Ionic 
probably bad no conception of such. Ionic school of 
painting, i 1 1 the history of ancient (ireck art, an important 
school of painters in thu latter part of the tlfth and the 
early part <f the fourth ceutury H. c. : so called as tlintiii 
guishcd from the Attic and Sicyonian schools. Its greatest 
masters were Zcuxis and 1'arrhasius. 
II. n. In pros.: (a) Au loiuc foot. ('<) Au 
Ionic verse or meter. 
lonicize (i-on'i-slz), u. t. ; pret. and pp. loni- 
ci:cil, ]j|ir. liiuii-i-ini/. [< Ionic + -ize.] To 
make ionic; confer an Ionic form upon. 
He essays to dissect out a primitive Aeollc core, after- 
ward tonicized, and enlarged by interpolations and accre- 
tions. New Princeton Ken., V. 412. 
lonidium (i-y-nid'i-um), n. [NL., irreg. < Or. 
lov, a violet, + dim. suffix -iomv.~\ A genus 
of plants of the natural order Violarieif, tribe 
I'iii/ete, characterized by the sepals not being 
extended at the base, and by the five unequal 
petals, one of which is much larger than the rest. 
They are herbs, or rarely shrubs, with alternate or some- 
times opposite leaves and generally solitary axillary or ra- 
cemed (lowers. About 50 species are known, of which 4 are 
found in tropical Asia and Africa, I! in Australia, and the 
rest iu America, chiefly tropical. The roots of several of 
the species contain an emetic, and have been used as a 
substitute for ipecacuanha. /. jiarvijlorum and /. Papaya 
are so used by the South Americans. The so-called white 
ipecacuanha is 7. Ipecacuanha. I.concolor(Soleaconcolfrr), 
the trreen violet, Is a comiuou plant of the eastern United 
States. 
lonism (i'o-nizm), n. [< Or. as if "luvtau&f, < 
lui'/Cf", speak in Ionic fashion: see Ionize.] 
An Ionic idiom ; the use of Ionic idioms or dia- 
lect. Amer. Jour. Philol., VII. 205. 
lonist (i'o-nist), n. [< Ion(ize) + -ist.] One 
who uses 'Ionic idioms or dialect. Amer. Jour. 
Philol., VII. 209. 
ionite (i'o-nit), . [< lone (see def.) + -<e2.] 
A mineral resin found in lone valley, Amador 
county, California. 
Ionize (i'o-niz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. Ionized, ppr. 
/ /--I'M;/. [< Gr. tuvit,civ, speak in Ionic fash- 
ion, < 'lovff, lonians : see Ionic.} To lonicize. 
Amer. Jour. Philol., VII. 234. 
lonornis (i-o-n6r'nis), . [NL., irreg. < Gr. 
lov, violet (implying purple), + opvtc., a bird.] 
A notable genus of ralliform birds, the Ameri- 
can sultans, hyacinths, or porphyry gallinules, 
family Rallidce and subfamily Gallinulinte, con- 
taining such species as the purple gallinule of 
the United States and warmer parts of Amer- 
ica, /. martinica. Reichenbach, 1853. 
iopterous (i-op'te-rus), a. [< Gr. lov, a violet, 
+ irrep6v, a feath'er.] Having wings of a vio- 
let color, as an insect. 
iota (!-6'tft), n. [< L. iota, < Gr. lara, < Pheni- 
cian (Heb.) yodh. In earlier E. use with ex- 
tended meaning as jot : see.;'o< J .] 1. The name 
of the Greek letter 1, /, corresponding to the 
Latin and English I, i. In the latter form i, and the 
Hebrew form 1 the letter was the smallest of the alpha- 
bet. When following a long vowel (as part of a diphthong), 
in Oreek as now written, it is placed under the vowel to 
which it is attached, being then called iuta subscript, as 
in ..... .. . 
2. A very small quantity; a tittle; a jot. 
Yon will have the goodness then to pat no stuffing of 
any description in my coat ; you will not pinch me an iota 
tighter across the waist than Is natural to that part of my 
body. Bulwer, Pelnam, xllv. 
iotacism (i-6'ta-sizm), n. [< L. iotacismu#, < 
Gr. iuramo/tof, too much use of iota, repetition 
of iota, < Jura, iota: see iota.'] Conversion of 
other vowel sounds into that of iota (English 
e) ; specifically, in pronunciation of Greek, the 
practice of giving the sound of iota (<) also to 
the vowels t) and v, and to the diphthongs a, y, 
01, and vt indiscriminately. This is the rule in 
modern Greek. Also called itacism. Opposed 
to etacism. Compare lambdacism, rhotacism. 
Unquestionably the most characteristic feature of the 
present pronunciation is Its iotacinn. 
J. lladley, Essays, p. 139. 
iotacist (I-o'ta-sist), n. [< iotac(wn) + -<.] 
One who advocates the system of Greek pro- 
nunciation called iotacism. 
ioterium ;i-6-te'ri-um), n. ; pi. ioteria (-a). 
