intellect 
sense. Practical intellect is distinguished from theoretical 
or speculative, by Aristotle and all other psychologists, as 
having an end in view. The Platonists at all periods dur- 
ing the middle ages made intellect a special cognitive fac- 
ulty, higher than reason and lower than intelligence 
namely, the faculty of understanding and conceiving of 
things natural but invisible, as soul and its faculties and 
operations. (Intellectus more often means the cognitive 
act, product (concept), or habit than the faculty.) With 
Kant the intellect is, first, in a general sense, the non- 
sensuous, self-active faculty of cognition ; the faculty of 
producing representations, of bringing unity into the 
matter given in sense, of conceiving objects, and of judg- 
ing ; the faculty of concepts, or rules, of discursive cogni- 
tion ; the faculty of a priori synthesis, of bringing the 
manifold of given representations under the unity of self- 
consciousness ; and secondly, in a narrower sense, the 
faculty of conceiving of intuited objects und of forming 
concepts and judgments concerning them, but excluding 
the pure use of the understanding, which in the Kantian 
system is reason. 
Intellect, sensitivity, and will are the three heads under 
which the powers and capacities of the human mind are 
now generally arranged. In this use of it the term intel- 
lect includes all those powers by which we acquire, retain, 
and extend our knowledge, as perception, memory, imagi- 
nation, judgment, &c. Fleming, Vocab. of Philos. 
The intellect is only a subtler and more far-seeing sense, 
and the sense is a short-sighted and grosser intellect. 
W. Wallace, Epicureanism, p. 93. 
I was readily persuaded that I had no idea in my intnl- 
lect which had not formerly passed through the senses. 
Descartes, Meditations (tr. by Veitch), vi. 
2. Mind collectively ; current or collective in- 
telligence: as, the intellect of the time. 
The study of barbaric languages and dialects a study 
that now absorbs so much of the most adventurous intel- 
lect of philology. Amer. Jour. Philol., VII. 265. 
3. pi. Wits; senses; mind: as, disordered in 
his intellects. [Obsolete or vulgar.] Agent in- 
tellect (L. intellectus agens, tr. Or. vous TTOIIJTIKO?, crea- 
tive reason], in the Peripatetic philosophy, a being, facul- 
ty, or function, the highest form of mind, or the highest 
under the Deity. To determine with precision what Aris- 
totle meant by it is an insoluble problem, and it has been 
understood in the most widely ditferent senses by differ- 
ent philosophers : sometimes it is regarded as consisting 
of the intellectual relations really existing in outward 
things and acting upon the understanding as upon a per- 
ceptive faculty ; sometimes it is conceived as a divine life 
which at once animates the soul and creates the objects 
of its knowledge ; sometimes it is believed to be a living 
being, a sort of angel, imparting knowledge to the mind ; 
sometimes it is made a faculty creative of the ideas which 
the possible intellect then apprehends ; sometimes it is 
little more than the power of abstracting general notions 
from singulars ; sometimes it is treated as an uncon- 
scious activity of thought : and each of the senses of the 
term has had its varieties. =Syn. 1. Soul, Spirit, etc. See 
mind. 
intellected (in'te-lek-ted), a. [< intellect + 
-ed' 2 .~\ Endowed with intellect ; having intel- 
lectual powers or capacities. [Bare.] 
In body and in bristles they became 
All swine, yet intellected as before. 
Cotvper, Odyssey, x. 297. 
intellectible (in-te-lek'ti-bl), a. [< ML. intel- 
lectibilis, < L. intelUgere, pp. intellectus, under- 
stand: see intellect.'] In metaph., of the nature 
of a pure self-subsistent form, apprehended 
only by the reason. See intelligible, 2. 
intellection (in-te-lek'shon), n. [= P. intellec- 
tion = Pr. entellectio = Sp. inteleccion = Pg. in- 
tellec$ao = It. intellezione, < L. intellectio(n-), 
understanding (in L. used only in a technical 
sense, synecdoche, but in ML. in lit. sense), 
< intellegere, intelUgere, perceive, understand: 
see intellect, intelligent.'] 1. An act of un- 
derstanding; simple apprehension of ideas; 
mental activity; exercise of or capacity for 
thought. 
I may say frustra to the comprehension of your intellec- 
tion. B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2. 
The immortality of man Is as legitimately preached from 
the intellections as from the moral volitions. 
Emerson, Essays, 1st ser., p. 301. 
So exquisite was his [Spenser's] sensibility that with him 
sensation and intellection seem identical, and we " can al- 
most say his body thought." 
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 176. 
In thinking, or intellection, as it has been conveniently 
termed, there is always a search for something more or 
less vaguely conceived, for a clue which will be known 
when it occurs by seeming to satisfy certain conditions 
J. Ward, Encyc. Brit, XX. 7B. 
2. In rhet., the figure also called synecdoche. 
Intellection . . . isatrope, when wegatherorjudge the 
whole by the part or part by the whole. 
