investiture 
3173 
of ib jiofition. ! hi 
,'. mrrii- 
the empei 
investiture on condition that the election to the ottice 
be held before him or his representative. A similar com- 
promise hail IM en niaile in lll'7 between llemy I. of Eng- 
land and I'ope 1'ascal II. The kings of Krance contin- 
ued the contest, and at length secured the right of con- 
ferring sepaialc investiture by means of a written Instru- 
ment. At present, in Roman Catholic countries where the 
church is supjHirled by the state, special agreements, or 
concordat-, irovern inveKtiture ; in nearly all these coun- 
triottbeoooWDtol both tbo Pop* and Uwctrtl authorities 
is ncc<-^ar\ i, "tore Investiture. Feudal Investiture, 
the public delivery of the land by the lord to the tenant, 
which under the feudal system created the estate ill fee 
in the tenant, and the obligation of military or other feudal 
ser\iie in return. See .fealty. Investiture ring, the 
ring used in the Installation of a pope. 
investive (In-vea'tiv), a. [< invest + 
Investing; clothing; encircling. 
dispute between clinrctl and ftate inveterate ( ill-vet V-rsjt), II. 
the verb.] If. Old; long established." 
It is an inveterate and received opinion. 
/:....,. Nat. Hist 
2. Firmly established by long continuance: 
deep-rooted; obstinate: generally, though not 
;i I ways, in a derogatory sense : as, an inveterate 
ili-eitso; an invctii'nti enemy. 
The sins he la to mortify are inveterate, habitual, and 
continued, having had the growth ami stability of a whole 
life. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), L 187. 
Friends to congratulate their friends made haste ; 
And long inveterate friends saluted as they pasted. 
Dryden. Threnodia Angustalls, I. 127. 
Some gentlemen have :,n;i. mi, prejudices against any 
attempts to Increase the powers of congress. 
Monroe, in Bancroft's Hist. Const., I. 445. 
3. Confirmed in any habit ; having habits fixed 
by long continuance: applied to persons: as, 
an inveterate smoker. 
Certain It Is that Tlbullns was not inveterate in his pre- 
judices against a social glass. D. G. Mitchell, Wet Pays. 
The horrid Hie. all mercilesse, did choke 
The scorched wretches with investive smoke. 
Mir. fur Hays., p. 829. 
investment (in-vost'ment), n. [= It. investi- 
mento, < ML. investinirntum, < L. investire, in- 
vest: see invent.] 1. That with which a per- 4f. Malignant; virulent; showingobstinatepre- 
eon or thing is invested or covered; clothing; judice. 
Would to Ood we could at last learn this Wisdom from 
our enemies, not to widen our own differences by inveter- 
ate heats, bitterness and animosities among our selves. 
Staling fleet, Sermons, II. L 
Thy most inveterate soul, 
That looks through the foul prison of thy body. 
BanJrt. 
. , =Syn. 2. Keep seated, chronic. 3. Habitual, hardened. 
2. The act of investing, or the state of being in- inveterately (in-vet'e-rat-li), adv. In an in- 
vested, as with a right, office, or attribute ; en- .vet orate manner; with obstinacy, 
j i. = ^_._ inveterateness (in-vet'e-rat-nes), n. Invete- 
vestment; covering. 
You, lord archbishop, . . . 
Whose white investments figure Innocence. 
SAot., 2 Hen. IV., iv. 1, 45. 
Such separable investment* (shells and cysts] are formed 
by the cell-bodies of many iVotozoa, a phenomenon not 
exhibited by tissue-cells. 
E. R. Lankfster, Encyc. Brit., XIX. 8S4. 
racy. 
As time hath rendred him more perfect in the art, so 
hath the invfteratenegse of his malice more ready In the 
execution. Sir T. Brmcne, Vulg. Err., vti. 12. 
dowment; investiture. 
What were all his most rightful honours but the people's 
gift, the iiir.-'iiii.-ni of that lustre, majesty, and honour 
. . . which redounds from a whole nation into one person? 
Miltnn, Eikouoklastes. 
3. A surrounding or hemming in; blockade of inveteration (in-vet-e-ra'shon), n. [< L. inve- 
the avenues of ingress and egress, as for the teratio(n-), < inveterare, keep for a long time : 
besieging of a town or fortress; inclosure by see inveterate.] A growing into use by long 
armed force or other obstruction. custom. Bailey. 
I now had my three corps up to the works built for the inVOXed (iu-veksf). a. [< ML. invexus, equiv. 
defence of Vlcksburg, on three roads one to the north, to L. conrexus, arched (see ciin- 
one to the east, and one to the south-east of the city. By 
the morning of the 19th the investment was as complete as 
my limited number of troops would allow. 
U. S. Grant, 1'ersonal Memoirs, I. 629. 
4. An investing of money or capital ; expen- 
rex), + -e<ft.] In her., arched or 
shaped in a curve: especially 
applied to a bearing which is so 
shaped on one side only, the 
diture for profit or future benefit; a placing or curve being concave or toward 
conversion of capital in a way intended to se- the bearing. 
cure income or profit from its employment: as, "ITiCtt (in-vrkt ), a. [< L. invic- A 
an investment in active business, or in stocks, <*,unconquered,< n-priv.+ vic- 
A chief ...vexed. 
