introduction 
text, date ami authorship, language, contents, and more 
important versions, A liiblie.:il introduction properly in- 
cludes an inquiry into the history (1) of each hook, (>) of 
the canon or collection ot thu si-vcr.il l,ks into the one 
hook, (3) of thu text, including a comparison of the various 
texts, and (4) of the trendraODI and versions. = Syn. 6. 
E&irdium, Introduction, Preface, Preliule, I'munlili; Prn- 
Iniiiti: KairdiuM \ the old or classic technical word In 
rhetoric for the beginning of an oration, up to the second 
division, whieh may be "narration," ''partition," "prop- 
osition," or the like, fntrodvttton is a more general 
word, in this connection applying tospoken or written dis- 
course, and covering whatever is preliminary to the sub- 
ject; in a hook it may he the opening chapter. As dis- 
tinguished from the preface, the introduction is supposed 
to he an essential part of the discussion or treatment of 
the theme, and written at the outset of composition. A 
preface is supposed to be the last words of the author In 
connection with his subject, and is generally explanatory 
or conciliatory, having the style of more direct address to 
the reader. A prelude is generally an introductory piece 
of music (see the definition of overture) ; a preamble, of a 
resolution, an ordinance, or a law : as, the preamble to the 
declaration of Independence. A prologue is a conciliatory 
spoken preface to a play. All these words have some free- 
dom of figurative use. 
introductive (in-tro-duk'tiv), a. [= P. intro- 
ditctif = It. introdiittivo ; as introduct + -ire.] 
Serving to introduce ; introductory : sometimes 
followed by of. 
The action is of itself, or by reason of a public known 
indisposition of some persons, probably introductive of a 
sin. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 279. 
introductively (in-tro-duk'tiv-li), adv. In a 
manner serving to introduce. 
introductor (in-tro-duk'tor), n. [= F. intro- 
dueteur = Sp. Pg. introductor = It. introdnt- 
tore, < LL. introductor, < L. introduce, lead in: 
see introduce.'] One who introduces ; an intro- 
ducer. 
We were accompanied both going and returning by y 
introductor of ambassadors and ayd of ceremonies. 
Evelyn, Memoirs, Paris, Sept. 16, 1851. 
introductorily (in-tro-duk'to-ri-li), adv. By 
way of introduction. Baxter. 
introductory (in-tro-duk'to-ri), a. and n. [< 
ME. iittroductorie =' Sp. (ob's.) introductory = 
It. introduttorio, < LL. introductorius, < introduc- 
tor: see introductor.} I. a. Serving to intro- 
duce something; prefatory; preliminary: as, 
introductory remarks. 
This introductory discourse Itself Is to be but an essay, 
not a. book. Boyle, Works, I. 303. 
= Syn. Preparatory, etc. (see preliminary) ; precursory, 
proemial. 
Il.t .; pi. introdiictories (-riz). An introduc- 
tion ; a treatise giving the elements or simplest 
parts of a subject. 
The 5 partie shal ben an introductorie aftur the statutz 
of owre doctours, in which thow maist lerne a gret part of 
the general rewles of theorik in astrologie. 
Chaucer, Prologue to Astrolabe. 
introductress (iu-tro-duk'tres), . [= F. intro- 
ductrice = It. introduttrice ; as introductor + 
-ess.] A female introducer. 
introflcction, introflexion (in-tro-flek'shon), n. 
[< L. intro, within, + flexio(n-), a bending: see 
flexion. ] A bending inward or within ; inward 
curvature or flexure. 
Small, spherical chambers, formed by the introflexion of 
the walls of the receptacle. 
W. H. Harvey, British Marine Algse, p. 12. 
introflexed (in-tro-flekst'), a. [< L. intro, with- 
in, + .flexus, bent : see flexed.'] Flexed or bent 
inward or within. 
introflexion, >*. See introflection. 
introgression (in-tro-gresh'on), n. [< L. as if 
*i>ttrogrcssio(n-), < introgrcdi, pp. introgressus, 
go in, enter, < intro, within, + gradi, go: see 
grade^. ] The act of going in or of proceeding 
inward ; entrance. Blount. 
introit (in-tro'it), n. [= F. intro'it = Pr. introit 
= Sp. introito = Pg. It. introito, < L. introitus, 
& going in, entrance, < introire, go in, enter, < 
intro, within, + ire, go: see iter 1 .] In litur- 
gies, an antiphon sung by the priest and choir 
as the priest approaches the altar to celebrate 
the mass or communion. The name introit (introi- 
tus, literally 'entrance') is an abridgmentof antiphon at the 
introit (antiphona ad introitum), and has been explained as 
referring to the entrance of the people into church rather 
than that of the priest into the sanctuary. The introit 
seems to have originated in the psalms sung at the begin- 
ning of the .fewUli liturgy. The name antiphon has been 
triven by preeminenceto the introit, as in the Greek Church, 
where it is threefold, answering to the Western introibo, 
introit, and Gloria in Excelsis. The Oreek antlphons con- 
sist of verses from the Tsalms with a constant response, or 
of the psalms called Ti/inca and the Beatitudes. In the 
liturgies of St. Mark and St. James the hymn "Only-be- 
gotten Son" is the introit, in the Armenian liturgy this 
followed by a psalm ami hymn. The " (Inly-begotten Son " 
is also subjoined to the Greek second antiphon. The 
Roman introit (see initiatory) consists of a verse (the in- 
troit in the narrower sense), followed by averse of n psalm, 
the Gloria hitri, and the repetition of the first verse. In 
the Ambrosian rite the introit is called the ingresao. An 
3165 
ancient Galilean name for It was the proleijere. In the 
Mozniabic liturgy, in certain monaslie rites, and in Nor- 
man and Knglisli missals, it is called the nfficiuiit or office. 
