icon 
When robbing a church, a man will often offer several 
roubles' worth of candles to u neighboring icon, if it will 
only help him to pull out the jewels of the one he is at- 
tacking. A - J - c - Ha, Russia, i. 
The "miracle-working" ikon of Our Lady of Kazan, in 
the Kazan Cathedral at St. Petersburg, is adorned with 
jewels to the value of *60,000. 
6. Kenimn, The Century, XXXV. 882. 
3. In logic, a sign or representation which 
stands for its object by virtue of a resemblance 
or analogy to it. 
Icon* are so completely substituted for their objects as 
to be hardly distinguished from them. Such are the dia- 
grams of geometry. A diagram, indeed, so far as it has a 
general signification, is not a pure icon; but in the mid- 
dle part of our reasonings we forget that abstractness in 
2971 icosahedral 
based on error or superstition; the doctrine or iconology (i-ko-nol'o-ji), H. [= Sp. iconnlogia 
spirit of one who so attacks. = Pg. iconologia, < Gr. UKOvo/oyta, figurative 
, whether manifested in religion or in poll- speaking, < unuv, a figure, image, -r 
speak: see -oloyy.] 1. The science or 
tilings, not as a Attctv. speak: see -oiogy.j i. me BOX 
of artful priests ar t of representation by effigies or pictures. 
r accordingly be <^ A description of statues, pictures, engrav- 
So in contemplating a painting, there is a moment when 
we lose the consciousness that it is not the thing, the dis- 
tinction of the real and the copy vanishes, and it is for the 
moment a pure dream not any particular existence, and 
yet not general. At that moment, we are contemplating 
an icon. C. S. Peirce, Amer. Jour. Math., VII. 181. 
4. In scientific books, specifically, a plate, an 
engraving, or other printed representation. 
iconantidyptic (i-kon-au-ti-dip'tik), a. [< Gr. 
finav, an image, + avri, opposite, + diiirretv, 
equiv. to dveiv, dive, duck.] Presenting two 
images, one direct, the other reversed, of the 
same object : applied to a telescope otherwise 
called diplantidian. 
icones, . Latin plural of icon. 
iconic (i-kou'ik), a. [< L. iconicus, < Gr. eoiv- 
tof, representing a figure, copied, < UKUV, a fig- 
IconoclaBin, 
tics, has regarded the existing order of things, not as a 
product of evolution, but as the work c' - 
and legislators of antiquity, which may 
destroyed as summarily as it was created. 
J. Fiake, Cosmic I'hilos., II. 476. ings, etc. 
The time has been marked byastressof scientific icono- iconomachalt, ; [Erroneously feOftOmfeoJ (see 
diunn Stfdman, Viet. Poets, p. 7. the extract); with term, -at, = Sp. iciiniim/K'n 
iconoclast (i-kon'6-klast), n. [= F. iconodaste = Pg- It. iconomaco, < Gr. efewopftoc, warring 
= Sp. Pg. It, iconoclasta, < MGr. NGr. UKOVO- against images, < MUV an image + ^atia,, 
Gr. Ei/oiv. an image, + */<AdffT W , a fight.] Eccles., opposed or hostile to pictures or 
images. 
We should be too iconomical to question the pictures 
the winds, as commonly drawn in humane heads and 
ided. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., v. 22. 
breaker (cf. K^darr/f, a vine-dresser), < 
break.] 1 . A breaker or destroyer of images ; 
great measure, and the diagram is for us the very thing. person conspicuously hostile to the use of o y,' 1 ^' Hl hVXsTs'Sed' 
So in contumulatinir a naintint;, there is a moment when ....... ... with their cheeks distended. 
images in Christian worship'. Specifically (a) 
or worship of icons or images, and destroyed them when 
in power. The party of Iconoclasts was originated by the 
emperor Leo the Isaurian, and afterward continued or re- 
vived by Constantino Copronymus and other emperors, 
especially Leo the Armenian and Theophilus. The em- 
perors named treated those who honored icons with great 
cruelty, and after the death of the last of them the party of 
Iconoclasts soon became extinct. Hee iconoclastic. iconomachy (I-ko-nom'a-ki), n. 