[XL., < Gr. t6f, poison, + rcptu, pierce.] In en- 
t"ni., a poison-gland, as that at the base of the 
sting in a hymenopterous insect, or at the base 
of the chelicera in a spider. See cut under rhrli- 
ccm. 
I U (i' 6' u'), n. [So called from the letters 
/ O U (standing for / owe yon) used in the ac- 
knowledgment.] A memorandum or acknow- 
ledgment of debt less formal than a promissory 
note, and in England sometimes containingonly 
these letters, with the sum owed and the sig- 
nature of the debtor. It is not a promisxiry 
note, because no direct promise to pay is ex- 
pressed. 
3170 
Hee teacheth ml fellowes play tricks with their creditors, 
who Instead of payments write / O V, and so scotfe many 
an honest man out of his goods. 
Breton, Courtier and Countryman, p. '.'. 
Mr. Mlcawber placed hia 7. 0. U. In the hands of Trad- 
dies. . . . I am persuaded that this was quite the same to 
Mr. Micawber as paying the money. 
IMckent, David Copperfleld, xuvL 
-ious. A termination consisting of the suffix -.. 
with a preceding original or euphonic vowel i. 
It formerly alternated with -eons. See -eons 
and -o. 
lowan (i'o-wan), a. and . I. . Of or pertain- 
ing to Iowa, a State of the United States lying 
west of the Mississippi. 
II. n. An inhabitant of Iowa. 
ipecac (ip'e-kak),n. [An abbr. of ipecacuanha.] 
same as ipecacuanha. American Ipecac, an herb of 
the genus Oillenia. Indian Ipecac, the root of a twin- 
ing, shrubby, asclepiadaceous plant, Tylophora attthinatica, 
used in India as a substitute for ipecacuanha. 
ipecacuanha (ip-e-kak-u-an'ji), n. [< Pg. ipe- 
cacuanha (== Sp. ipecacuami), < Braz. (as usu- 
ally given) ipecaaguen, the native name of the 
plant, said to mean 'smaller roadside sick- 
making plant.'] The dried root of Cephaelis 
Ipecacuanha, a small shrubby plant, a native of 
Brazil, the United States of Colombia, and oth- 
er parts of South America. There are three varie- 
ties, the brown, red, and gray, all products of the same 
plant, and their differences are due to little more than 
age, place of growth, or mode of drying. The root IB hard, 
and breaks short and granular (not lilimus), exhibiting a 
resinous, waxy, orfarinaceous interior, white or grayish. It 
is emetic, purgative, and diaphoretic, and is much used In 
medicine, in large doses (1.5 grams) as an emetic, iu smaller 
doses as a depressant and nauseant, in still smaller doses 
as a diaphoretic, and in the smallest as a stimulant to the 
tomach to check vomiting and produce appetite. Its 
physiological effects seem to depend on the presence of the 
alkaloid emetin. The root of Cephaelis Ipecacuanha is the 
only thing recognized as ipecac by the British or the United 
States Pharmacopoeia^ but the name has been applied to 
various other plant* with emetic properties, as to the root of 
Psychotria emctiea, also called Peruvian, striated, or Mack 
ipecacuanha, said to contain emetin ; also to the roots of 
various species of Itichardsonia, called white, amylaceous, 
or undttlated ipecacuanha. The name American ipecacu- 
anha or ipecacuanha sponge is given to Euphorbia Ipecacu- 
anha. Oillenia is also called American ipecac. See cut 
under Cephaelis. 
Iphidea (i-fid'e-U). . [NL., appar. as Iphis 
(Iphid-) + -ea.~\ 1. A genus of chrysomelid 
beetles. Baly, 1865. 2. A genus of brachio- 
pods. Billings, 1874. 
Iphigenia (ifi-je-ni'a), . [NL., < L. Iphige- 
nia, (. Gr. '\$tyeveta, in legend, daughter of Aga- 
memnon.] 1. A genus of bivalve mollusks 
of the family Donacid<e, comprising Iphigenia 
brasiliensis and related species. Schumacher, 
1817. 2. A subgenus of Clausilia. Gray, 1821. 
Iphiona (if-i-6'na), n. [NL. (Cassini, 1817), per- 
haps irreg. < Gri ' l$wv, a kind of herb.] A ge- 
nus of composite plants, type of Schultz's di- 
vision Iphionea; of the Euconyzew, now referred 
to the tribe Inuloidea; subtribe Euinulece, and 
by some regarded as a section of the genus 
Inula, to which the elecampane belongs, but 
from which it differs by its somewhat double 
pappus, the outer consisting of short bristles. 
It embraces about 14 species, inhabiting the Levant, Ara- 
bia, central Asia, tropical and South Africa, and the Mas- 
carene islands. 
Iphioneae (if-i-6'ne-e), . pi. [NL. (C. H. 
Schultz, 1843), < Iphiona + -ece.~\ A division 
of the ComposiUc, typified by the genus Iphiona, 
now embraced in the tribe Inuloidea; (which 
see). 