I'salms as special introits are appointed in the Prayer- 
book of 1549 and in the Conjuror's communion office of 
1718. In the Anglican Church at the present day a ps:ilm 
or anthem is sung as the introit. The name is sometimes 
less properly used for a hymn or any musical oompoeitloa 
sung or played at the beginning of the communion niho . 
Then shall the Clerkes syng in Englishcfor theottiee, m 
Intruite (as they call it), a Psaline appointed for that dale. 
First 1'rayer Bonk of Edw. VI. (154), The Communion. 
intromission (in-tro-mish'on), n. [= F. intro- 
mission = Pr. intromiasio == It. intromessione, < 
ML. intromissio(n-), < L. tntromittere, pp. in- 
tromissus, send in: see iutromit,] 1. The act 
of sending or putting in; insertion, as of one 
body within another; introduction within. 
The evasion of a tragic end by the invention and intro 
murion of Mariana has . . . received high praise for Its in- 
genuity. Swinburne, Shakespeare, p. 204. 
2. The act of taking in or admitting ; admission 
within. 
Repentance is the flrst intromission into the sanctities of 
Christian religion. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 86. 
A general intromission of all sorts, sects, and persuasions 
into our communion. South, Works, II. xii. 
3. In Scots and old Eng. law, an interfering with 
the effects of another. The assuming of the posses- 
sion and management of property belonging to another 
without authority is called vicious intromission. The term 
is also applied to the ordinary transactions of an agent or 
subordinate with the money of his superior : as, to give 
security for one's intromissions. 
intromit (in-tro-mif), r. ; pret. and pp. intro- 
mitted, ppr. intromitting. [< L. tntromittere, 
send in, < intro, within, + mittere, send: see 
mission.'] I. trans. 1. To sender put in; in- 
sert or introduce within. 2. To allowto enter; 
be the medium by which a thing enters. 
Glass in the window intromits light, without cold, to 
those in the room. Holder. 
H. intrans. In Scots and old Eng. law, to in- 
terfere with the effects of another. 
In any citie, borough, towne incorporate, or other place 
franchised or priuiledged, where the said officer or officers 
may not lawfully intromit or intermeddle. 
Charter of Philip and Mary, in Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 271. 
We intromitUd, as Scotch law phrases it, with many fam- 
ily affairs. De <iuincey. 
intromittent (in-tro-mit'ent), a. [< L. intro- 
mitten(t-)s, ppr. of ' intromittere, intromit: see 
intromit.'] Throwing or conveying into or with- 
in something: as, an intromittent instrument. 
Intromittent organ, in comparative anat., that part of 
the male sexual apparatus which conveys the seminal fluid 
into the body of the female. It may be directly connected 
with the testes, or constitute a separate seminal reservoir 
on some other part of the body, as on the pedipalps of a 
mole spider, or the second abdominal ring of a dragon-fly. 
intromitter (in-tro-mit'er), n. One who intro- 
niits ; an intermeddler. 
Sacrilegious intromittert with royal property. 
Scott, Woodstock, Pref. 
intropression (in-tro-presh'on), n. [< L. intro, 
within, + i>ressio(n-), a pressing, < premere, pp. 
pressus, press: see press*.] Pressure acting 
within or inwardly; inward or internal pres- 
sure. Battie, Madness, x. [Rare.] 
introreception (in'tro-re-sep'shon), n. [< L. 
intro, within, + recepiio(n-), reception: see re- 
ception.] The act of receiving or admitting 
into or within something. [Rare.] 
Were but the love of Christ to us ever suffered to come 
into our hearts (as species to the eye by introreception), . . . 
what would we not do to recompence . . . that love? 
Hammond, Works, IV. 564. 
introrse (in-trdrs'), [< L- intromus, intror- 
sum, adv., toward the inside, 
contr. of introversiis,(. intro, with- 
in, + versus, turned, pp. of ver- 
<cre,turn : see verse. Cf. extrorsc.] 
Turned or facing inward: an epi- 
thet used in describing the direc- 
tion of bodies, to denote their 
being turned toward the axis to 
which they appertain. In botany 
it is applied to anthers when their 
valves are turned toward the 
Style. 
introrsely (in-trdrs'li), adv. To hn 
or toward the interior in position rai envelops and 
or direction. 
introspect (in-tro-spekf), [< 
L. introspeetare, freq. of introspicere, pp. intro- 
spectus, look into, < intro, within, + spicere, 
look.] I. trans. To look into or within ; view 
the inside of. 