Under his [Constantinus Copronymus's] auspices a coun- ""; ' a ffa V, 18 t imaees < K 
cil of iconoclast* was held, in which the adoration and the ^X'", a war ag. nst images^ m 
use of images was condemned. 
Jortin, Remark 
(d) One of those Protestants of the Netherlands who, dur- 
ing the reign of Philip II., riotously destroyed the images 
in many of the Roman Catholic churches. 
Hence 2. Any destroyer, denouncer, or ex- 
ach-y + -ist.] One who is opposed to and con- 
tends against the use and cultus of icons; an 
iconoclast. 
The noted ieonomachM Antony of Sylseum was raised in 
821 to the patriarchate of Constantinople. 
Robertson, History of the Christian Church, III. 300. 
[< Gr. eiicovo- 
war- 
ure, likeness : seeieow.] 1. Of or pertaining to poser o f erro rs or impostures; one who sys- 
.,.,.,... 1 1- f\*t lilroi-iauci f\V t.r TM"ll*l'.l*n.1 t.llTA * Ol t,nP , . i _ _ 11 . !_,. _1 : I I V.^14 n fn 
a portrait or likeness or to portraiture ; of the fematically attacks cherished beliefs, 
nature of a portrait. iconoclastic (i-kon-o-klas'tik), a. [= Pg. ico- 
The library also contains a magnificent series of por- 
traits by Holbein, eighty-seven in number, highly finished 
in sepia and chalk, representing the chief personages of 
Henry VIII.'s court all of them works of the highest 
bcautv and marvels of iconic vigour. 
Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 601. 
Perhaps, in dealing with the men that make portraits, 
we may DC allowed to use a word that is scarcely English, 
and call them "iconic sculptors." . . . The French have 
helped themselves to this convenient adjective, and we 
may borrow it of them. 
E. W. Oosse, The Century, XXXI. 39. 
2. Of, pertaining to, or resembling in any way 
an icon or sacred image, or the style of such 
...^.m^..^.. ring against images: see iconomachal.] Enmity 
Jortin, Remarks on Eccles. Hist., an. 741. o r opposition to icons or sacred images ; the 
_ . *_ _.._ _*,_-,-_.,-...,.- A... principles and conduct of the Iconoclasts. 
The monastic party [at the Nicene Council of A. D. 787] 
declared that icmumuuhy was worse than the worst of here- 
sies because it denied the Saviour's incarnation. 
Kobertson, History of the Christian Church, III. 136. 
[Appar. abbr. 
iconomatic (i-kon-o-mat ik), , . 
, . .. - for *icononomatic, < Gr. C'IKUV, an image, + ovo- 
noclastico; && iconoclast + -zc.J ijt or pertain- u a ( r .) name .] Expressing ideas or represent- 
ing to iconoclasm, or to the opinions and prac- j wor ds by means of pictured objects : as, 
tices of the Iconoclasts ; given to breaking im- ieononlatic wr iting. Srinton. 
ages, or to exposing errors of belief or false i con0 maticism (i-kon-6-mat'i-sizm), n. [< icon- 
pretensions : as, iconoclastic enthusiasm. 
Both were embellished with a profusion of statues ; most 
of those at York were destroyed in the first emotions of ico- 
noclastic zeal. //. Swinburne, Travels through Spain, xliv. 
Yet this question, thus prematurely agitated by the 
iconoclastic emperors, and at this period of Christianity so 
fatally mistimed, is one of the most grave, and it should 
seem inevitable controversi '-' * -' >"-'-" 
Mil 
omatic + -ism.} A system of picture-writing, 
or the representation of words by pictured ob- 
jects. 
How complete a system of iconomaticimi they (Egyptian 
and Chinese characters] passed through is unknown. 
