illude 
To play upon; mock; deceive with false hopes. 
[Now rare.] 
YeB, quod he, sauynge that I take the hydding by scrip- 
ture for the more sure. For there wot I well (Jod speketh 
& I can not be Uluded. .Sir '/'. More, Works, p. 106. 
Sometimes athwart, sometimes he stn.uk him strayt, 
And fulsed oft his blowes, t' illudr him with such bayt. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. v. 9. 
And of his lady too he doth reherse, 
How shee fllwie* with all the art she can 
Tli' ungrateful! lovo which other lords began. 
Sir J. Davits, Dancing. 
illume (i-lum'). v. t.; pret. and pp. illumed, ppr. 
illuminti. [< OF. illumer (= Pg. illumiar = It. 
illumare), contr. of illuminer, < L. illuminare, in- 
luininare, light up: see illumine, illuminate.] To 
illumine; illuminate. [Poetical.] 
When yon same star, that's westward from the pole, 
Had made his course to illume that part of heaven 
Where now it burns. Shak., Ilamlet, i. 1. 
Her looks were flx'd, entranced, illumed, serene. 
Crabbe, Works, IV. 188. 
illuminable (i-lu'mi-na-bl), a. [< LL. illumi- 
ini/iilia, < \i. illuminare, light up: see illumi- 
nate.] Capable of being illuminated. 
illnminant (i-lu'mi-nant), a. and . [= It. il- 
luminante, < L. illuminan(t-)s, inluminan(t-)s, 
ppr. of illuminare, inluminare, light up: seeM- 
minate.] I. a. Pertaining to illumination ; af- 
fording light. 
II. n. That which illuminates or affords light ; 
a material from which light is procured. 
They are near enough to the truth . . . to represent the 
actual relation of the two illuminant*. 
Pop. Sri. Mo., XXI. 686. 
As lately as fifty years ago the candle was the chief illu- 
minant in use. Science, XIII. 66. 
With a new illuminant competing for favour, consum- 
ers growled more openly at "bad gas" and high gas bills. 
Nature, XXX. 270. 
illuminary (i-lu'mi-na-ri), a. [< illumine + -ary, 
after luminary.'] Pertaining to illumination; 
illuminative. Scott. [Rare.] 
illuminate (i-lu'mi-uat), v. ; pret. and pp. illu- 
minated, ppr. illuminating. [< L. illuminatus, 
inluminattts, pp. of illuminare, inluminare (>ult. 
E. illumine and illume, q. v.), light up, illumi- 
nate, < in, on, + luminare, light,<?umen (lumin-), 
light: see luminate.] I. trans. 1. To give light 
to ; light up. 
It [sherris-sack) ilhtminaMh the face ; which, as a bea- 
con, gives warning. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., iv. 3. 
God . . . made the stars. 
And set them in the firmament of heaven 
To illuminate the earth. Milton, P. L., vii. 350. 
Reason or Guide, what can she more reply, 
Than that the Sun illuminate! the Sky; 
Prior, Solomon, i. 
2. To light up profusely; decorate with many 
lights, as for festivity, triumph, oriiomago : as, 
to illuminate one's house and grounds ; the city 
was illuminated in honor of the victory. 3. 
To enlighten; inform; impart intellectual or 
moral light to. 
The light of natural understanding, u it, and reason, is 
from God ; he it is which thereby doth illuminate every 
man entering into the world. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, iii. 9. 
The learned men of our Nation, whom he [Isaac Casa- 
boinis] doth exceedingly illuminate with the radiant 
beanies of his most elegant learning. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 43. 
It was with a certain desperation that Shelley now 
clung to his project of illuminating and elevating the 
Irish people. E. Dowden, Shelley, I. 265. 
4. To throw light upon; make luminous or 
clear; illustrate or elucidate. 
To illuminate the several pages with variety of exam- 
ples. Watts. 