, 
land, or the like; to make safe investment of 
one's principal. 5. That which is invested; 
money or capital laid out for the purpose of 
producing profit or benefit. 
*"*> PP- of ^ncere, conquer: see victor.] Un- 
conquered. 
Who weens to vanquish Him, makes Him im**. 
Sylvater ' tr " of P ' Mathieu " Tr P hle " of 1Ien - tl [f <* l . 
A certain portion of the revenues of Bengali has been, inviptedt C in-vik'tedt n K L iuKirtus iiiicnn 
for many years, set apart to be employed in the purchase mV1C , K JW "' J-} L> --"' 1 t **' UI 
of goods for exportation to England, and this is called the VWO ( see mvict), + -ert^.J 
investment. Burke, Affairs ot India. 
6. That in which money is laid out or invested : 
as, land is the safest investment. 
investor (in-ves'tor), . [< invest + -or.] One 
who invests or makes an investment, 
investuret (in-ves'tur), n. [< invest + -ure. 
Cf. inttKtiture and" vesture.] Investiture; in- 
vestment. 
They (the kings of England] exercised this authority both 
over the clergy and laity, and did at first erect blshopricks, 
[and] grant inrrstures in them. 
Bp. Burnet, Hist Reformation, an. 1581. 
investuret (in-ves'tur), v. t. [< investure, n.] 
1. To clothe. 
Our monks inveetured In their copes. Fuller. 
2. To put into possession, as of an office. 
He ... hath already imiestured hym in the dukedome 
of Prussia. Atcham, Kep. of Affairs of Uermany. 
inveteracy (in-vet'e-ra-si), . [< inretera(tc) 
+ -cy.] The state of being inveterate; long 
continuance; firmness or deep-rooted persis- 
tence. 
The inveteracy of the people's prejudices compelled their 
rulers to make use of all means for reducing tnem. 
Atldimn. 
The wicked, besides the long list of debts already con- 
tracted, carries with him an inveteracy of evil habits that 
will prompt him to contract more. 
A. Tuelter, Light of Nature, II. xxix. 
inveteratet (in-vet'e-rat), v. t. [< L. inretera- 
/<.-. pp. of i ii rcterarc C> It. inreterare = Sp. Pg. 
(rell.) iiin-trnir = V. iiirrterer), keep for a long 
time, in pass, become old.< in, in, + refits (ve- 
Unconquered. 
A more noble worthy, whose sublime 
Invicted spirit in most hard assays 
Still added reverent statues to his days. 
Ford, Fame's Memorial. 
invidious (in-vid'i-us), a. [< L. inridiosux, en- 
vious, < invidia, envy: see envy. Cf. envious, a 
doublet of invidious.] If. Envious ; causing 
or arising from envy. 
The chymisl there 
May with astonishment innMtmu view 
His toils outdone by each plebeian bee. 
C. Smart, Omniscience of the Supreme Being. 
2f. Enviable; desirable. 
Such a person appeareth In a far more honourable and 
invidious state than any prosperous person. Barrmr 
3. Prompted by or expressing or adapted to 
excite e.nvious dislike or ill will; offensively 
or unfairly discriminating: as, invidious dis- 
tinctions or comparisons. 
What needs, monarch, this inridwvg praise, 
Ourselves to lessen, while our sires yon raise? 
Pope, Iliad, iv. 466. 
As the gentleman has made an apology for his style, . . . 
we shall not take upon us the invidunu task of selecting 
Its fault -. Goldsmith, Criticisms. 
Hence 4f. Hateful; odious; detestable. 
He rose, and took th' advantage of the times, 
To load young Turnus with invidima crimes. 
Dryden, .neld, xi. 
=Syn, 3. Invidvw, Ofenrive. lnvidiini, having lost 1U 
subjective sense of envious, now means producing or likely 
to produce ill feeling because bringing persons or their 
belongings into contrast with others in an unjust or morti- 
Mngwiy: as, an invidimut comparison or distinction. The 
ill feeling thus produced would be not envy, hut resent- 
invincibly 
If love of case surmounted our desire of knowledge, the 
offence has not the inridiinanea of singularity. 
Johiuun, Jour, to Western Isles. 
invigilance, invieilancy(iii-vij'i-l:ins. -hin-si), 
n. Ijack of vigilance ; neglect of WBteUng. 
[Hare.] 
invigilate* (in-vij'i-lat), r. >. [< L. iov/.7. 
tun, pp. of inviijilare, watch diligently, be very 
watchful, < in- intensive + rii/iltire, watch : *e 
i-ii/i/ant.] To watch diligently. Hiulu/. 
invigilation (in-vij-i-la'snon), n. [< invigilate 
+ -o.] The act of watching ; watchfulness. 
It Is certain that no scientific conviction that life was In 
danger would probably . . . draw forth the same tender- 
ness of inviiiilaliiin for the patient, or force upon him the 
same degree of self -watchfulness and compliance, as are 
secured by the constant presence or apprehension of pain. 