Iphis (i'fis), . [NL., < L. Iphis, < Gr. 'I^ f 
('l(t>'-, '!*'<!-), a masc. and fern, name.] 1. A 
genus of brachyurous crustaceans of the family 
Leucosiida-. W. E. Leach, 1817. 2. A genus of 
click-beetles or elaterids, having several large 
Madagascau species. Laporte, 1836. 
Iphisa (if 'i-sa), . [NL. (Gray, 1851) ; cf. Iphis.} 
A genus of lizards constituting the family 
Iphisida;, I. elegant is a species inhabiting northern 
Brazil and Guiana, of an olive-brown color marbled with 
ipse dizit 
black, the under parts yellowish white. The feet are small, 
with the inner finger clawlens ; the eyes are large. 
Iphisidae (i-fis'i-<le), n. pi. [NL., < Iphixa + 
-'".] A family of South American lizards, 
based by J. E. Gray upon the grims lplii.in. \' 
is now merged in the family K '</. 
Iphthimus (.if thi-mus), n. [NL., < Or. tytli/iof, 
strong, < <>', strongly, earlier *Fi<t>t, perhaps 
dat. of if, "PC = L. ris, strength, might: nee 
iiiiniiV, ri'/.] A genus of tenebrione oeetles, 
founded by Truqui in 1H37. /. opacui It a species 
about three fourths of an inch long, with coarsely punc- 
tured thorax and elytra. It IB found under bark. 
Ipinse (i-pi'ne), H. pi. [NL. (Erichson, 1843), 
v Ips + -in<e.] A subfamily of clavieorn bee- 
tles, of the family Xitidulida.', whose typical 
genus is Ips, mainly characterized by the pro- 
tuberance of the epistoma. 
ipocrast, . An obsolete form of hippocrax. 
ipocrisiet, ipocritet, Obsolete (Middle Eng- 
lish) forms of hypocrisy, hypocrite. 
Ipomaea (ip-o-me'a), . [NL., improp. Ipomcea 
(Linnseus), ^ Ips, a name given by Linnams to 
Convolrultu, bindweed (< Gr. ty, a worm: see 
Ips), + Gr. Aftoiof, like.] A genus of dicotyle- 
donous gamopetalous plants, of the natural 
order Convolrulacea:, tribe Convolvuleee, charac- 
terized by having a 2- to 4-celled ovary, which 
is 4-ovuled, or rarely 3-celled and 6-ovuled. 
The capsule is 2- to 4-valved, rarely with an operculum, 
or rupturing irregularly. The stems are prostrate or erect, 
herbaceous or woody and climbing, and the leaves alter- 
nate, usually entire. The corolla is hypocrateriform or 
campanulate and 5-lobed. About 400 species have been 
described, but according to Bentham and Hooker this num- 
ber should be reduced to 300 good species. They occur in 
the warm parts of the world. Tin- most important plant 
of the genus is the sweet potato, furnished by the roots 
of 7. Batatas, which is very extensively cultivated hi all 
Flowering Branch of Wild Potato- vine Upomaa fandttrata ). 
a, root ; t. fruit : r, seed. 
tropical countries. Jalap, a well known medicine, is ob- 
tained from the roots of /. purya, a native of Mexico. 
The he-lalap, male-jalap, or jalap-tops U /. Orizabentit, 
and 7. Turpethum is the Indian jalap. The wild potato 
of the West Indies is 7. /astiyiata, and 7. Pes-Caprtf 
Is the seaside potato of the East and West Indies. 7. 
Qvamnclit, the cypress-vine, Indian-pink, American red 
bell flower, or sweet-william of the Barbados, was origi- 
nally a native of tropical America, but Is now widely nat- 
uralized. 7. tiilifrum of the East and West Indies is the 
Spanish arbor-vine, Spanish woodbine, or seven-year vine. 
f. purpurea, a native of tropical America, is the common 
morning-glory of cultivation. 7. Ail is also cultivated for 
ornament. 7. pandurata of the eastern United States Is 
the wild potato-vine or man-of-the-earth, the media-meek 
of the North American Indians. 7. Qerrardi is the wild 
cotton of Natal. Also written Jpomea. 
ipotamet, ipotaynet, Middle English forms 
of IlipjIoUlllir. 
ippocrast, . An obsolete 
form of hippocras. 
Ips (ips), n. [NL. (Fabri- 
cius, 1776), < Gr. ty, 
worm that eats horn and 
wood; also one that eats 
vine-buds.] A genus of 
clavieorn beetles, of the 
family Xitidulidai, having 
the antennal club three- 
jointed, labrum connate 
with epistoma, anterior 
coxae open, and thorax 
uot margined at base. Tpt 
fasciatus Is a common United 
Ips fascia tnj. 
(Line shows natural size.) 
Ifkisa tltfatti. 
M;ilis species, shining-black with two pairs of yellow 
bands on the elytra. 7T jferrugineug is a European species. 
ipse dixit (ip'se dik'sit). [< L. ipsc dixit, he 
himself has said (so): ipse (OL. also ipgvx), he 
