incubiture 
The last [circumstance] is the use of those strings, as 
Cardan supposes, for the better keeping them together in 
this i'nr lil'ittin 1 . 
Dr. II. More, Antidote against Atheism, ii. 12. 
incubous(ing'- or in'ku-bus), a. [< NL. incu- 
bus, adj., lying upon: see incubus."] In bot., im- 
bricate in such a manner that the apex of a leaf 
lies on the base of the next one above, as in the 
JnnqermanniacecB, 
incubus (ing'- or in'ku-bus), w. ; pi. iitciibuses, 
incubi (-bus-ez, -bi). [ME. incubus ; = F. incube 
= Sp. incubo=Pg. It. incubo; < LL. incubus, night- 
mare, ML. a demon supposed to be the cause of 
nightmare,< L. incubare, lie upon : see incubate."] 
1. The nightmare. 2. An imaginary being or 
demon, supposed to be the cause of nightmare ; 
especially, such a being of the male sex who 
was supposed to consort with women in their 
sleep. In the middle ages this belief was accepted by 
the church and the law. Deformed children were sup- 
posed to be the results of such association. Compare 
succubus. 
For ther as wont to walken was an elf, 
Ther walketh now the lymytour hym self, . . . 
Wommen may now go saufly up and doun ; 
In every bussh or under every tree, 
Ther is noon oother incubus but he, 
And he ne wol doon hem but dishonour. 
Chaucer, Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 24. 
Belial, the dissolutest spirit that fell, 
The sensualest ; and, after Asmodai, 
The fleshliest Incubus. Milton, P. R., ii. 152. 
A not less distinct product of the savage animistic theo- 
ry of dreams, as real visits from personal spiritual beings, 
lasted on without a shift or break into the belief of mediae- 
val Christendom. This is the doctrine of the incubi and 
succubi, those male and female demons which consort 
with men and women. 
E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, II. 173. 
3. Figuratively, a heavy or oppressive burden ; 
especially, a heavy weight on the mind ; any- 
thing that prevents the free use of the faculties. 
Debt and usury is the incubus which weighs most heavi- 
ly on the agricultural resources of Turkey. 
Farley, Resources of Turkey. 
4. [cap.] In entom., a genus of parasitic hyme- 
nopters of the family Bracnnidts : synonymous 
with Microgaster of Latreille. Schrank, 1802. 
incudal (ing'ku-dal), a. [< incus (incud-) + -al.~\ 
Inzool. and anat., of or pertaining to the incus. 
incudate (ing'ku-dat), a. [< incus (incud-) + 
-ate 1 .] Having an incus, as the mouth-parts 
of a rotifer: as, trophi incudate. 
incudes, . Plural of incus. 
incudius(ing-ku'di-us),n.; pl.incudii(-l'). [NL., 
< L. incus (incud-), anvil : see incus.'] A muscle 
or ligament of the tympanum, oftener called 
laxator tympani : correlated with malledius and 
stapedius. Coues, 1887. 
in cuerpo. See cuerpo. 
inculcate Cin-kul'kat), v. t.; pret. and pp. in- 
culcated, ppr inculcating. [< L. inculcatus, pp. 
of inculcare ( > It. inculcare = Sp. Pg. inculcar = 
F. inculquer), tread in, tread down, force upon, 
< in, in, on, + calcare, tread, < calx, heel : see 
calk 1 ."] To impress by frequent admonitions, 
or by forcible statement or argument; enforce 
or stamp upon the mind. 
I shall be pardoned if I have dwelt long on an argu- 
ment which I think . . . needs to be inculcated. 
Locke, Human Understanding, III. v. 16. 
Innocent had sent to London two persons charged to 
inculcate moderation, both by admonition and example. 
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. 
= Syn. Inifraft, Instil, etc. See implant. 
inculcation (in-kul-ka'shon), n. [= F. inculca- 
tion = Sp. inciilcacion = It. inculcazione ; from 
the verb.] The act of inculcating or impress- 
ing by repeated admonitions ; forcible or per- 
sistent teaching. 
