induce 
A poplexy, induced by the excesses of the preceding night, 
Sir Giles's confidential leech pronounced to be the cause of 
his sudden dissolution. 
Durham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 18. 
Solitude induced reflection, a reliance of the mind on 
its own resources, and individuality of character. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 205. 
5. la physics, to cause or produce by proximi- 
ty without contact or apparent transmission, 
as a particular electric or magnetic condition in 
a body, by the approach of another body which 
is in an opposite electric or magnetic state. 
6. To infer by induction. 
From a sufficient number of results a proposition or law 
is induced, the authority of which increases with the num- 
ber and weight of those results. Science, XII. 304. 
=Syn. 3 and 4. Impel, Induce, etc. See actuate, and list 
under incite. 
induced (in-dusf), P- Caused by induction. 
Induced current, in elect., a current excited by the 
variation of an adjacent current or of the surrounding 
magnetic field. See induction, 6. Induced magnetism, 
magnetism produced in soft iron when a magnet is held 
near, or a wfre through which a current is passing is coiled 
round it. See induction, 6. 
inducement (in-dus'ment), . [< induce + 
-ment.] 1. That which induces ; anything that 
leads the mind to will or to act ; that which in- 
fluences one's conduct ; motive; incentive. 
If this inducement move her not to love, 
Send her a letter of thy noble deeds. 
Shak., Rich. III., IT. 4. 
All Mankind abhorr suffering so much that one of the 
great Inducements to the study of Morality of old was to 
find out some Antidotes against the common Accidents of 
Life. Stillingjleet, Sermons, III. v. 
2f. A preamble, preface, or introductory ex- 
planation; an induction. See induction, n., 4. 
Howsoeuer (in these wretched dales) the dedication of 
Bookes is growne into a wretched respect ; because the In- 
ducements looke a wrie, sometimes from vertue, pointing 
at ostentation (which is grosse), or at flatterie (which is 
more base), or else at gain e, which is the most sordid of all 
other. Sir T. More, Dedication, Int. to Utopia, p. clxxi. 
3. In law, a statement which leads to the main 
statement ; facts and circumstances stated by 
way of preliminary to show out of what the act 
or transaction directly in question arose. =Syn. 
1. Incentive, etc. (see motive), incitement. See actuate. 
inducer (in-du'ser), n. One who or that which 
induces, persuades, or influences. 
inducise (in-du'shi-e), n. pi. [L., more correct- 
ly indutiw, a cessation of hostilities, a cessa- 
tion, pause, delay.] In Scots law, the days 
which intervene between the citation of a de- 
fender and the day of his appearance in the ac- 
tion or process: more fully called inducia; legates. 
inducible (in-du'si-bl), a. [< induce + -ible.] 
1. Capable of being induced; that may be 
caused, brought about, or made to take place. 
2. Capable of being inferred by induction; 
that may be concluded or inferred. 
That the extreme and remote parts of the earth were in 
this time inhabited is also inducible from the like testi- 
monies. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vi. 6. 
induct (in-dukt'), v. t. [< L. inductus, pp. of 
inducere, lead in: see induce.] 1. To intro- 
duce; initiate. 
We may be pretty certain that Mr. Rowson profited, in 
his turn, by his young master's liberality and gratitude 
for the pleasures to which the footman inducted him. 
Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Ivi. 
2. To introduce, especially into an office or em- 
ployment ; put formally in possession ; inaugu- 
rate or install. 
The prior, when inducted Into that dignity, took an oath 
not to alienate any of their lands. 
Bp. Burnet, Hist. Reformation, an. 1553. 
Malone . . . inducted himself into the corresponding 
seat on the other side. Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, vii. 
inductance (in-duk'tans), n. [< induct + -ance.] 
Power of induction ; specifically, the coefficient 
of self-induction. See induction, 6. 
The term commonly employed to denote the electrical 
inertia-like effect is "self-induction," which is becoming 
gradually shortened to inductance. Science, XII. 18. 
inductativet (in-duk'ta-tiv), a. [ME. inducta- 
tife; appar. < induct +'-ative, but prob. intend- 
ed for inductive.] Serving to induct. 
Or natural goodiies of euery substance, is nothing els 
than his substaunciall being, which is ycleaped goodnes, 
so as it is inductatife, by meanes into the first goodnes. 
Chaucer, Testament of Love, ii. 
inducteous (in-duk'te-us), a. [Irreg. < induct 
+ -eous.] In elect., rendered electropolar by 
induction, or brought into the opposite electric 
state by the influence of inductive bodies. 
inductile (in-duk'til), . [< in-S + ductile.] 