To Bridgewater House, to see the pictures, where we 
met Sterling. His criticisms very useful and illuminat- 
ing. Caroline Fox, Journal, p. 182. 
5. To decorate in color by hand; adorn with 
pictures, ornamental letters, designs, etc., in 
colors, gold, silver, etc., in flat tints, especially 
without shading, or with merely conventional 
shading: as, the illuminated missals or manu- 
scripts of the middle ages. 
The large brazen eagle, upon the outstretched wings 
of which lay open the heavy Grail, or widely-spreading 
Antinhoner from the noted and illuminated leaves of 
which they [the rulers of the choir) were chanting. 
Rock, Church of our Fathers, ii. 20-J. 
I say illuminated, because the miniatures are painted in 
bright colours on grounds of burnished gold a true ex- 
ample of the original meaning of the word. 
The Academy, June 1, 1889. 
Illuminated Clock. See phosphorescent dial, under dial. 
II. intrans. To display a profusion of lights, 
in order to express joy, triumph, etc. 
The [Irish] people eleven years afterwards ilhuninairrt 
for General Grose on his return to the country, because 
that general. " the one we have now among us, was kind 
to the people" in the rebellion. 
Gladstone, Nineteenth Century, XXII. 406. 
2089 
Hay London continues to illuminate on the Queen's 
birthday, and make merry at princely anniversaries and 
royal festivities. Peep at Our Cousins, i. 
illuminate (i-lu'mi-nat), a. and . [= F. illu- 
ming = Sp. iluininailo = Pg. illuminado = It. il- 
luminato, < L. illuminatus, pp.: see the verb.] 
1. a. 1. Enlightened; illuminated. [Obsolete 
or poetical.] 
And as he then looked behind him he could see the 
earth no more, but the isles all bright and illuminate 
with a mild and delicate fire. 
Holland, tr. of Plutarch, p. 993. 
If they be illuminate by learning. Bacon. 
2. Decorated with or as with colored pictures. 
Illuminate missals open on the meads, 
Bending with rosaries of dewy beads. 
R. U. Stoddard, Hymn to Flora. 
II. n. One who makes pretension to extra- 
ordinary light and knowledge. See illuminati. 
Such illuminates are our classical brethren ! 
llli. Mountagu, Appeal to Cesar, p. 16. 
illuminati (i-lu-mi-na'ti), n. pi. [L., pi. of il- 
luminatus, enlightened: see illuminate, a.] If. 
Eccles., persons who had received baptism, in 
which ceremony a lighted taper was given to 
them as a symbol of spiritual enlightenment. 
2. [ca/>.] A name given to different religious 
societies or sects because of their claim to per- 
fection or enlightenment in religious matters. 
The most noted among them were the Alumbrados (the 
Enlightened) of Spain in the sixteenth century, an ephem- 
eral society of Belgium and northern France (also called 
Ouerineti) in the seventeenth century, and an association 
of mystics in southern France in the eighteenth century, 
combining the doctrines of Swedenborg with the methods 
of the freemasons. 
3. [cop.] See Order of tlte Illuminati, below. 
4. In general, persons who affect to possess ex- 
traordinary knowledge or gifts, whether justly 
or not ; persons who lay claim to superior know- 
ledge in any department : often used satirically. 
Any one can see that the book which forms the centre 
of the group is not a Bible, and the illuminati know that 
it is a photographic album. .V. and Q., 7th ser., VI. 283. 
The great arcanum [the secret of futurity] can be mas- 
tered only by the very few who have the requisite intel- 
lectual capacity. . . . Let Sir John Herschel say what he 
pleases, astronomical problems are a mere bagatelle to the 
problems our illuminati have to solve. //. Rogers. 
