. 
ichorrhaemia (i-ko-re'mi-a), n. [NL., < Gr. a fish" ~+"/MTpeia, worship.] 
'X"P, ichor, + peiVj flow, + ai/ia, blood.] In ration of a fish-god. See I)agon%. 
pathol., the condition of the blood when con- ichthyolic (ik-thi-ol'ik), a. [< ichthi/ol + -ic. 
tammated by absorption from a suppurating Pertaining to or composed of ichthyol. 
part. Also spelled ichorcemia. This is best met by using an ichthyolic ointment, or by 
ichth. An abbreviation of ichthyology. paintingonazinc-ichthyol-gelatinepreparationafterward. 
ichthidin (ik'thi-diu), . [< Gr. ixSif, a fish, + . Medical Newt, XLIX. 438. 
-id- + -f'2.] A nitrogenous substance found ichthyolite (ik'thi-o-lit), n. [< Gr. IxQif, a fish, 
in the eggs of cyprinoid fishes. "*" ^">f, stone.] A fossilized fish, or the cast 
ichthin (ik'thin), . [< Gr. txBif, a fish, + -*2.] . of a f oss 11 fish. 
The nitrogenous constituent of the eggs of car- ichthyologic (ik'thi-o-loj'ik), a. [< ichthyology 
tilagiuous fishes. It is closely allied to albumin. + *>] of O1 ' pertaining to ichthyology; re- 
ichthulin (ik'thu-lin), . [< Gr. \x6iic, a fish, lated to ichthyology. 
+ iiM/, matter, 4- -Wi2.] A constituent of the ichthyological (ik"thi-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< ichthy- 
eggs of certain fishes, especially cypriuoids, l!/<c + -'] Same as \ichthyologic. 
containing from 52.5 to 53.3 per cent, carbon, ichthyologically (ik"thi-o-loj'i-kal-i), adr. As 
from 8 to 8.3 hydrogen, 15.2 nitrogen, 1 sul- . regards ichthyology. 
phur, and 0.6 phosphorus. ichthyologist (ik-thi-ol'o-jist), . [< ichthyol- 
ichthyic (ik'thi-ik), a. [< Gr. ixfh>in6c,, of a fish "!>!> * -'**] 9 ne who is Ver8ed in ichthyology. 
fishy, < Ijfltc, afish.] Pertaining to fishes ; hav- ichthyology (ik-thi-ol'o-ji), n. [= F. ichthyo- 
iug the characters of a fish ; ichthyomorphic ; ?"' e = p g- ichthyologia = It. ictiologia, < Gr. 
" ^ l xfl<'$t a fish, + -toyta, \ tJtyetv, speak : see -ology. 
Cf. l^tfuoAovKi', speak of fish.] The science of 
ichthyopsidan; piscine. E. Owen. 
ichthyo-. [L., etc., < Gr. Ix&va-, combining form 
of i^ai'f, afish.] An element in compound words fi snes ! that department of zoology which treats 
of Greek origin, meaning 'fish.' ' fishes, with reference to their structure, re- 
Ichthyobus (ik-thi'o-bus), n. See Ictiobus. 
Ichthyocephali (ik'thi-o-sef 'a-li), n.pl. [NL.. 
< Gr. Ixfli/f, a fish, + acij>a7.ri, head.] A group of 
physostomous fishes, founded by Cope (1870) as 
an order, including eels of the family Monopte- 
< Gr. i,v"''r, lish, + (fifieip, a louse: see 
nVj.s/.v.] An order of degraded crustaceans par- 
asitic upon fishes; the fish-lice. They have a suc- 
torial mouth, no respiratory organs, reduced or rudimen- 
tary limbs, and external ovisacs in the female. Exclud- 
ing some forms which have been included in this order, 
but which are referable to rhizucephalous cirripeds or 
elsewhere, the Ichthyophthira consist of the modern or- 
ders Siphonotttoma and Lentceodea, the term being thus 
, ' l '! ln )> . and . 
[< Ichtliyophthira + -an.'] I. a. Pertaining to 
or having the characters of the Ichthyophthira. 