Not ductile ; not capable of being drawn into 
threads, as a metal. 
inductility (in-duk-til'i-ti), . [< inductile + 
-ity.] The quality of being inductile. 
3068 
induction (in-duk'shon), n. [< ME. induction, 
< OF. (also F.) induction = Pr. inductio = Sp. 
induction = Pg. inducyao = It. induzione, < L. 
inductio(n-), a leading in, bringing in or upon, 
an inference (tr. Gr. kvayuyif), < inducere, lead 
in: see induce, induct.] 1. The act of inducting 
or bringing in. 2. Specifically, the introduc- 
tion of a person into an office with the custom- 
ary forms and ceremonies ; installation ; espe- 
cially, the introduction of a clergyman into a 
benefice, or the official act of putting a clergy- 
man in actual possession of the church and its 
temporalities, to which he has been presented: 
usually performed by virtue of a mandate un- 
der the seal of the bishop. 3f. Beginning; com- 
mencement; introduction. 
These promises are fair, the parties sure, 
And our induction full of prosperous hope. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ffl. 1. 
Plots have I laid, inductions dangerous, 
By drunken prophecies, libels, and dreams, 
To set my brother Clarence and the king 
In deadly hate the one against the other. 
Shak., Rich. III., i. 1. 
Some straight way said (their tungs with enuy fret) 
Those wanton layes inductions were to vice. 
0. Whetstone, Remembrance of Gascoigne. (Arber.) 
4. In a literary work, an introduction or pre- 
face; a preamble; a prologue; a preliminary 
sketch or scene; a prelude, independent of 
the main performance, but exhibiting more 
or less directly its purpose or character: as, 
the induction to Shakspere's "Taming of the 
Shrew." 
Gentlemen, Inductions are out of date, and a prologue 
in verse is as stale as a black velvet cloak and a bay gar- 
land. Beau, and Fl., Woman-Hater, Prol. 
The opening or induction to these tales contains perhaps 
the most poetical passages in Berceo's works. 
Ticknar, Span. Lit., I. 28. 
5. In logic, the process of drawing a general 
conclusion from particular cases ; the inference 
from the character of a sample to that of the 
whole lot sampled. Aristotle's example is : Man, the 
horse, and the mule are animals lacking a gall-bladder ; 
now, man, the horse, and the mule are long-lived animals ; 
hence, all animals that lack the gall-bladder are long-lived. 
Logicians usually make it essential to induction that it 
should be an inference from the possession of a character 
by all the individuals of the sample to its possession by the 
whole class ; but the meaning is to be extended so as to 
cover the case in which, from the fact that a character is 
found in a certain proportion of individuals of the sample, 
its possession by a like proportion of individuals of the 
whole lot sampled is inferred. Thus, if one draws a handful 
of coffee from a bag, and, finding every bean of the hand- 
ful to be a fine one, concludes that all the beans in the bag 
are fine, he makes an induction ; but the character of the 
inference is essentially the same if, instead of finding that 
all the beans are fine, he finds that two thirds of them are 
fine and one third inferior, and thence concludes that about 
two thirds of all the beans in the bag are fine. On the other 
hand, induction, in the strict sense of the word, is to be 
distinguished from such methods of scientific reasoning 
as, first, reasoning by signs, as, for example, the inference 
that because a certain lot of coffee has certain characters 
known to belong to coffee grown in Arabia, therefore this 
lot grew in Arabia ; and, second, reasoning by analogy, 
where, from the possession of certain characters by a cer- 
tain small number of objects, it is inferred that the same 
characters belong to another object, which considerably 
resembles the objects named, as the inference that Mars 
is inhabited because the earth is inhabited. But the term 
induction has a second and wider sense, derived from the 
use of the term inductive philosophy by Bacon. In this 
second sense, namely, every kind of reasoning which is 
neither necessary nor a probable deduction, and which, 
though it may fail in a given case, is sure to correct itself 
in the long run, is called an induction. Such inference 
is more properly called ampliative inference. Its char- 
acter is that, though the special conclusion drawn might 
not be verified in the long run, yet similar conclusions 
would be, and in the long run the premises would be so 
corrected as to change the conclusion and make it cor- 
rect. Thus, if, from the fact that female births are gen- 
erally in excess among negroes, it is inferred that they will 
be so in the United States during any single year, a prob- 
able deduction is drawn, which, even if it happens to fail in 
the special case, will generally be found true. But if, from 
the fact that female births are shown to be in excess among 
negroes in any one census of the United States, it is in- 
ferred that they are generally so, an induction is made, and 
if it happens to be false, then on continuing that sort of 
investigation, new premises will be obtained from other 
censuses, and thus a correct general conclusion will in the 
long run be reached. Induction, as above defined, is called 
philosophical or real induction, in contradistinction to/<w- 
rtlal or logical induction, which rests on a complete enumer- 
ation of cases and is thus induction only in form. A real 
induction is never made with absolute confidence, but the 
belief in the conclusion is always qualified and shaded 
down. Socratic induction is the f ormation of a definition 
from the consideration of single instances. Mathematical 
induction, so called, is a peculiar kind of demonstration 
introduced by Fermat, and better termed Fermatian in- 
ference. This demonstration, which is indispensable in 
the theory of numbers, consists in showing that a certain 
property, if possessed by any number whatever, is neces- 
sarily possessed by the number next greater than that 
number, and then in showing that the property in ques- 
tion is in fact possessed by some number, N ; whence it 
follows that the property is possessed by every number 
greater than N. 
