instrument 
instrument, means, furtherance, dress, apparel, 
document, < instruere, construct, prepare, fur- 
nish: see instruct.'] 1. Something that serves 
as a means to the effecting of an end; any- 
insubordination 
When the Protector wished to put his own brother to instrumentalizet (in-stro-men'tal-iz), v. t. [< 
death, without even the semblance of a trial, he found a instrumental + -i:e.] To form as an instru- 
ready instrument in """jgj*^ Hall am's Const. Hist, ment; produce as an agent or agency. 
_ T , , O f - ' in the making of the first man, God first instrumental- 
5. In law, a writing given as tne means perfect bSdy, and then infused a living soul. 
thing that contributes to the production of an a ti n g, securing, modifying, or terminating a 1{ev T Adams, Works, III. 147. 
effect or the accomplishment of a purpose ; a righti or affording evidence, as a writing con- instrumentally (in-stro-men'tal-i), adv. 1. As 
taining the terms of a contract, a deed of con- "" t v- * 
One of the first acts performed by the new solicitor gen- mean s to an end. 
iral was to draw up an instrument w hich authorized Walker 
means; an agency o 
Then wash all the instruments of the sences, as the eies, veyance, a grant, a patent, an indenture, etc 
the ears, the nostrils, the mouth, the tongue, the teeth, and 
all the face, with cold water. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 255. 
Neither yield ye your members as instruments of un- 
righteousness unto sin, but ... as instruments of right- 
eousness unto God. Rom. vi. 13. 
The lowly classes, clouded by despair, were driven some- 
times to admit the terrible thought that religion, which 
is the poor man's consolation and defence, might after 
all be but an instrument of government in the hands of 
their oppressors. Bancroft, Hist. Const., II. 366. 
Intellect is not a power, but an instrument not a 
an instrument, means, or tool; by way of au 
instrument; in the nature of an instrument; 
eral was to draw up a 
and his proselytes to hold their benefices, notwithstand- 
ing their apostasy. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. 
The curious instrument by which Manfred, in May, 1269, 
undertook the protection of the city still exists in the 
Sienese archives. 
C. E. Norton, Church-building in Middle Ages, p. 107. 
Absolute, active, chromatic Instrument. See the 
adjectives. Brass Instrument. See wind-instrument. 
Circular Instruments. See circular. Diatonic In- 
struments. See diatonic. Equatorial Instrument. 
thing which itself moves and works, but a thing which is gee equatorial, ~ Instruments of evidence. See em- 
moved and worked by forces behimHt. ^ oi ^ _ nM dence Negotiable, notarial, etc., Instrument. See 
H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 382. 
From thence they will argue that, the end being essen- 
tially beneficial, the means become instrumentally so. 
Burke, Popery Laws. 
2. By means of an instrument, a tool, or a ma- 
chine. 
The 13th I took the height of it inttrumentally, stand- 
ing near the sea side, which I found to be 34 minutes, the 
sun being 28 degrees high. Boyle, Works, V. 709. 
3. With instruments of music. 
The earlier fathers of the church . . . condemned mu- 
sical devotion when instrumentally accompanied. 
W. Mason, Church Musick, p. 27. 
the adjectives. = Syn. 2. Implement, Utensil, etc. See tool. 
Specifically 2. Something used to produce a instrument (in'stro-ment), v. t. [= OF. in- jnstrumentalness (in-strij-men'tal-nes), n. 
mechanical effect; a contrivance with which to strumen ter, play on an instrument; from the Instrumentality; usefulness to an end or pur- 
i ....,_ -x i_:_j._i i noun.] In music, to compose or arrange for in- p Ose . 
struments, especially for an orchestra ; score. ^ inslrumentalnes8 of rich es to works of charity, 
instrumental (in-stro-mental), a. and re. |_=-*- Hammond. 
instru 
Sp, 
menta, 
adv 
perform mechanical work of any kind ; a tool 
implement, utensil, or machine. 
Sound all the lofty instruments of war, 
And by that music let us all embrace. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 2, 98. 
The agriculture appeared to me extremely good, the in- 
struments very clumsy. 
Sydney Smith, To Mrs. Sydney Smith. 
Among their instruments [in the Hippocratic era] were 
strument: see instrument.} I. a. 1. Of the 
nature of an instrument or tool ; serving as an 
ducive to an end ; instrumental. [Rare.] 2. 
In Scots law, of or pertaining to a legal instru- 
ment : as, instrumental^ witnesses. 
forceps probes, directors, syringes, rectal speculum, bathe- } ' "* 
ter, and various kinds of cautery. Encye. Brit., XXII. 674. instrument or means ; used or serving to pro- mDllli< ,..,., ^^. 
Specifically -3. In music, a mechanical con- mote or effect an object ; helpful ; serviceable : instrumentation (in*8tr9-men-ta'shon),B. [= 
trivance or apparatus for producing musical as, the press has been sto <ra entoZ m enlarging w ,,,.,,-_ T> .*,,.*,.*,. ., 
sounds-that is, for setting up, either in a solid the ^ ou ds of knowledge. 
