ictus 
invert this use of the terms. A subordinate ictus can also 
accompany the principal ictus within the same toot. 
icy (i'si), a. [< ME. *isy, < AS. isig (= L>. ij-iij. 
G. eis'Kj = Sw. isig); < is, ice, + -ig, E. -y 1 .] 1. 
Pertaiiiiug to, composed of, produced by, re- 
sembling, or abounding with ice: as, an icy 
surface; icy coldness; the icy regions of the 
north. 
There is no armour against fate ; 
Death lays his icy hands on kings. 
Shirley, Contention of Ajax and Ulysses, iii. 
Tempt icy seas, where scarce the waters roll, 
"Where clearer flames glow round the frozen pole. 
Pope, Windsor forest, 1. 380. 
Solar beams powerful enough to fuse the snows and blis- 
ter the human skin . . . may pass through the ail', and 
still leave it at an icy temperature. 
Tyndull, Forms of Water, p. 102. 
2. Figuratively, characterized by coldness or 
coolness, as of manner, influence, etc.; frigid; 
chilling; freezing; indifferent. 
If he be leaden, icy, cold, unwilling, 
Bethousotoo. Shak., Kich. III., iii. 1. 
Icy was the deportment with which Philip received these 
demonstrations of affection. 
Motley, Dutch Republic, I. 136. 
= Syn. 2. Frosty, cold-hearted, stony. 
icy-pearled (I'si-perld), o. Studded with span- 
gles of ice. [Bare.] 
So mounting up in icy-pearled car, 
Through middle empire of the freezing air 
He wander'd long, till thee he spied from far. 
Milton, Ode, D. 1'. I., iii. 
id. An abbreviation of idem. 
-id 1 . [Formerly also -ide (< F.); = F. -ide = 
Sp. Pg. It. -ido, < L. -idus, a term, forming ad- 
jectives from verbs in -ere, -ere, or from nouns, 
as in acidus, acid, < acere, be sour, aridus, arid, 
< arere, be dry, fluidits, fluid, < fluere, flow, vivi- 
dus, living, < rivere, live, morbidus, morbid, < 
morbus, disease, turbidus, turbid, < turba, dis- 
turbance, etc. The suffix is really -dus (-do-), 
the -i- repr. the orig. or supplied stem-vowel ; 
it occurs without the vowel in absurdus, absurd, 
blandus, bland, crudus, raw (crude), etc. Cf. 
Gr. -iS-Tjf, -((<?)f, etc.: see -id 2 .] 1. A common 
termination in adjectives (and nouns derived 
from adjectives) of Latin origin, as in acid, arid, 
fluid, vivid, turbid, morbid, flaccid, frigid, torrid, 
solid, etc. It is not used as a formative in Eng- 
lish. 2. [NL. -idum, neut. of L. -idus.'] In 
diem., a formative (also spelled -ide, and when 
so spelled generally pronounced -id) suffixed to 
names of elements to form names of com- 
pounds, as in oxid, chlorid, bromide, iodide, sul- 
phid, etc., designating compounds of oxygen, 
chlorin, bromine, iodine, sulphur, etc. Usage is, in 
general, in favor of the form -ide ; but in new formations, 
and in many of the old ones, the form -id is also in use. 
-id 2 . [(1) L. NL. -is (-id-), pi. -id-es, fern. ; (2) 
L. NL. -id-es, pi. -id-ce; both of Greek origin: 
see -ides, -idee, and -is 2 ; cf. -art 2 .] 1. The ter- 
mination of nouns Englished from Latin or New 
Latin feminine nouns (ultimately Greek or on 
the Greek model) in -is, as caryatid, hydatid, etc. 
2. In goal., the termination of nouns Eng- 
lished from Latin or New Latin nouns in -idee, 
as J '(lid, from Felida, fringillid, from Fringillidce, 
etc. In this dictionary such English forms, being always 
adjacent to their obvious primitives, are usually left with- 
out etymological note. 
-ida. [NL., assumed as a neut. pi. to -ides, pi. 