induction 
Socrates used a kind of induccion by askyng many ques- 
tions, the whiche when thei were graunted he broughte 
therupon his conflrmacion concerning the present con- 
troversie ; which kinde of arguments hath his name of 
Socrates himself, called by the learned Socrates induction. 
Sir T. Wilson, Rule of Reason. 
Our memory, register of sense, 
And mould of arts, as mother of induction. 
Lord Brooke, Human Learning (1633), st. 14. 
Inductions will be more sure, the larger the experience 
from which they are drawn. Bancroft, Hist. Const., I. 5. 
6. In physics, the process by which a body hav- 
ing electrical or magnetic properties calls forth 
similar properties in a neighboring body with- 
out direct contact; electrical influence, statical 
or electrostatic, induction is the production of an electrical 
charge upon a body by the influence of another body which 
is charged with statical electricity. For example, If a 
brass sphere A charged with electricity is brought near to 
a neutral conductor B, it calls forth or induces in it a state 
of electrification opposite to that of A on the nearer end a, 
and of the same kind on 6. The presence of electricity on 
the surface of B may be shown by the divergence of the 
pith balls. The electricity at a is bound by the charge on 
A, while that at 6 is free. If a ground connection is made, 
as by touching B with the finger, that at b will pass off, 
leaving only the opposite kind of electricity on B, which, 
if the sphere A is removed, will then diffuse itself over 
the whole surface and be free, B becoming charged by 
Statical Induction. 
induction with negative electricity if that of A be positive. 
It can be shown by experiment that the inductive influ- 
ence is transmitted through the non-conducting medium, 
which may be considered as in a state of strain or ten- 
sion. It is found, further, that the character of the me- 
dium determines the amount of induced electricity. The 
power of a non-conducting substance to transmit this in- 
fluence, as compared with that of dry air, is called its spe- 
cific inductive capacity, or dielectric capacity. For exam- 
ple, for glass it is several times that of dry air. The prin- 
ciple of statical induction is involved in the electrophorus, 
in the Holtz and other influence or induction machines, 
and in the condenser, as in the Leyden jar. Voltaic or 
electrodynamie induction is the production of an electric 
Voltaic Induction. 
current by the influence of another independent current. 
When the current is induced by the action of a mag- 
net, or when a magnetic condition is induced by an elec- 
tric current* the phenomenon is spoken of as electromag- 
netic induction. Suppose we have a small coil or bobbin of 
rather coarse insulated copper wire connected with a vol- 
taic battery, called the primary coil, A, and another larger 
hollow coil of finer wire, also insulated, called the secon- 
dary coil, B, whose poles are connected with a galvanom- 
eter. It will be found that if A is first inserted within B, 
and then a current is sent through A, at the instant when 
the circuit is made a momentary current (induced cur- 
rent) will be induced in B, opposite in direction to that 
of A ; also that, when the primary circuit is broken, there 
will be a momentary induced current in the same direc- 
tion as that in A that is, a direct current will be induced 
in B. If, further, the primary current is rapidly made and 
broken, the wire of the secondary coil will be continually 
traversed by a current, but one whose direction is contin- 
ually alternating. A similar result will be produced if 
the primary current is varied rapidly in strength, an in- 
crease in strength producing an inverse, and a decrease a 
direct current. Thirdly, if while A is continually traversed 
by a current it is first inserted within B and then with- 
drawn, an induced current will be caused in B, first in- 
verse and on the withdrawal direct, and so on. Similarly, if 
a magnet is first introduced within B and then withdrawn, 
the result is to induce in B a current respectively inverse 
and direct to the amperian currents of the magnet consid- 
ered as a solenoid. (See Ampere' n theory, under theory.) 
Again, if a piece of soft iron is placed within the coil B, and a 
magnet is rapidly approached and withdrawn from it, the 