Set. Amer., N. S., LVI. 66. 
, 
rsies, arising out of our religion, jconomicalt, See iconomachal. 
ilman, Latin Christianity, iv. 7. iconoJ^Ugm (i-ko- 
image-paintings. 3. In art, con ventional : ap- iconograph (I-kon'o-graf), n. [< Gr. C'IKUV, an 
plied to such work as the statues of victorious i ma g e , + ypd^eiv, write: see iconography.] A 
athletes commonly dedicated to divinities in figure^ illustration ; the representation of any- 
antiquity, or to memorial statues and portrait- thmg by its image, as in drawing or engraving, 
busts executed after fixed models or types, as The illustrations have never been surpassed by the most 
the busts of the sovereign set up in British expensive and careful iconographs. Science, IV. 28. 
iconographer (i-ko-nog'ra-fer), n. [< iconog- iconophilist (i-ko-nof i-list), . 
_ -nof'i-lizm), n. [< Gr. , 
;', loving, + -ism.] ^A liking or 
courts of justice. 
she does not seem to have prescribed its iconoyraphical 
representation. Athenaeum, Oct. 13, 1888, p. 488. 
iconography (i-ko-nog'ra-fi), n. [= F. icono- 
Judging from the character of the heads, it seems prob- raj)h-u 
able that most of the statues are iconic, and may be the *? * 
portraits of Cyprian priests and kings, dedicated, like those P" J 
from the Sacred Way at Branchidie, to the deity of the The lepidopteral iconographer, when the ultimate but- 
temple. C. T. Newton, Art and Archieol., p. 307. terfly has been described, will sigh vainly for more fields 
Iconic alabastrum. See alabastrum. to conquer. Athenvum, Jan. 7, 1888, p. 19. 
iconical (i-kon'i-kal),a, [< iconic + -al] Same iconographic (i-kon-o-graf 'ik), a. [< tcono- 
as iconic. graph + -ic.] Relating to iconography; rep- 
As the work is entirely iconical, or consists only of fig- 
ures without any letterpress, catchword, alphabet, or num- 
ber to the pages, it was new, and uncommon to the book- 
binders. E. Mendes da Costa, Elern. of Conchology, p. 3(i. 
iconism (i'kon-izm), n. [< L. iconismus, < Gr. 
e'iicovia/i6f, delineation; cf. dativco/tia, a copy, 
image, < elwvt&iv, image : see iconize.] A fig- 
ure or representation. [Rare.] 
The fancy will employ itself ... in making some kind 
of apish imitations, counterfeit itonisms, symbolical adum- 
brations and resemblances. Cudworth. 
iconize (1'kon-Iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. iconized, 
ppr. iconizing. [< Gr. e'tKovifrtv, mold into form, 
give a semblance of, image, < C'IKOV, an image : 
see icon.] To form into a likeness or resem- 
blance. [Rare.] 
This world is an image always iconized, or perpetually 
renewed. Cudworth. 
iconoclasm (i-kon'o-klazm), n. [= F. icono- 
clasme, < Gr. C'IK&V, an image, + *K/aoyiof, a 
breaking, < x/lav, break.] 1. The act of break- 
ing or destroying images; specifically, a gen- 
eral destruction of the images and pictures set 
up in churches as objects of veneration carried 
out bv the Iconoclasts in the eighth and ninth 
an image, , ., 
taste for pictures or engravings. [Rare.] 
He [a print-dealer) tells you that he instructs his cus- 
tomers in bibliomania, in bibliopegy, in grangerism, in 
iconovhilism, in the knowledge of art. 
New York Times, Feb. 12, 1888. 
[< Gr. 
A person versed in "iconogra- an image, + 0i'/of, loving, + E. -ist.] A con- 
noisseur of pictures, engravings, or prints; a 
collector or judge of prints. [Rare.] 