Order of the Illuminati, a celebrated secret society 
founded by Professor Adam Weishaupt at Ingolstndt in 
Bavaria in 1776, originally called the Society of the Per- 
fectibilists. It was deistic and republican in principle, 
aimed at general enlightenment and emancipation from 
superstition and tyranny, had an elaborate organization, 
was to some extent associated with freemasonry, and 
spread widely through Europe, though the Hlumlnati were 
never very numerous. The order excited much antago- 
nism, and was suppressed in Bavaria in 1786, but lingered 
for some time elsewhere. 
illumination (i-lu-mi-na'shon), n. [< ME. il- 
lumynacyon = D. illuminatie "= G. Dan. Sw. il- 
lumination, < OF. illumination, F. illumination 
= Sp. iluminacion = Pg. illuminacSo = It. illu- 
minasione, < LL. illuminatio(n-), inluminatio(n-), 
a lightening up, <.~L. illuminare, inluminare, tight 
up: see illuminate.'] 1. Supply of light; ema- 
nation of luminous rays; light afforded by a 
luminous body or substance. 
The amount of illumination diminishes in proportion 
to the square of the distance from the source of illumina- 
tion. Lommel, Light (tratus. ), p. 23. 
2. The act of illuminating, or the state of be- 
ing illuminated ; a lighting up; specifically, an 
unusual or profuse display of light ; decoration 
by means of many lights, as in festivity or re- 
joicing: as, the illumination of a city. 
Bonfires, illuminations, and other marks of Joy appeared, 
not only in London, but over the whole kingdom. 
lip. Burnet, Hist. Own Tunes, an. 1710. 
3. Mental enlightenment; knowledge or in- 
sight imparted. 
The deuelle entirs than by fals illumynacyow, and fals 
sownnes and swetnes, and dyssanes a mans sanle. 
Hampole, Prose Treatises (E. E. T. 8.), p. 17. 
By leaving them (men] to God's immediate care for far- 
ther iUuminaii"ti. he doth not bid them depend upon ex- 
traordinary revelation. Stillingjleet, Sermons, II. vi. 
There is no difficulty so great in Scripture but that, by 
the supernatural illumination! ot God's Spirit concurring 
with our natural endeavours, it is possible to be mastered. 
Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. ix. 
4. In a special use, the doctrine of the Illumi- 
nati ; worship of enlightenment or knowledge. 
One among many results of Scott's work was to turn the 
tide against the Illumination, of which Voltaire, Diderot, 
and the host of Encyclopedists were the high priests. 
J. C. Shairp, Aspects of Poetry, p. 106. 
5. Pictorial ornamentation of books and manu- 
scripts by hand, as practised in the middle ages ; 
adornment by means of pictures, designs, and 
letters in flat colors, gilt, etc., practised espe- 
cially in devotional works: as, the art of illu- 
mination. 
illnminism 
Perfect illumination is only writing made lovely ; the 
moment It passes into picture making It has lost its dig- 
nity and function. liuikin, Lectures on Art, ( 143. 
6. A representation or design in an illumi- 
nated work: as, the illuminations of a psalter. 
In a glorious large folio Salisbury Missal on vellum, and 
written out towards the middle of the fourteenth century, 
now lying open before me, the T [beginning the canon or 
Tc igltur] Is so drawn as to hold within it an illumination 
of Abraham about to slay his son Isaac. 
Jtoclc, Church of our Fathers, I. 103. 
Circle of illumination, that circle on the earth which 
separates places where it is day from places where it is 
night; that great circle on the earth whose plane is per- 
pendicular to the line joining the centers of the earth and 
sun. Direct illumination. See direct. 
illuminatism (i-lu'mi-ua-tizm), n. [< illumi- 
nate, a., + -i*iii.\ Same as illuminism. 
illuminative (i-lu'mi-na-tiv), a. [= F. iHumi- 
natif = Sp. iluminativo = Pg. It. illuminative; 
as illuminate + -ive.] Having the power of pro- 
ducing or giving light ; tending to enlighten or 
inform; illustrative. 