II. in trans. To practise introspection; look 
inward ; consider one's own internal state or 
feelings. 
all but four of the 
stamens removed. 
introversion 
We cannot cogitate without examining consciousness, 
and when we do this we introspect. 
Pop. Sci. Mo., XXV. 257. 
introspection (in-tro-spek'shon), u. [< L. as 
if "introx/H rlin(n-), a looking into, < intronpi- 
i-i i'< , ].p. ii/lriK/ifctus, look into: see introspect.] 
The act of looking inward ; a view of the inside 
or interior; specifically, the act of directly ob- 
serving the states and processes of one's own 
mind; examination of one's own thoughtN nr 
feelings. Introspection is employed In psychology as 
the only method of directly ascertaining the facts of con- 
sciousness ; but the limits of its applicability and the value 
of the results attained by it are subjects of dispute. 
I was forced to make an intrutpectivn Into mine own 
mind, and into that Idea of beauty which I have formed hi 
my own imagination. 
Quoted in Dryden's Parallel of Poetry and Painting. 
This mutual exclusiveness receives a further explana- 
tion from the fact so often used to discredit psychology, 
viz. that the so-called introspection and indeed all reflexion 
are really retrospective. J. Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 84. 
Introspection of our intellectual operations is not the 
best of means for preserving us from intellectual hesita- 
tions. J. U. Newman, Gram, of Assent, p. 2UK. 
The curious, critical introspection which marks every 
sensitive and refined nature, and paralyzes action. 
0. IF. Curtis, Int. to Cecil Dreeme. 
introspectionist (in-tro-spek'shon-ist), n. [< 
introspection + -ist.] One who practises intro- 
spection; one who follows the introspective 
method in psychological inquiry. 
As a rule, skeptics . . . are keen introspectionists. 
J. Owen, Evenings with Skeptics, L 812. 
Little will they weigh with the inlronpectiimint. 
Maudsley, Body and Will, p. 91. 
introspective (in-tro-spek'tiv), a. [< introspect 
+ -ive.] Looking' within ; characterized or 
effected by introspection ; studying or exhibit- 
ing one's own consciousness or internal state. 
Most introspective poetry . . . wearies us, because it so 
often Is the petty or morbid sentiment of natures little 
superior to our own. Stedman, Viet. Poets, p. 147. 
Introspective method, in psychol. , the method of study- 
ing mental phenomena by attempting to observe directly 
what occurs in one's own consciousness. This method, 
though indispensable, is exposed to many difficulties, and 
requires the support of other methods, as those of experi- 
mental and comparative psychology. 
He (Hume] further agrees with Descartes and all his 
predecessors in pursuing the simple introspective method : 
that is to say, in attempting to discover truth by simply 
contemplating his own mind. 
Leslie Stephen, Eng. Thought, 1. 30. 
introsumet (in-tro-sum'), o. t. [< L. intro, 
within, + sumere, take: see assume, consume, 
etc.] To take in ; absorb. 
How they elect, then introsume their proper food. 
Evelyn. 
introsumptiont (in-tro-sump'shon), n. [< tn- 
trosunic, after assumption < assume, etc.] The 
act of taking into or within; a taking in, espe- 
cially of nourishment. 
introsusception (in*tro-su-sep'shon), n. [< L. 
intro, within, + susceptio(n-), a taking up or 
in, < susciperc, pp. susceptus, take up or in : see 
susceptible.] 1. The act of receiving within. 
The parts of the body . . . are nourished by the intro- 
susception of ... aliment. 
J. Smith, Portrait of Old Age, p. 160. 
The person is corrupted by the introgusception of a na- 
ture which becomes evil thereby. Coleridge. 
2. In anat. and hot., same as intussusception. 
introvenient (in-tro-ve'nient), a. [< LL. intro- 
venien(t-)s, pp. of introeenire, come in, enter, 
< L. intro, within, + venire, come : see come.] 
Coming in or between ; entering. [Rare.] 
There being scarce any condition (but what depends 
upon clime) which is not exhausted or obscured from the 
commixture of introvenient nations either by commerce 
or conquest. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., Iv. 10. 
introvenium (in-tro-ve'ni-um), n. [NL., < L. 
intro, within, + veiia, vein: see vein.] In bot., 
a condition in which the veins of leaves are so 
buried in the parenchyma as to be only indis- 
tinctly or not at all visible from the surface. 
See nermtion, liyphodrome. 
introversibility (in-tro-ver-si-bil'i-ti), n. [< 
introversible + -ify: see -bility.] The quality 
of being introversible; capacity for introver- 
sion. 
The telescopic introverribility of the lophophore does 
not advance beyond an initial stage. 
E. R. Lanlcester, Encyc. Brit, XIX. 439. 
introversible (in-tro-ver'si-bl), a. [< intro- + 
rersible.] Capable of being introverted. 
The anterior introversible region [of Paludici-Ua]. 
B. B. Lanlcester, Encyc. Brit., XIX. 4S2. 
introversion (in-tro-ver'shon), H. [= Sp. iw- 
troversion = Pg. introvers3o = It. introversione, 
< L. intro, within, + versio(n-), a turning: see 