-ida;.'] In zoo!., a frequent termination of the 
names of groups of animals, of no determinate 
rank in the classificatory scale. Entomologists of- 
ten use it for subfamilies, in which case it is the same as 
inae. It may or may not be etymologically the same as 
-oida. 
-idae. [L. NL., pi. of -ides, < Gr. -(%, pi. -if at, 
patronymic suffix: see -ides.'] 1. In words of 
Greek origin, a suffix denoting the descen- 
dants of a person to whose name the suffix is at- 
tached, or a family or kindred of a particular 
origin : as, the Heraclidce, Homeridas, Eupatri- 
de, etc. Specifically 2. In zool., the regular 
termination of the names of families, suffixed 
to the stem of the name of the genus whence 
that of the family is derived, as Felidn; (from 
Felix), Laniidfe (from Lanius), Apodidce (from 
Apus), etc. When the stem ends in -i-, the termination 
is properly, according to Greek analogies, -a/ire, as Lania- 
dtf, Simiada:, etc. ; but, for mechanical uniformity, zoolo- 
gists prefer to use -idee in all cases. See -(-'. 
Idaean (i-de'an), a. [< L. Ida-us, < Gr. 'ItJaiof, 
< "1*7, L. Ida (see def.).] Pertaining to Mount 
Ida, (a) a mountain near the ancient Troy, or 
(fc) the chief mountain in Crete, the mystic 
birthplace of Zeus : as, the Idaian Zeus. 
Here eke that famous golden Apple grew . . . 
For which th' Idcean Ladies disagreed. 
Spenter, F. Q., II. vii. 54. 
2973 
Idalian (i-da'lian), a. [< L. Idalius, adj., < 
Idalium, also Idalia, Gr. 'IddAiov, a city in Cy- 
prus.] Of or pertaining to the ancient town 
of Idalia or Idalium in Cyprus, or to Aphrodite 
(Venus), to whom it was consecrated; inhab- 
iting Idalia. 
Idalian Aphrodite beautiful, 
Fresh as the foam, new-bathed in Paphian wells. 
Tennyson, (Knone. 
ide 1 (id), n. [< Norw. id, also called iilmini 
(mart, mart, small-fry, also a roach), = Sw. id, 
ide ; in NL. idus.'] A cypriuoid fish, Lcuciscits 
idus or Idits melanotus. The golden ide is a culti- 
vated variety, known as the orfe. It resembles the chub, 
and is found in northern European waters. 
ide 2 t, . [ME. : see ides.] See ides. 
The first [season in the year] ... is Vere, and y l begyn- 
neth the vij. ide of Feuerell and endurith to the vij. ide of 
May. Arnold's Chron., p. 176. 
-ide 1 . [See -id 1 .] 1. An obsolete form of -id 1 
in adjectives like acide, fluide, etc. See -id 1 , 1. 
2. In chem., same as -id 1 , 2. 
-ide 2 . [See -i(Z 2 .] 1. Same as -id 2 , 1. 2. In 
zool., same as -lift, 2. 
idea (i-de'a), n. [Also dial, idee; = F. idee = 
Sp. It. idea = Pg. idea, ideia = D. G. Dan. idee 
= Sw. ide, < L. idea (idia, in ML. appar. idea) 
(first in Seneca; Cicero writes it as Greek), 
a (Platonic) idea, archetype, < Gr. idea, form, 
the look or semblance of a thing as opposed to 
reality, a kind, sort ; in the Platonic philosophy 
the locat were general or ideal forms, pattern 
forms, archetype models, L. formic, of which, 
respectively, all created things were the im- 
perfect antitypes or representations; < ISelv, 
see, = L. videre, see, = Skt. / vid, know, per- 
ceive, = AS. witan, E. wit, know: see wit."] 1. 
In the Platonic philosophy, and in similar 
idealistic thought, an archetype, or pure im- 
material pattern, of which the individual ob- 
jects in any one natural class are but the im- 
perfect copies, and by participation in which 
they have their being : in this sense the word 
is generally qualified by the adjective Platonic. 
