-ive 
connections, <iih-<\ -itive (these bring also usable aft Eng- 
lish formativesX -five, rarely -etii-r. The associated noun 
is in -ivmtfja (acticeitaa, etc.) or -inly (activity, CM .). 
Iveae (i've-e), ti. i>l. [XL. (A. P. de Candollo, 
1836), < im + -ni.} A former tribe of com- 
posite plants, typified by the genus // , \vhi<-h 
IB now referred to the tribe Heliantlii/iilni . 
Also Ivan if. 
ivelt, 'I. and . A Middle English form of evil 1 . 
ivent, ' ( MK. ireti, yrcn, < AS. 
*/<</ (= MD. wrni. in a), a var. of iflij, ivy: see 
in/'. Cf. linllt'ii and /iiW/i/ 1 .] Ivy. 
ivert, . A Middle English form of irory 1 . 
ivied (i'vid), a. [Also ivyed; < ivy 1 + -etf*.] 
Covered with ivy ; overgrown with ivy. 
Upon an ivied stone 
Reclined his languid head. Shelley, Alastor. 
ivint, n. See wen. 
ivoried (I'vo-rid), a. [< ivory* + -*<J2.] 1. Col- 
ored and finished to resemble ivory: said of 
cardboard, wood, and other materials. 2. 
Furnished with teeth. [Rare.] 
My teeth demand a constant dentist, 
While he is ivoried like an elephant. Lowell. 
ivorlst (I'vo-rist), n. [< ivory 1 + -.<.] A work- 
er in ivory. 
Tho names of fnmoits Japanese ivorists of the eighteenth 
and the early part of the nineteenth century are household 
words among native connoisseurs and collectors. 
Uarper'iMag., LXXVI. 710. 
-ivorous. See -voroiu. 
ivory 1 (i'vo-ri), . and a. [Early mod. E. also 
ivoric; < ME. ivory, ivorie, yvory, yvorie, evorye, 
also ivore, yvore, ivoure, ivere, yvere, yver, evour, 
< OF. ii'itrie, "ivorie, later ivoire, F. ivoire = Pr. 
evori, arori, bori = It. avorio, avoro, < ML. ebo- 
reuin, ivory, prop. neut. of L. eboreus, of ivory, 
< ebur, ivory: see eburninc.'] I. n, ; pi. ivories 
(-riz). 1. The hard substance, not unlike bone, 
of which the teeth of most mammals chiefly 
consist; specifically, a kind of dentine valuable 
for industrial purposes, as that derived from 
the tusks of the elephant, hippopotamus, walrus, 
narwhal, and some other animals. Ivory is sim- 
ply dentine or tooth-siihstauco of exceptional hardness, 
toughness, and elasticity, due to the fineness and regulari- 
ty o? the dentinal tubules which radiate from the axial pulp- 
cavity to the periphery of the tooth. The most valuable 
ivory is that obtained from elephants' tusks, in which the 
tubules make many strong bends at regular intervals, re- 
sulting in a patteni peculiar to the proboscidean mam- 
mals. In ita natural stato the ivory of a tusk is coated 
with cement; and besides the fine angular radiating lines, 
it shows on cross-section a series of contour-lines concen- 
tric with the axis of the tooth, arranged al>out a central 
grayish spot which represents the calcined pulp. The 
appearance of these contour-lines is due to the regular 
arrangement of minute spaces called iHterylubular. Ivory 
in comparison with ordinary dentine is specially rich In 
organic matter, containing 40 per cent or more. Tusks 
of extinct mammoths, furnishing fossil ivory, have been 
found 12 feet long and of 200 pounds weight. Those of 
the African elephant, furnishing the best ivory, as well 
as by far the greater portion of the ivory used In the arts, 
sometimes reach a length of feet and a weight of ICO 
pounds. Those of the Indian elephant arc never so large 
as this ; and in either case tusks average much smaller, 
probably under 50 pounds. Elephants' tusks are incisors, 
but the large teeth of the hippopotamus nnd walrus which 
furnish ivory are canines. A substance which sometimes 
passes for ivory, but is really bone, is derived from the 
very hard or petrosid parts of the ear-bones of whales. 
Vpon a braunche of this pyne was hanged by a cheyne 
of siluer an home of yi'orie as white as snowe. 
Merlin (E. E. T. 8.), III. 606. 