^L^^^^^&^^^,^: ttSttK8G~!& 
ficiently rapid, regular, and definite to produce 
tones systematically related to one another. An 
instrument involves a vibration-producing agency, avibra- 
tile body, usually a resonator of some kind, and various 
appliances for regulating the pitch, the force, the dura- 
tion, and often the quality of the tones produced. Instru- 
ments may be grouped by reference to any one of these 
the bounds of knowledge. 
All second and instrumental causes, without that oper- 
ive faculty which God gave them, would become alto- 
gether silent, vu-tueless, and dead. Raleigh, Hist. World. 
My chief inducement . . . was to be instrumental in 
forwarding your happiness. 
Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer, ii. 
The instrumental weapon of investigation, the spectro- 
scope, has made important advances. Science, IV. 182. 
F. instrumentation = Pg. 
instrument + -ation.] 1. Use of instruments; 
work done by means of instruments, especially 
in surveying and the like. 
Something more is needed than the Engineer, stiff with 
his instrumentation and his equations and his economies 
of line. 
D. 0. Mitchell, Bound Together (Highways and Parks). 
2. Instrumental means or aid; facility fur- 
menis may ue groupuu uy reieieuue 10 any une ui IMCBC owpv, _ . - - 
characteristics. Thus, with respect to the vibration-pro- 3 Pertaining to made by, or prepared for nished by instruments; intermediate agency, 
ducing agency, they are -(a)infiatile, blown by the breath, :'*_,,,* B<mp/,i a llv musical instruments TRare.1 
as a flute ; by mechanically compressed air, as an organ or l nst m , en L 8 ' _!3*?SS f^5L2'H^22: 
as a flute ; by mechanically compressed air, as an organ or 
a concertina ; or by the wind, as an teolian harp ; (b) per- 
cussive or pulsatile, struck together, as cymbals ; by a ham- 
mer, as a pianoforte, a bell, or a drum ; or by the hand, 
as a tambourine ; (c) plucked, pulled aside and then re- 
leased, as the strings of a harp or guitar, or the teeth of a 
music-box ; (d) fricative, rubbed by the finger, as musical 
glasses; by a bow (bow-instruments), as a violin and its 
many relatives ; or by a wheel, as a hurdy-gurdy. Again, 
with respect to the vibratile body, instruments are (a) 
pneumatic, as the foundation-stops in a pipe-organ ; (b) 
stringed, as a harp, a violin, or a pianoforte ; (c) tongued 
or reed, as an oboe, a clarinet, or a reed-organ (properly 
all the metal wind-instruments belong here); (rf) tym- 
panic, as a drum or a tambourine ; (e) vibrating entire, 
as a bell or a tuning-fork. The resonators used are vari- 
ous, and difficult of classification. Again, with respect to 
the means of fixing the desired pitoh of the tone, instru- 
ments are (a) of fixed intonation, as the lyre, which has 
a separate string for each tone desired ; the pianoforte 
and organ (keyed instruments), which are fitted with keys 
or levers to determine which of several vibratile bodies 
shall be used ; the guitar, which is fitted with frets over 
which the strings can be shortened ; the flute, which 
has finger-holes by stopping which the effective length of 
the vibrating column of air can be altered ; the cornet- 
a-pistons, which has valves by which the air-column can 
be supplemented ; or the trombone, the tube of which 
slides into itself, etc. ; (6) harmonic, producing the tones 
of a harmonic scale according to the method of blowing, 
as the horn, trumpet, etc.; (c) of free intonation, as the 
violin and its relatives, on which (although the strings are 
first tuned to fixed pitches) the player may produce any 
conceivable gradation of pitch. Instruments may also be 
grouped as (a) solo, melodic, producing usually but one 
tone at a time, as a violin, a flute, a horn, etc.; (b) con- 
certed, harmonic, polyphonic, producing many tones at 
once, as a pianoforte, an organ, a harp, a lute, etc. Final- 
ly, they may be grouped as (a) popular, used for com- 
paratively crude music ; or (b) orchestral, developed into 
great perfection of form, and applied to the performance 
nation. Popular instruments everywhere belong to the 
classes represented hy the pipe, the harp, the lute, the 
drum, and the cymbals. The modern orchestra is corn- 
Specifically, in music, noting a composition or a passage 
intended for instruments rather than for the voice, or in 
a style not germane to the voice : opposed to vocal. 
Sweet voices, mixed with instrumental sounds, 
Ascend the vaulted roof. 
Dryden, Cym. and Iph., 1. 579. 
The Nightingale . . . breathes such sweet loud music 
out of her little instrumental throat. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 26. 
Among the earliest specimens of instrumental accompa- 
niment that have descended to us m 
may be mentioned the 
[Rare.] 
Otherwise we have no sufficient instrumentation for our 
human use or handling of so great a fact and our personal 
appropriation of it, ... no fit medium of thought re- 
specting it. H. Bushnell. 
3. In music, the process, act, or science of 
composing or arranging music for instruments, 
especially for an orchestra. It includes a know- 
ledge of the technical manipulation, compass, tone-qual- 
ity, and mutual adaptability of all recognized instruments. 