The more probable view, Parmenides, of these ideas is 
that they are patterns fixed in nature, and that other things 
are like them ; and that what is meant by the participation 
of other things in the ideas is really assimilation to them. 
Plato, Parmenides (tr. by Jowett), III. 249. 
Socrates, he [Parmenides] said, I admire the bent of your 
mind towards philosophy ; tell me, now, was this your own 
distinction between abstract ideas and the things which 
partake of them ? and do you think that there is an idea of 
likeness apart from the likeness which we possess, or of 
the one and many, or of the other notions of which Xeno 
has been speaking? 
I think that there are such abstract ideas, said Soc- 
rates. 
Parmenides proceeded. And would you also make ab- 
stract ideas of the just and the beautiful and the good, and 
of all that class of notions? 
Yes, he said, I should. 
And would you make an abstract idea of man distinct 
from us and from all other human creatures, or of fire and 
water? 
I am often undecided, Parmenides, as to whether I ought 
to include them or not. 
Plato, Parmenides (tr. by Jowett), III. 246. 
2. A mental image or picture. [Although Sir W. 
Hamilton says that idea never was used in any language 
in any but the Platonic sense (def. 1) until the time of 
Descartes, in English, as in French, this second meaning 
has been since the middle of the sixteenth century the 
commoner one in literature.] 
Within my hart, though hardly it can shew 
Thing so divine to vew of earthly eye, 
The fayre Idea of your celestial! hew 
And every parte remaines immortally. 
Spenser, Sonnets, xlv. 
When he shall hear she died upon his words, 
The idea of her life shall sweetly creep 
Into his study of imagination. 
Shak., Much Ado, iv. 1. 
[Species] is called idea [of the Greeks), which is as much 
to say as a common shape conceiued in the mind, through 
some knowledge had before of one or two individumns 
having that shape : so as after we have seen one wolfe, or 
two, we beare the shape thereof continually in our minds, 
and-thereby are able to know a wolfe whensoever we find 
him. Blundeville, Arte of Logicke (1599), iv. 
Yet still how faint by precept is expresst 
The living image in the painter's breast ; 
Thence endless streams of fair ideas flow, 
Strike in the sketch or in the picture glow. 
Pope, To Mr. Jervas. 
3. In the language of Descartes and of English 
philosophers, an immediate object of thought 
that is, what one feels when one feels, or fancies 
when one fancies, or thinks when one thinks, 
and, in short, whatever is in one's understand- 
ing and directly present to cognitive conscious- 
ness. With the nominalists Berkeley and Hume the 
meaning of the word hardly departs from def. 2, above. 
With Reid, Dugald Stewart, and others it denotes an ob- 
ject different from the real thing and from the mind, but 
mediating betweeu them. But Hume uses the word idea 
ideal 
In a somewhat peculiar sense, to mean a sensation repro- 
duced and worked ovt-r. 
Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or is the im- 
mediate object of perception, thought, or understanding, 
that 1 call idea. Locke, Human I'nderstanding, II. viii. !>. 
Since therefore the objects of sense exist only in the 
mind, and are withal thoughtless and inactive, 1 choose 
to mark them by the word idea, which implies those prop- 
erties. Up. Berkeley, Human Knowledge, I. z. 
All the perceptions of the human mind resolve them- 
selves into two distinct kinds, which I call Impressions 
and Ideas. The difference betwixt these consists in the 
degrees of force and liveliness with which they strike upon 
the mind and make their way into our thoughts or con- 
sciousness. Those perceptions which enter with the most 
force and violence we name impressions; and under this 
name I comprehend all our sensations, passions, and emo- 
tions, as they make their first appearance in the soul. By 
ideas, I mean the faint images of these in thinking and 
reasoning. Hume, Treatise of Human Nature, I. L 1. 
The term idea is commonly used to include both images 
and concepts, marking off the whole region of the repre- 
sentative from the presentative. Hut like the term no- 
tion, it tends now to be confined to concepts. 