With golde and itmire that so brighte schone, 
That alle al>outo the bewte men may se. 
Lydyate, Kawlinson MS., f. 34. (HaUiweU.) 
There is more difference between thy flesh and hers than 
between jet nnd ivory. Shale., M. of V., ill. 1, 42. 
2. An object made of ivory. 
Saints represented in Byzantine mosaics anil ivoriet. 
C. C. Perkint, Italian Sculpture, Ink, p. xlii. 
3. pi. Teeth. [Humorous.] 
The close-cropped bullet skull, the swarthy tint,thegrin- 
ninp ivories, the penthouse ears, and twinkling little eyes 
of the immortal governor of Barataria. 
G. A. Sola, Dutch Pictures, Shadow of a young Dutch 
(Fainter. 
Artificial Ivory, a compound of caoutchouc, sulphur, 
and some white material, such as gypsum, pipe-clay, or 
oxld of zinc. Brain ivory, the substance of the otolites 
or ear-stones of fishes. 8ee otoltif.. Fossil Ivory, Xee 
fossil. Green Ivory. See the extract. 
When first cut it [African ivory] is semi-transparent and 
of ,\ warm colour : in tliia state it is called green iron/, 
and as it dries it becomes much lighter in color and more 
opaque. Encyc. Brit., XIII. 522. 
Vegetable Ivory. See imry-nut. 
II. . Consisting or made of ivory; resem- 
bling ivory in color or texture: as, the gown 
was made of ieory satin. 
Then down she layd her ivory combe, 
And braided her hair in twain. 
Fair Margaret and Sieeet WUIiam(ChUA'i Ballads, II. 141). 
8306 
One do I personate of Lord Timon s frame. 
Whom Fortune with her ivory hand wafts to her. 
Win*., T. of A., I. 1, 70. 
Ivory barnacle, naianv* eimrnriu. Ivory gate. See 
gatel. Ivory lines or spaces, inr/i/'x/i., ]MliHlinl yellow- 
ish-white spaces resembling ivory found on rough punc- 
tured surfaces, as the elytra of many beetles. 
ivory- (i'vo-ri), . A dialectal form of ivy 1 , 
simulating ivory 1 . 
ivory :t (i'vo-ri), . [Xamed for James Ivory 
(1765-1842), who published a celebrated me- 
moir on the attractions of homogeneous ellip- 
soids in 1809.] In math., one of two points on 
each of two confocal ellipsoids, such that, if the 
two ellipsoids be referred to their principal axes, 
the coordinates are in the same proportions as 
each pair to the axes of the two ellipsoids hav- 
ing the same direction. 
ivorybill (i'vo-ri-bil), n. The ivory-billed 
woodpecker, Campophilus principals : so called 
from the ivory-liKo hardness and whiteness of 
the bill. See cut under Canipopliiliis. Coueg. 
ivory-billed (i'vo-ri-bild), a. Having the beak 
hard and white as ivory: as, the ivory-billed 
woodpeckers of the genus Campophilux Ivory- 
billed COpt, the common American coot or whitebill, /'- 
lica ainericana. March. [Jamaica. ) 
ivpry-black (i'vo-ri-blak'), n. A fine soft black 
pigment, prepared from ivory-dust by calcina- 
tion in closea vessels, in the same way as bone- 
black. 
There were different coloured hair powders. The black 
was made with starch, Japan ink, ana ivory black. 
J. Athton, Social Life in Keign of Queen Anne, I. 148. 
ivory-brown (i'vo-ri-broun'), . See brown. 
ivory-gull (i'vo-ri-gul), . A small arctic gull, 
pure white all over when adult, with rough 
Ivory-gull ( Ltirtts ebnrneui). 
black feet, technically called Lurus ebitrneut, 
I'agophila rburnea, or Gavia alba. 
ivory-gum (i'vo-ri-gum), n. Same as ivy-gum 
(which see, under gum 2 ). 
ivory-nut (i'vo-ri-riut), . The seed of Pltytele- 
phas macrocarpa, a low-growing palm, native 
of South America. The seeds are produced, 4 to 9 
together, in hard clustered capsules, each head weighing 
:il n -ii! 25 Ibs. when ripe. Each seed is about as large as a 
hen's egg; the albumen is close grained and very hard, 
resembling the finest Ivory in texture and color ; it is hence 
called vegetable ivory, and is often wrought into ornamental 
work. It Is also known as wrozo. 
ivory-palm (i'vo-ri-pam), . The tree which 
bears the ivory-nut. 
ivory-paper (i'vo-ri-pa'per), n. A fine quality 
of hand-made pasteboard, used for printing. 
ivory-paste (I'vo-ri-past), . The material 
used in making ivory-porcel&in, having a pe- 
culiar dull luster, due to the depolishing of the 
vitreous glaze. 
ivory-porcelain (i'vo-ri-pors'lan), . In ceram., 
a fine ware with an ivory-white glaze, manu- 
factured at the Royal Worcester factory, and 
first shown at the London exhibition of 1862. 