The moral of that is, that in collecting prints all is not 
rose-colored, and one must not think of becoming an 
iconophilist without the study and application required 
for any grave pursuit. New York Times, Feb. 12, 1888. 
resenting "or 1 des'cribing by means'of pictures iconostas (i-kon'o-stas), . Same as iconosta- 
or diagrams. A . Vrummond. 
iconographical (i-kou-o-graf 'i-kal), a. [<^ icon- 
Plural of iconostamum. 
conograpca -ou-o-gra -a, . - , . . 
otjraithic +-/.] Same'asicooi/ra/>/c. [Rare.] iconostasion, iconostasmm (i-kon-o-sta si-pn, 
Namatia read aloud the history of her husband, but -um) n.; pi iconostasia (-a). [ML., < IsGr. eo- 
" ' voordmov, <fi/cov(io-TOCT(f: seetcOHOtasi*.] In the 
Gr.Ch., a movable desk or stand on which icons 
are placed, especially the icon of the festival or 
representation 
or objects by means of images or statues, busts 
paintings, drawings, engravings on gems or 
metals, and the like. 2. The art of producing 
likenesses, portraits, or graphic representa- 
tions ; the art of illustration. 
As to the execution of the plates, no iconography of the 
present time excels them. Science, VI. 308. 
3. Pictorial representation in general; an il- 
lustrative figure or collection of figures. 
The inspection alone of these curious iconographies of 
temples and palaces affects one as much by reading, almost, 
as by sight. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. ""' 
centuries, and by Protestants in the Nether- i cono l a t e r (i-ko-nol'a-ter), . [= F. iconoldtre, 
lands in the sixteenth century. < Gr e - K ^ an 'i ma ge, + 2arpe{'C, a worshiper ; 
The general feeling of the community, fostered dili- 
gently by a numerous class of its most energetic and pious 
members, the monks, continued unchanged in its aversion 
to iconoclasm ; and, although at the end of his reign Con- 
c f idolater.] An image-worshiper. 
..--!,,*-., (I ko nol'a-tri'l T Pe icimola- 
COnOiatry (i-KO-noi_a-in;, n. t *T5- 
tna, < Gr. eiKav, ail image, + Aarpeia, worship ; 
at least half-way and often nearly or quite to 
the ceiling of the church, and separating the 
bema, chapel of prothesis, and diaconicon from 
the rest of the church. It has three doors, the holy 
doors in the center, leading directly into the bema proper 
or sanctuary (ieparelof), a door on the right of this, as one 
faces the bema, admitting to the diaconicou or sacristy, 
and one on the left opening into the chapel of prothesis. 
It is from this last door that the processions known as the 
Little and the Great Entrance (see entrance) emerge. The 
doors, especially the central or holy doors, are provided 
with a veil (amphithyra). As the choir of an Oriental 
church does not intervene between the sanctuary and the 
nave, the iconostasis answers in some respects both to the 
Western altar-rails and to a rood-screen. Ritually it cor- 
responds to altar-rails, as it divides the sanctuary from all 
the rest of the church, the choir included. 
ICOSaCOliC (Fko-sa-ko'lik), a. [< Gr. foaxniw^of, 
of twenty clauses^ < tiKoai, twenty, + autov, mem- 
ber, clause: see colon 1 .] In anc. pros., , con- 
rather than weakened by repressive measures. 
Encyc. Brit., XII. 713. 
Hence 2. The act of attacking cherished 
beliefs or traditional institutions regarded as 
"-ist.] One versed in iconology ; one who makes i cosane dral (I'ko-sa-he'dral), a. [Also ie. 
' the study and identification ot anO,;<ieoalteaT-w+-al.'\ ftavingtwentyfaces. 
a specialty of ,,,,,, X H.I'^M..^.I.-V . <>*. *.. . 
statues, painted or engraved likenesses, etc. 'I! icosahedral function. swj/f/n'</rJ/rf/H, under 
/. D'lsraeli. polyhedral. Icosahedral group. See pmy*. to- 