By these frequent inculcations of the Archbishop and 
some of his fellow Bishops, and by their discreet behaviour 
towards the Queen, she was at length brought off from the 
fancy of images. Strype, Abp. Parker, I. 193. 
The days that are to follow must pass in the inculcation 
of precepts already collected, and assertions of tenets al- 
ready received. Johnson, Rambler, No. 151. 
inculcator (in-kul'ka-tor), n. [= Pg. inculca- 
dor = It. inculcatore, <"LL. inculcator, < L. in- 
culcare, tread in or down : see inculcate.] One 
who inculcates or enforces. 
Des Cartes, ... the greatest example and inculcator 
I this suspension [of assent], declares that he would have 
it practised only about human speculations, not about hu- 
man actions. Boyle, Works, IV. 183. 
inculcatory (in-kul'ka-to-ri), a. [< inculcate + 
-on/.] Intended or fitte'd to inculcate. 
As typical and inculcatory, nothing could have been 
more admirable than these sacrifices. 
Mark Hopkins, Discussions for Young Men, p. 233. 
illCUlkt (in-kulk'), v. t. [< F. iMiilqiier, < L. in- 
i-nlntre, tread in or down: see inculcate.] To 
inculcate. 
3050 
I am here compelled to inculk and iterate it with so 
many words. 
Tyndale, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (Parker Soc. , 1850), p. 245. 
Pride and covetousnesse, by corrupt blast blowne, 
luto my hart inculked by fancie fond. 
J. Heywood, The Spider and the File (1556). 
inculpt, v. t. [< F. inculper, < ML. inculpare, 
inculpate : see inculpate."] To inculpate. 
For if Chrysostom's impatience and headlong desire 
slew him, why shuld mine honest proceeding and care be 
inculped therewithal? Shelton, tr. of Don Quixote, ii. 6. 
inculpable (in-kul'pa-bl), a. [= OF. incoupa- 
ble, F. inculpable ="Sp. inculpable = Pg. in- 
culpavel = It. incolpabile, < LL. inculpabilis, 
unblamable, < L. in- priv. + ctdpabilis, blama- 
ble : see culpable."] Not culpable ; not meriting 
blame ; innocent. 
The case is such in the rules of morality that no igno- 
rance of things lying under necessary practice can be 
totally inculpable. South, Works, VII. x. 
inciilpableness (in-kul'pa-bl-nes), n. The con- 
dition or quality of being inculpable; blame- 
lessness. 
True puritee consisteth in the inculpablenext<c and in- 
nocencie of the heart. J. Udall, On Luke xi. 
inculpably (in-kul'pa-bli), adv. In an inculpa- 
ble manner; without blame ; innocently. 
Those things which are not in our power that is, such 
things in which the flesh is inculpably weak. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 675. 
inculpate (m-kul'pat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. in- 
culpated, ppr. inculpating. [< ML. inculpatus, 
pp. of inculpare (> It. incolpare = Sp. ineulpar 
= Pr. eneolpar = F. inculper), bring in fault, < 
L. in, in, + culpa, fault: see culpable, culprit.] 
To expose to blame or imputation of wrong- 
doing; incriminate. 
They renewed their prayers to be excused from serving 
in the council of state, in order that they might not be 
afterwards inculpated for the faults of others. 
Motley, Dutch Republic, L 385. 
inculpation (in-kxil-pa'shqu), n. [= F. incul- 
pation = It. incolpazione, ^ ML. *inculpatio(n-), 
< inculpare, , inculpate: see inculpate.] The act 
of inculpating, or the state of being inculpated ; 
incrimination. 
Among the lower, or rather the lowest, political tactics, 
inculpation of a retiring administration has often been 
resorted to for promoting the success of the opposite 
party. O. T. Curtis, Buchanan, II. 246. 
inculpatory (in-kul'pa-to-ri), a. [< inculpate 
+ -ory."] Tending to inculpate or criminate ; 
criminatory : opposed to excusatory : as, iw- 
culpatory disclosures. 