II. . A fish-louse; one of the Ichthyoph- 
thira. 
traces of uncertain character supposed to have 
been made by members of a hypothetical genus 
Ichthyopodolites. Buckland, 1844. 
ichthyopsid (ik-thi-op'sid), a. and n. I. a. Per- 
taining to or having the characters of the Ich- 
thyopsida. Also ichthyopsidan, ichtkyopsidimi . 
The spinal accessory exists in no Ichthyopsid vertebrate. 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 69. 
II. n. A member of the Ichthyopsida. Also 
ichthyopsidan. 
Ichthyopsida (ik-thi-op'si-da), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. ix^i'f, fish, + 6i/;*f, appearance, view, + 
-irfa.] One of three primary groups or prov- 
inces of vertebrates in Huxley's classification 
(the other two being Saitropsida and Mamma- 
lia), comprising the amphibians or batrachians 
and the fish and fish-like vertebrates ; the bran- 
chiate or anamniotic Fertebrata. They have no 
amnion, and at most a rudimentary allantois, and breathe 
by gills during a part or the whole of life. They have 
urinary organs in the form of persistent Wolffian bodies ; 
a tubular, bllocular, or at most a trilocular heart ; never 
fewer than two aortic arches In the adult; nucleated 
blood-corpuscles ; and no diaphragm, corpus callosum, or 
lations to one another and to other animals, 
classification, habits, and uses. Abbreviated 
ichth. 
Same as ichthyopsid. 
There were two kinds of protovertebrates, namely pis- 
cine and reptilian, or ichthyopsidan and sauropsldan. 
Nature, XXXV. 391. 
Same 
ichthyocephalous (ik*thi-o-sef'a-lus), a. Of or 
pertaining to the Ichthyocephali. the entrails of fishes. 
ichthyocol (ik'thi-o-kol), . Same as ichthyo- ichthyomantic (ik"thi-o-man'tik), a. [< Gr. 
colla. i^flvrf/iovnf, one who prophesies by means of 
ichthyocolla (ik*thi-o-kora), . [L. (Pliny), < fisn : see ichthyomancy.'] Relating to ichthyo- 
glass. 
ichthyocoprolite (ik"thi-o-kop'ro-lit), H. [< Gr. 
ixSi-'S: a fish, + noirpof, dung, + i>u8oc, stone : see 
, n.pl. [NL., 
.- .. j In Owen's 
system, an order of Amphibia, or a suborder of 
Satrachia, including the tailed batrachians. 
The term was contrasted with Ophiomorpha 
The fossilized'excrement of a fish and Tlieriomorpha. It is equivalent to Urodela. 
i9hthyomorphic (ik'thi-o-mor'fik), a. [< Gr. 
IxBt'c, a fish, + fiop<fif/, form.] 1. In zool., hav- 
ing the characters of a fish, or morphologically 
related to fishes ; ichthyopsidan. 2. In myth., 
formed like a fish, altogether or in part; par- 
taking of the form or character of a fish: as, 
the ichthyomorphic sods of ancient Assyria and 
Syria. See Dagotft. 
"chthyopatolite (ik/thi-o-pat'o-lit), n. [< Gr. 
eating and forming a wall continuous" with lhe~cai. 2T& a fis i h ' + , 7r I, 5' a Wot-path (see path), 
Most of them lived in the Devonian seas. "*" ^'"C, a Stone. ] The supposed fossil imprint 
ichthyocrinoid (ik-thi-ok'ri-noid), n. A cri- of the pectoral fin-rays of a fish believed to 
noid of the family Ichthyocrinidce. have been able to move upon solid surfaces by 
Ichthyocrinus (ik-thi-ok'ri-nus), . [NL. means of these organs. 
(Conrad), < Gr. i x Oic, fish, + xpivov, lily (see ichthyophagi, . Plural of ichthyophagus. 
a-moid).] An extinct genus of crinoids, typi- ichthyophagist (ik-thi-of'a-jist), n. [< iehfhy- 
cal of the family Ichthyocrinida;. ophngy + -ist.'] One who'eats fish, or lives on 
ichthyodorulite (ik"thi-o-dor'9-lit), n. [Prop. a fish-diet. 