J. Sully, Outlines of Psycho!., vii. 
4. A conception of what is desirable or ought 
to be, different from what has been observed ; 
a governing conception or principle ; a teleolo- 
gical conception. 
For ante understanding knoweth the skil of the artificer 
standeth in that idea or foreconceit of the work, and not 
in the work itselfe. Sir P. Sidney, Def. of Poesie. 
I thought you once as fair 
As women iu th' idea are. 
Cowley, The Mistress. 
There is what I call the American idea. . . . This idea 
demands, as the proximate organization thereof, a democ- 
racy that is, a government of all the people, by all the 
people, for all the people ; of course, a government on the 
principles of eternal justice, the unchanging law of God ; 
for shortness' sake, I will call it the idea of Freedom. 
Theodore Parker, Speech at Antislavery Convention, 
[Boston, May 29, 1850. 
5. In the Kantian philos., a conception of rea- 
son the object of which transcends all possible 
experience, as God, Freedom of the Will, Im- 
mortality ; in the Hegelian pliilos., the absolute 
truth of which everything that exists is the ex- 
pression the ideal realized, the essence which 
includes its own existence : in the latter sense 
commonly used with the definite article; in 
other a priori philosophies, an a priori concep- 
tion of a perfection to be aimed at, not corre- 
sponding to anything observed, nor ever fully 
realized. 
Idea is the thorough adequacy of thought to itself, the 
solution of the contradictions which attach to thought, 
and hence, in the last resort, the coincidence or equilib- 
rium of subjective notion and objectivity, which are the 
finite expression of that fundamental antithesis of thought. 
Wallace, Logic of Hegel, Prolegomena, xxiil. 
6. An opinion ; a thought, especially one not 
well established by evidence. 
That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea, and 
that a wrong one. Johnson, in Boswell, an. 1770. 
Unluckily Lord Palmerston became possessed with the 
idea that the French minister in Greece was secretly set- 
ting the Greek Government on to resist our claims. 
J. McCarthy, Hist. Own Times, xix. 
7. An abstract principle, of not much immedi- 
ate practical consequence in existing circum- 
stances. 
France went to war for the idea when she had nothing 
else to go to war for ; and, having bound liberty hand and 
foot at home, proclaimed herself again the apostle of lib- 
erty. Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 238. 
8. [cap.'] In entom,, a genus of nymphalid but- 
terflies, based on the Indian Nymphalis idea : 
now called Hestia. Fabricms,18Q8. 9. Inmn- 
sic, a theme or subject; a phrase; sometimes, a 
figure. Often called a musical idea Absolute 
idea, the idea considered as the source of all reality. 
Architectonic Idea, the preliminary plan or sketch of a 
science. Association of ideas. See association. De- 
complex, duplex idea, a union of two or more complex 
ideas in one. Determinate idea. See determinate. 
Innate idea. See innate. Material idea, or idea in 
the brain, an impression made upon the brain by an ex- 
ternal object. Platonic idea. See def. 1. 
ideaed, idea'd (i-de'ad), a. [< idea + -<-d2.] 
Provided with or possessed of an idea or ideas : 
used chiefly in compounds: as, a one-ideaed 
man. 
The writer had omitted to put the idea'd words into red 
ink; so they had to be picked out with infinite difficulty 
from the mass of unidea'd ones. 
C. Reade, Love me Little, vi. 
ideagenous (i-de-nj'e-nus), a. [< idea + -ge- 
os.] Generating or giving rise to ideas. 
Each sensory impression leaves behind a record in the 
structure of the brain an idearfenfiux molecule, so to 
speak; . . . it is these ideagenou* molecules which are the 
physical basis of memory. Huxley, Animal Automatism. 
ideal (i-de'al), a. and . [< F. ideal, now ideal 
= Sp. Pg. Idcnl = It. iilrnle = I), ideaal = G. 
Dan. Sw. ideal, < LL. idealis, existing in idea, 