It furnished especial facilities for destroying inculpa- 
tory evidence. The American, VIII. 69. 
incult (iu-kulf), a. [= F. inculte = Sp. Pg. 
inculto = It. incolto, inculto, (. L. incultus, un- 
tilled, uncultivated, < in- priv. + cultux, pp. of 
colere, till, cultivate: see cult.] Unfilled; un- 
cultivated; wild; hence, unpolished ; unrefined; 
rude, as style. [Rare.] 
Let them be rude, stupid, ignorant, incult. 
Burton, Anat. of MeL, To the Reader, p. 62. 
Her forests huge, 
Incult, robust, and tall, by Nature's hand 
Planted of old. Thomson, Autumn, L 884. 
incultivate (in-kul'ti-vat), a. [< L. in- priv. + 
ML. cultivates, pp. of cultivare, cultivate : see 
cultivate.] Uncultivated; untaught. [Rare.] 
Hence grew the impostures of charms, and amulets, 
and other insignificant ceremonies : which to this day im- 
pose upon common belief, as they did of old upon the 
barbarism of the incultivate heathen. 
Olanville, Vanity of Dogmatizing, xii. 
incultivated (in-kul'ti-va-ted), a. [< inculti- 
vate + -erf 2 .] Uncultivated. 
The soil, though incultivated, so full of vigour that it 
procreates without seed. 
Sir T. Herbert, Travels in Africa, p. 380. 
incultivationt (in-kul-ti-va'shou), n. [< t'w-3 + 
cultivation."] Lack or neglect of cultivation. 
In that state of incultivation which nature in her luxu- 
riant fancies loves to form. 
Eerington, Hist. Abeillard, p. 108. 
inculturet (in-kul'tur), n. [= Sp. Pg. incul- 
tura; < L. in- priv. + cultura, culture: see 
culture."] Lack or neglect of culture. 
The inculture of the world would perish into a wilder- 
ness, should not the activeness of commerce make it an 
universal city. Fellham, Resolves, ii. 49. 
incumbency (in-kum'ben-si), n. ; pi. incum- 
bencies (-siz). [= Sp. Pg. incumbencia = It. 
VMumbemta; as incumben(t) + -cy.] 1. The 
state of being incumbent ; a lying or resting 
on something: as, the incumbency of a burden. 
[Rare or obsolete.] 2. That which is incum- 
bent; a superincumbent weight, physical, men- 
tal, or moral ; hence, a grave duty, responsibil- 
ity, or obligation. [Rare.] 
incur 
We find them more fragil, and not so well qualified to 
support great incumbencies and weights. 
Evelyn, Sylva, I. iii. 17. 
The duties of a man, of a friend, of a husband, of a 
father ; and all the incumbencies of a family. 
Donne, Letters, xxvii. 
3. The state of being an incumbent or holder 
of an office ; the discharge of official or stated 
functions of any kind, especially of ecclesias- 
tical functions ; specifically, the state of hold- 
ing or being in possession of a church benefice. 
Some things are mine by possession, some by use ; some 
by title, some by incumbency. 
Jer. Taylor, Rule of Conscience, iii. 3. 
These fines are only to be paid to the bishop during his 
incumbency in the same see. Swift. 
incumbent (in-kum'bent), a. and n. [< L. in- 
cumben(t-)s, ppr. of incumbere, lay oneself down 
upon, recline upon, < in, on, -r "cumbere, nasal- 
ized form of cubare, lie down : see cwniben t. Cf . 
incubate."} I. a. 1. Lying or resting on some- 
thing. 
He steers his flight 
Aloft, incumbent on the dusky air. 
Milton, P. L., I. 226. 
Meanwhile, incumbent o'er the shining share 
The master leans. Thomson, Spring, 1. 41. 