It is one of the most advanced branches of the general 
science of composition. 
organ parts to some of the services and anthems by Eng- instTUmentist (in ' stro-men-tist), n. [= F. 
lish composers of the middle of the 16th century. instrumentiste = Sp. Pg. instrumentista; as in- 
Grove, Diet. Mono, I. 20 gtmment + ^ fc] p |rf ormer upon a musica l 
3. In gram., serving to indicate the instrument jagtmment . an i ns trumentalist. 
posed of the following classes ; (a) Stringed, including 
violins, violas, violoncellos, bass viols, and harps ; (b) 
wood wind, including flutes, oboes, English horns, clari- 
nets, bassoons ; (c) brass ivintl, including French horns, 
lative. Abbreviated inst. or instr. 
Could we make out the Teutonic as it was a thousand 
years earlier, we might perhaps find a complete instru- 
mental form, with an ablative and a locative, the perfect 
apparatus of Indo-European noun-inflection. 
J. Hadley, Essays, p. 50. 
Instrumental score. See score. 
II. ". It. An instrument. 
Unto the deep, fruitful, and operative study of many insuavityt (in-swav'i-ti), n 
sciences . . . books be not the only instrumentals. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 112. 
2. The instrumental case. Compare I., 3. 
The other treats similarly the instrumental, considering 
the A. S. dative-instrumental as corresponding to an old- 
er instrumental, under the instrumental of accompani- 
ment, of means, of cause, of manner. 
Amer. Jour. Philol, VI. 3. 
instrumentalist (in-strg-men'tal-ist), n. 
instrumental + -ist.] 
upon an instrument: opposed to vocalist. 
Our own early minstrels . . . [united] the now separate 
offices of poet, vocalist, and instrumentalist. 
H. Spencer, Universal Progress, p. 26. 
trumpets (cornets), trombones,' ophicleides, etc.; (d) per- instrumentality (in"stro-men-tari-ti), n. ; pi. 
cussive, including tympani, long drums, triangles, etc. invtrinnrntaliticv ( tirl K i- 
For an account of the human voice as a musical instru- 
ment, see voice. 
In that place was had fill gret mynstracy ; 
Both hye and has instrumentes sondry. 
Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 945. 
Tantrum Clangley, a place long celebrated for the skill 
of its inhabitants as performers on instruments of percus- 
sion. T. Hardy, Under the Greenwood Tree, v. 2. 
4. One who is used by another; a human tool. 
tal; subordinate or auxiliary agency; agency 
of anything as means to an end. 
This Robbin (so much talked on) 
Was once a man of fame, 
Instiled earle of Huntington, 
Lord Robert Hood by name. 
True Tale of Robin Hood (Child's Ballads, V. 355). 
Whereof, I avow, I account nought at all, knowing no 
age so Justly to be instiled golden as this of our sovereign 
lady queen Anne. Qay, Shepherd's Week, Proem. 
[= Pg. insuan- 
dade = It. insuavita; as in-3 + suavity.] Lack 
of suavity; unpleasantness. 
All fears, griefs, suspicions, discontents, imbonities, in- 
suaeities, are swallowed up and drowned in this Euripus, 
this Irish Sea, this Ocean of Misery. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 215. 
insubjection (in-sub-jek'shon), n. [< in- 3 + 
subjection.] Lack of subjection ; a state of dis- 
.... .. obedience to authority or control. Todd. 
In music, a performer insubmergible (in-sub-mer'ji-bl), a. [< in-* + 
submergible.] Incapable of being submerged. 
The latter, insubmergible so designated, although ac- 
tually overflowed by the torrent, and expected and in- 
tended to be so at times, and it may be frequently be- 
long to a class of embankments which have been long in 
use. Quoted in J. C. Brown's Reboisement in France, p. 80. 
insubmission (in-sub-mish'on), n. [< in-3 + 
submission.] Want of submission; disobedi- 
ence; insubordination. Wilnelm, Mil. Diet. 
This I set down, to let the world see that Cranmer was insubordinate (m-sub-or'di-uat), a. [= F. in- 
subordonne = Sp. Pg. msitbordmado = It. tnmtli- 
not at all concerned in those niceties which have been so 
much inquired into since that time, about the instrumen- 
tality of faith in justification. 
Bp. Burnet, Hist. Reformation, an. 1540. 
2. An instrumental means or agency; some- 
ordinato; as in- 3 + subordinate.] Not subor- 
dinate or submissive ; not submitting to author- 
ity; refractory. =Syn. Disobedient, unruly, disorderly, 
turbulent, mutinous. 
The finest Device of all was, to have five of the Duke of TV-"" "--'-'.._-> . s ~ v i - ^,MU. C ..V,_.., U L.,_, UI . O . 
pinioned like thing serving as an instrument : as, preaching insubordination (m-sub-or-di-na shon), . [= 
, 
Gloucester's Instruments manacled and 
Traitors. Baker, Chronicles, p. 221. 
The bold are but the instruments of the wise. Dryden. 
is the great instrumentality in the spread of 
religion. 
F.inxHli<'di>i<ition,=:S\>.imubor(lin<icii>ii = 
intubordimgao = It. insubordinazione.] The 