Sir T. Wilson, Art of Rhetoric (1553), p. 177. 
intellective (in-te-lek'tiv), a. [= F. intettectif 
= Pr. intellectiu = Sp. intelectivo = Pg. intellec- 
tivo It. intellettivo, < ML. as if intellective, < 
L. intellegere, intelUgere, pp. intellectus, under- 
stand: see intellect, intelligent.'] I. Of or per- 
taining to the intellect ; having power to un- 
derstand, know, or comprehend. 
According to his power intellective, to understand to 
will, to nill, und such like. Bluntienlle. 
3132 
For the total man, therefore, the truer conception of 
God is as "the Eternal Power, not ourselves, by which all 
things fulfil the law of their being ; " by which, therefore, 
we fulfil the law of our being so far as our being is ses- 
thctic and intellective, as well as so far as it is moral. 
M. Arnold, Literature and Dogma. 
2. Produced by the understanding. Harris. 
3. Capable of being perceived by the under- 
standing only, not by the senses. 
Instead of beginning with arts most easy, . . . they pre- 
sent their young unmatriculated novices with the most 
intellective abstractions of logick and metaphysicks. 
Milton, Education. 
4f. Intellectual; intelligent. 
In my iudgment there is not a beast so intellectiue as 
are these Eliphants. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 235. 
Intellective cognition. See cognition. 
intellectively (in-te-lek'tiv-li), adv. 
tellective or intelligible manner. 
Not intellectiuely to write 
Is learnedly they troe. 
Warner, Albion's England, ix. 44. 
intelligence 
Upon these intellectualists, which are, notwithstanding, 
commonly taken for the most sublime and divine philoso- 
phers, Hcraclitus gave a just censure. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 
These pure and seraphic intellectualists forsooth de- 
spise all sensible knowledge as too grosse and materiall 
for their nice and curious faculties. 
Bp. Parker, Platonick Philos., p. 62. 
To satisfy all those intellectualists who might wish to 
do the computing and theorizing for themselves. 
Piazzi Smyth, Pyramid, p. 172. 
intellectualistic (in-te-lek // tu-a-lis'tik), a. [< 
intellectualist + -ic.] Of or 'pertaining to in- 
tellectualism, or the doctrine of the intellectu- 
alists. 
Of what may be called spiritualistic or intellectualistic 
pantheism. T. Whittaker, Mind, XII. 455. 
intellectual (iu-te-lek'tu-al), a. and n. [= F. 
intellectual = Pr. intellectual = Sp. intelectual = 
Pg. intellectual = It. intellettuale, < LL. intellec- 
tualis, pertaining to the understanding, < L. in- 
tellectus, understanding : see intellect.] I. a. 1. 
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of intellect 
or understanding ; belonging to the mind ; per- 
formed by the understanding; appealing to or 
engaging the intellect or the higher capacities 
of man; mental: as, intellectual powers or opera- 
tions ; intellectual amusements. 
What is the whole history of the intellectual progress 
of the world but one long struggle of the intellect of man 
to emancipate itself from the deceptions of nature? 
Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 56. 
Knowledge of hooks, and a habit of careful reading, is 
a most important means of intellectual development. 
J. F. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 312. 
2. Perceived by the intellect ; existing in the 
understanding; ideal. 
In a dark vision's intellectual scene. Cowley. 
3. Having intellect, or the power of under- 
standing; characterized by intellect, or the ca- 
pacity for the higher forms of knowledge : as, 
an intellectual being. 
Could have approach'd the eternal light as near 
As th' intellectual angels could have done. 
Sir J. Davies, Immortality, Int. 
Intellectual cognition. See cognition. Intellectual 
distinctness, the separate apprehension of the different 
marks which enter into any idea. Intellectual feel- 
ings. See the extract. 
It will also be convenient to include nnder the one term 
intellectual feelings not only the feelings connected with 
certainty, doubt, perplexity, comprehension, and so forth, 
but also what the Herbartian psychologists whose work 
in this department of psychology is classical have called 
par excellence the formal feelings that is to say, feelings 
which they regard as entirely determined by the form of 
the flow of ideas, and not by the ideas themselves. 
J. Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 69. 
Intellectual Indistinctness. See indistinctness, 2. 
Intellectual intuition, an immediate cognition, or an 
intuition of a general truth : a phrase invented by Kant for 
the purpose of denying the existence of the thing, which 
was afterward asserted by Fichte. 
II. n. The intellect or understanding ; men- 
tal powers or faculties : commonly in the plural. 
[Now rare.] 
By these Extravagancies and odd Chimera's of my Brain 
you may well perceive that I was not well, but distem- 
per'd, especially in my Intellectuals. 
Bowell, Letters, ii. 29. 
Her husband . . . not nigh, 
Whose higher intellectual more I shun. 
Milton, P. L, ix. 483. 
A person whose intellectuals were overturned, and his 
brain shaken out of its natural position. 