BMiotheca Sacra, XLV. 21. 
invigor, invigour (in-vig'or), v. t. [< OF. en- 
vigorer, enviyourer (= It. invigorire), render vig- 
orous, strengthen, < L. in, in, + vigor, strength : 
see vigor.] To invigorate; animate; encou- 
rage. [Poetical.] 
What pomp of words, what nameless energy, 
Kindles the verse, inviituurs every line ! 
W. Thompson, On Pope's Works. 
To inriifour order, justice, law, ami rule. 
Lhright, The Country Pastor. 
invigorate (in-vig'or-at), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
invigorated, npr. invigorating. [As invigor + 
-ate*.] To give vigor to; give life and energy 
to; strengthen; animate. 
This polarity from refrigeration upon extremity and in 
defect of a load-stone might serve to inri<jrnte and touch 
a needle any where. Sir T. Brmcne, Vulg. Err., 11. 2. 
Would age In thee resign his wintry reign, 
And youth inriyorate that frame again. 
Coicper, Hope, 1. 34. 
invigoration (in-vig-o-ra'shon), n. [= F. iw- 
rif/oratioii ; < invigorate + -ion.] The act of in- 
vigorating, or the state of being invigorated. 
I find in myself an appetitive faculty which is always 
in the very height of activity and imiyoraXon. Norru. 
invigour. r. t. See invigor. 
invilet (m-vil'), v. t. [< OF. "enviler, envillcr 
= It. invilire, < ML. inrilare, inviliare, render 
vile (cf. LL. invilittire, account vile), < L. in, in, 
+ tills, vile : see rile.] To render vile. 
It did so much invite the estimate 
Of th' open'd and invulgar'd mysteries, 
Which, now reduc'd unto the basest rate, 
Must wait upon the Norman subtleties. 
Daniel, Musophilus. 
invillaged (in-vil'fijd), . [< -2 + village + 
-ff/ 2 .] Transformed into a village. 
There on a goodly plain (hy time thrown downe) 
Lies buried in his dust some aunclent towne ; 
Who now invillayed, there's only scene 
In his vast ruincs what his state has beene. 
W. Browne, Britannia's Pastorals, L 3. 
invinatet (in-vi'nat), . [< L. in, in, -I- tinum, 
wine, + -fttf 1 .] Embodied in wine. 
Christ should be Impanate and invinatf. 
Cranmer, Works, I. SOS. 
invincibility (in-vin-si-bil'i-ti), H. [< inrinci- 
ble: see -bifity.] The quality of being invinci- 
ble; invincibleness ; unconquerableness. 
Sarah thinks the British arc never beaten, while I do 
not put so much faith in their invincibility. 
J. F. Cooper, The Spy, i. 
invincible (in-vin'si-bl), a. [< F. invincible = 
Sp. invencilile = Pg. invenrivel = It. invincibile, 
< L. invincilnlis, < in- priv. + rincibilis, conquer- 
able: see vincible.] Incapable of being con- 
quered or subdued ; that cannot be overcome ; 
unconquerable; insuperable: as, an invincible 
army ; invincible difficulties. 
And the Romans themselves at this time acknowledg'd 
they ne're saw a people of a more innnrible spirit and 
less afraid of dying than these Mews) were. 
StVlingfleet, sermons, I. vill. 
Yorick had an invincible dislike and opposition in his 
nature to gravity. Sterne, Tristram Shandy, L 11. 
It was granted the dangers were great, but not desper- 
ate ; the difficulties were many, but not invincible. 
W. Bradford, In Tyler's Amer. Lit, L 120. 
[Some commentators and editors have been of the opinion 
that this word Is used by Jonson. shakspere, Marlowe, and 
others as meaning i iirinWc. but the Instances on which the 
opinion was formed are somewhat doubtful. 
His dimensions to any thick sight were inn'nrilile. 
Shot., > Hen. IV., Ill 2, SS7.] 
The Spanish or Invincible Armada. See armada, 1. 
r~r' ",V~- - "".- "'. ". ' ' \- ill feeling thus produced would be not envy but resent- iavincibleness (in-vin'si-bl-nes), n. The qual- 
trr-), old: see veteran.] To make inveterate; ment, on account of wounded pride. 0/rntive is a general ">" of '"'"'K invincible ; unconquerableness; in- 
render chronic : establish by force of habit. 
Keeling the piercing torments of broken limbs, and in 
veteraM wounds. Capt. Julm Xmttli. True Travels, I. 23. 
Temptations, which have all their force and prevalence . ""* Inanilor - 
from lonj; -nstoni an, I inretsralnl habit. inVmiOUSnesS (in-vill 1-US-lies), n. The char- 
y, Sermons, i. acter of being invidious ; offengiveness. 
. 
word, covering inndimis and all other words characteriz- 
\ n 1 T 
-ll), ddr. In an mvidl- 
Against the innnciblenem of general custom (for the 
most part) men strive in faith. 
Bp. WiMnt, Real Character, L 5. 
invincibly (in-vin'si-bli), <?r. In an invincible 
manner; unconquerably; insuperably. 