Specifically 2. Lying, leaning, or resting 
lengthwise, in whole or in part, upon a surface 
to which there is only one point of actual at- 
tachment ornone. (a) In bot., said of cotyledons when 
the back of one is applied to the radicle, as in some of the 
Cruciferce said of an anther when it is fixed by the middle 
or any other part of the back, and lies along the inner side 
of the filament. (6) In zoiil., said of hairs, spines, etc., and 
of organs which lie against the surface to which they are 
joined, (c) In ornith., said of the hallux or hind toe of a 
bird when its whole length rests on the ground or is ap- 
plied to a supporting object, owing to its insertion on a 
level with the anterior toes, (d) In entom., said of wings 
which, in repose, lie horizontally one over the other. 
3. Lying or resting as a duty or obligation; 
imposed, and pressing to performance. 
The goodness and excellency of God are more incumbent 
and actually pressing upon their spirit than any considera- 
tions of reward. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 842. 
It ... appeared a duty incumbent upon me to attempt 
to reclaim them. Goldsmith, Vicar, xxvi. 
H. n. One who discharges stated functions ; 
the holder of an office of any kind; especial- 
ly, one who discharges ecclesiastical functions; 
one who holds a benefice. 
Many livings in Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckingham- 
shire, and Northampton were rendered vacant by the 
suspension of the incumbents from the steeples of their 
churches. B. W. Dixon, Hist. Church of Eng., xv. 
incumbentesst (in-kum'ben-tes), n. ^incum- 
bent + -ess.] A female incumbent. [Rare.] 
You may make your court to my Lady Orford by an- 
nouncing the ancient barony of Clinton, which is fallen 
to her by the death of the last incumbentess. 
Walpole, Letters (1760\ III. 371. 
incumbently (in-kum'beut-li), adv. In an in- 
cumbent manner. 
incumber, incumberingly. See encumber, en- 
cumberingly. 
incumbitidnt (iu-kum-bish'on), re. [Irreg. < L. 
incumbere, lie or lean upon '(see incumbent), + 
-iSon.] A lying upon or among something. 
The souls of connoisseurs themselves, by long friction 
and incumbition, have the happiness, at length, to get all 
be-virtued, be-pictured, be-butterflied, and be-flddled. 
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, ii. 3. 
incumbrance.incumbraucer. Seeencumbrance, 
encumbrancer. 
incumbroust, a. Same as encunibrous. 
incunabula (in-ku-nab'u-lii), . pi. [L., neut. 
pi., cradle-clothes, swaddling-clothes, hence a 
cradle, birthplace, origin, < in, in, + cunabula, 
neut. pi., a cradle, dim. of cunce, fern, pi., a cra- 
dle. Cf. cunabula."] 1. The cradle or early 
abode ; the place in which a thing had its ear- 
liest development, as a race, an art, etc. ; hence, 
first trace ; beginning ; origin. 
It is also in Orissa, if anywhere, that we may hope to 
find the incunabula that will explain much which is now 
mysterious in the forms of the temples and the origin of 
many parts of their ornamentation. 
J. Fergusson, Hist. Indian Arch., p. 435. 
2. In ornitji., a breeding-place; the resort of a 
bird to breed. 3. In bibliography, books print- 
ed in the infancy of the art ; generally, books 
printed before the year 1500: in this sense 
rarely with a singular incunabiilwm. 
Including such rare works as 430 Incunabula, from A. D. 
1469 to 1510. Cat. Union Theol. Sem., 1882-3. 
incur (in-ker'), v. ; pret. and pp. incurred, ppr. 
incurring. [Early mod. E. also incurr, incurre; 
< ME. ineurren, encorren, < OF. encorre. encorir, 
eiicourir, F. encourir = Pr. encorre, encorrcr = 
Sp. incurrir = Pg. incomr = It. iiicm-rrrc, < L. 
iitcurrere, run into, run toward, meet, < in, into, 
on, 4- currere, run : see current 1 .] I. trans. If. 