Swift, Tale of a Tub, ix 
intellectualisatioii, intellectualise. See in- 
tellectualization, intellectualize. 
intellectualism (in-te-lek'tu-al-izm), n. [< in- 
tellectual + -ism.] 1. Exercise of intellectu- 
ality; devotion to intellectual occupation or 
thought. 
The whole course of study is narrowed to a dry intel- 
lectualism. The American, V. 278. 
2. Belief in the supremacy of the intellect ; the 
doctrine that all Knowledge is derived from 
pure reason. 
Here again he [Carneadesl opposed a free intellectual' 
ism to what was, in reality, the slavish materialism of the 
Stoics. J. Owen, Evenings with Skeptics, I. 314. 
intellectualist (in-te-lek'tu-al-ist), n. [< IH- 
tellectual + -ist.~] One who intellectualizes ; 
a devotee of the intellect or understanding; 
one who believes or holds that all knowledge is 
derived from pure reason. 
In an in- intellectuality (in-te-lek-tu-al'i-ti), . [= F. 
inteltectualite = Sp. intelectualidad = Pg. intel- 
lectualidade = It. intellettualita, < LL. intellec- 
tualita(t-)s, < intellectualis, intellectual: see in- 
tellectual.] The state of being intellectual ; in- 
tellectual endowment ; force or power of intel- 
lect. 
A certain plastick or spermatick nature, devoid of all 
animality or conscious intellectuality. 
Ballywell, Melampronoea (1681), p. 84. 
He [Hogg] was protected by a fine non-conducting web 
of intellectuality and of worldliness from all those influ- 
ences which startle and waylay the soul of the poet, the 
lover, the saint, and the hero. E. Dowden, Shelley, I. 57. 
intellectualizatiqn (in-te-lek'tu-al-i-za'shon), 
n. [< intellectttalize + -ation.'] A making in- 
tellectual ; development of the intellect. Also 
spelled intellectualisation. 
A superficial intellectualization is to be secured [in 
schools] at the cost of a deep-seated demoralization. 
H. Spencer, Study of Sociol., p. 373. 
intellectualize (in-te-lek'tu-al-Iz), v. t.; pret. 
and pp. intellectualized, ppr. intellectualizing. 
[= I *. intellectualiser ; as intellectual + -ize.] 
1. To treat or reason upon in an intellectual 
manner. 2. To inform or endow with intel- 
lect ; cause to become intellectual ; develop the 
intellect or intellectuality of. 3. To give or 
attribute an intellectual or ideal character or 
aspect to ; idealize. 
Leibnitz intellectualised perception, Just as Locke sen- 
sualised the conceptions of the understanding. 
E. Caird, Philos. of Kant, p. 506. 
The biological bond which binds man to the past and 
to the outer world has an intellectualizing effect upon our 
conceptions. N. A. Ben., CXX. 259. 
Also spelled intellectualise. 
intellectually (in-te-lek'tu-al-i), adv. In an 
intellectual manner ; by means of the under- 
standing ; with reference to the intellect. 
intellectualness (in-te-lek'tu-al-nes), n. The 
quality of being intellectual; intellectuality. 
Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these sar- 
ages with the intellectualnese of the civilized man? 
Thoreau, Walden, p. 16. 
intelligence (in-tel'i-jens), n. [< ME. intelli- 
gence, intelligens, < OF. (also F.) intelligence = 
Pr. intettigencia, entelligencia = Sp. inteligencia 
= Pg. intelligencia = It. intelligenza, < L. intel- 
legentia, intelligentia, discernment, understand- 
ing, intelligence, < intellegen(t-)s, intelligences, 
discerning, intelligent : see intelligent.'} 1. The 
quality of being intelligent; understanding; in- 
tellect; power of cognition. 
God, of himselfe incapable to sense, 
In 's Works, reueales him t' our intelligence. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, 1. 1. 
The intelligence is not one thing among others in the in- 
telligible world, but the principle in reference to which 
alone that world exists, and, . . . therefore, there is no- 
thing in the nature of intelligence to prevent it from un- 
derstanding a universe which is essentially the object of 
intelligence. E. Caird, Hegel, p. 153. 
Intelligence is that which sees itself, or is at once object 
and subject. 
J. Watson, Schilling's Transcendental Idealism, p. 37. 
2. Cultivated understanding; acquired know- 
ledge ; information stored up in the mind. 
An ancient, not a legendary tale, 
By one of sound intt'lliyence. rehears'd. 
Cowper, Task, vi. 480. 
Common instinct is sufficient to guard against palpable 
causes of injury ; intelligence alone can protect us from 
the latent and deeper agencies of physiological mischief. 
Huxley and Youmans, Physiol., 380. 
3. Exercise of superior understanding; address; 
skill: as, he performed his mission with much 
intelligence. 
Oedes regned in the marches tho; 
Sagilly hym ruled to intelligens. 
-Row. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 5315. 
4. Mutual understanding; interchange of in- 
formation or sentiment; intelligent inter- 
course: as, a glance of intelligence passed be- 