"ichthyodorylitc, < Gr. txOlf, fish, + S6pv, a spear, ichthyophagous (ik-thi-of'a-gus), a. [< NL. T-VXT. 
+ MOof, a stone.] The fossilized spine of a ichthyophagus^ < Gr. i^tw^ay'oc (also Ixm^a-yof), SS^srJJijs? ( 
fish or fish-like vertebrate. Ichthyodorulites are eating fish, < ixftvf, fish, + (fmyelv, eat.] Eating 
chiefly the spines which armed the front of the dorsal fins or subsisting on fish ; fish-eating ; piscivorous. 
yiov, a wing or fin.] 1 . An order of extinct rep- 
tiles : the ichthyosaurs. In Owen's classification of 
1800 it is the third order of the class lieptilia, and in that 
of 1886 the fifteenth orderof Hannatocrya,o\- cold-blooded 
vertebrates, having a fish-like body, with a very short neck ; 
, 
limbs adapted for swimming, and with more than 5 many- 
short, biconcave vertebrae, and 
coprolite.'} 
ichthyocoprus (ik'thi-o-kop'rus), n. [NL., < 
Gr. ixOi'C, a fish,+ Kdirpof, dung.] Same as ich- 
thyocoprolite. 
Ichthyocrinidae (ik-'thi-o-krin'i-de), . pi. 
[NL. (Wachsmuth and Springer), < Ichthyo- 
mnm + -ida;."] A family of articulate crinoids, 
typified by the genus Ichthi/ocrinus. They had 
small basal plates, the dorsal cup chiefly built up of ra- 
plates of different orders, abutting laterally against ichthyopatolite (ik'thi-o-pat'o-lit), n. 
one another or separated by mterradials, and arms bifur- :,. ,u i_ 1^_ _ f.- i_.i'' !. 
Jointed digits ; numerous s, , 
no sacrum ; the anterior ribs with bifurcate heads ; epi- 
sternum, clavicles, postorbital and supratemporal bones, 
and parietal foramen present ; small maxillaries ; long and 
large premaxillaries ; the teeth confined to the maxillary, 
premaxillary, and premandibular bones, and implanted in 
a common alveolar groove ; large orbits with a circle of 
sclerotic plates ; and two small nostrils. See cuts under 
Ichthywauria and Ichthyosaurus. 
Plual 
- - ._ . e-rij'i-an), a. and 
n. I. a. Pertaining to or having the characters 
of the Ichthyopterygia ; ichthyosaurian. 
H. )(. Oneoftaelchthyopterygia; anichthyo- 
saur. 
ichthyopterygium (ik-thi-op-te-rij'i-um), n.; 
pi. ichth yopterygia (-a). [NL., <'Gr. i^*i'f, a fish, 
-I- irrtpvl- (trTcpvy-), 
irrepityiov, a wing 
or fin.] The free 
appendage of the 
scapular or pelvic 
girdle modified as 
a fin: contrasted 
with chiropterygi- 
um. 
in selachians ; but certain other extinct forms, named 
Acanthodidce, had spines also on the anal, pectoral and 
ventral flns. They are found in the greatest abundance 
in deposits of the Devonian epoch, and many of the fishes 
of that age are known only from such remains. 
When, as in many cases, they [placoid forms of the exo- 
skeleton] take the form of spines, these are called dermal 
defenses, and, in a fossil state, ichthj/udorulite*. 
Uuxleii, Anat Vert., p. 111. 
A wretched ichthyophagous people must make shocking 
soldiers, weak as water. De Quincey, Autobiog. Sketches. 
ichthyophagUS (ik-thi-of'a-gus), . ; pi. ichthy- 
ophagi i (-ji). [NL.: see ichthyophagous.] One 
who eats fish; one who subsists on fish. 
They are still Ichthyophagi, existing without any other 
subsistence but what the sea affords. 
R. F. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 144. 
thi-6r'ni-de), n. 
pi. Same as Ich- 
thyornithidai. 
Ichthyornis (ik- 
thi-or'nis), n. 
[NL., < Gr. IxBif, 
a fish, + opvic, a 
bird.] A remarka- 
ble genus of birds, 
founded by Marsh 
u,hy ar u victor. 