We then enter Into the illuminative way of religion, and 
set upon the acquist of virtues, and the purchase of spir- 
itual graces. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 70. 
What makes itself and other things be seen (as being ac- 
companied by light) is called fire ; what admits the illu- 
minative action of are, and is not seen, is called air. 
Sir K. Digby, Nature of Bodies, Iv. 
Illuminative month. Same as tynvdical month (which 
see, under month). 
illuminate (il-18-mi-na'to), n. [It.: see illu- 
minate, a.] One of the illuminati; a person 
claiming to possess exceptional enlightenment. 
An illiiniiiuiiii like Katkoff may write as if Bussla was 
Invincible ; practical men know better. 
Contemporary Rev. LI. 592. 
illuminator (i-lu'mi-na-tor), n. [= F. illumi- 
nateur = Sp. iluminador = Pg. illuminador = 
It. illuminatore, < LL. illuminator, inluminator, 
an enlightener, < L. illuminare, inluminare, en- 
lighten, illuminate: see illuminate.] 1. One 
who or that which illuminates or gives light ; a 
natural or artificial source of light, literally or 
figuratively: as, the sun is the primary illumi- 
nator. 
Some few ages after came the poet Geffery Chaucer, who, 
writing his poesies in English, is of some called the first 
illuminator of the English tongue. 
Vcrstegan, Rest, of Decayed Intelligence, viL 
The chemists will perhaps be ready ... to produce a 
cheap illuminator from water. The Century, XXVI. 839. 
2. One who decorates manuscripts, books, etc., 
with ornamental pictures, designs, letters, etc., 
in the style called illumination. 
As no book or document was approved unless it had 
some ornamented and illuminated initials or capital let- 
ters, there was no want of illuminators. 
Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 682. 
3. A lens or mirror in a microscope or other 
optical instrument for concentrating the light. 
4. A glass tile or floor-light. 6. An appa- 
ratus for directing a beam of light upon some 
object, as in lighting parts of the body in sur- 
gical or medical examinations. 6. A device 
for carrying a small electric light into the mouth 
in examining the teeth Opaque illuminator, an 
illuminator for a microscope, formed by a circular disk of 
thin gloss, placed at an angle of 46 with the axis of the 
instrument, and reflecting rays from a side aperture down- 
ward upon the object Parabolic illuminator, in a 
microscope, a reflector of semiparaboloid form placed over 
an opaque object to illuminate it. It is silvered inside, 
and the object is placed in its focus. 
illumine (i-lu'min), v. t.; pret. and pp. illu- 
mined, ppr. illumining. [= D. illumineren = 
G. illuminiren = Dan. ittuminere = Sw. illumi- 
nera, < F. illuminer = Pr. enlumenar, illuminar, 
illumenar, ellumenar = Sp. iluminar = Pg. illu- 
minar = It. illuminare, < L. illuminare, inlumi- 
nare, light up: see illuminate. Cf. illume.] To 
illuminate ; light up ; throw light upon, literally 
or figuratively. 
And as the bright sun glorifies the sky, 
So Is her face illumined with her eye. 
Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 486. 
What in me is dark 
Illumine, what is low raise and support. 
Milton, 1'. L. L 23. 
At civic revel and pomp and game, 
And when the long-iKumiiu-d cities flame. 
Tennyton, Death of Wellington, viii. 
illnminee (i-lu-mi-ne'), " [< F- illumine, < L. 
illuminatus, pp.: see illuminate, a.] An illumi- 
nate ; specifically, a member of a sect or of the 
order of Illuminati. 
illuminer (i-lu'mi-ner), n . One who illuminates; 
an illuminator. [Rare.] 
He (E. Norgate) became the best Illuminer or Limner 
of our age. Fuller, Worthies, Cambridgeshire. 
illuminism (i-lu'mi-nizm), n. [= F. Uluminisme 
= Sp. iluminismo = Pg. illuminismo; as illumine 