It is a modification of Parian ware, and is used 
for similar purposes, but is more decorative be- 
cause of the glaze. 
ivory-shell (i'vo-ri-shel), n. The shell of the 
gastropods of ttie genus Ebttrna (which see). 
ivory-tree (i'vo-ri-tre), n. A moderately large 
tree, Wriglitia tinetoria, a native of Burma: so 
called from the wood, which is beautifully white, 
hard, and close-grained, resembling ivory and 
used for turning. The name is also applied to 
other species of the genus used for the same 
purpose. 
ivorytype (i'vo-ri-tip), n. [< froryl + tyjif.] In 
photog., same as hcllenotype. 
ivory- white (i'vo-ri-hwif), n. Ancient creamy- 
white Chinese porcelain, imitatd in Japan and 
by the modern Chinese. 
ivory-yellow (i'vo-ri-yel'6), i. A very pale 
and rather cool yellow, almost white, resem- 
bling the color of ivorv. A rotating color-disk com- 
posed of A white, A bright chrome-yellow, and i emerald- 
green will give what is called irory-yeUow. The mixture 
of chrome.yellow and green in these proportions without 
ivy-gum 
the white would appear as a lemon-yellow cooler than 
gamboge: hut the handsomest ivory-yellow is a little 
whiter. 
ivourt, ivouret, '< Middle English forms of 
fwryi, 
ivrayt, . [< F. ivraie (=. Pr. abrwga, drunk- 
enness) (in allusion to the supposed intoxicat- 
ing quality of the seeds)/ L. ebriarus, drunken, 
< ebrius, drunken : see eferiou*.] The darnel, L<>- 
li'ini Ic in uk'ii turn. 
ivy 1 (i'vi), n. ; pi. tries (i'viz). [Early mod. E. 
also ivie, ive; < ME. try, < AS. ijig, ivy; early 
mod. E. also I'ITM, etc. (see iven), < AS. ifegn, 
ivy; = OHG. ebah, MHO. ebich, ivy; also in a 
deriv. form, OHG. ebatri, ebahetci, MHG. ebehou, 
ciiliiiu, e/ifou, Q. cpheu, ivy. The G. forms appar. 
simulate G. heu, hay, and are also confused with 
the forms of eppich (OHG. ephi, etc.), parsley, 
in mod. G. also ivy, < L. opium, parsley.] An 
epiphytic climbing plant of the genus Hedera 
Ivy (tffdtra Helix \ 
a, flower ; b, fruit ; c , leaf ami afirial roots of young plant. 
(H. Heiix), natural order Ariiliacea, and the 
type of the series Hetlfrece. The leaves are smooth 
and shining, varying much in fonn, from oval entire to :<- and 
5-lobed ; and their perpetual verdure gives the plnnt a beau- 
tiful appearance. The flowers are greenish and inconspicu- 
ous, disposed in globose umbels, and are succeeded by deep- 
greenoralmost black berries. //. Helix (the common ivy)ls 
found throughout almost the whole of Europe, and in many 
parts of Asia and Africa. It is plentiful in fJreat Britain, 
growing in hedges and woods, and on old buildings, rocks, 
and trunks of trees. A variety called the Irish iry is much 
cultivated on account of the large size of its foliage and its 
veiy rapid growth. The ivy attains a great age, the stem 
ultimately becoming several inches thick and capable of 
supporting the weight of the plant. The wood Is soft and 
porous, and when cut into very thin plates is used for ill 
tertng liquids. In Switzerland and the south of Europe it 
is employed for making various useful articles. The Iry 
has been celebrated from remote antiquity, and was held 
sacred in some countries, as Greece and Egypt.- Ameri- 
can ivy. Ampelitpnit iruinqvefolia. Barren Ivy, a creep- 
ing andflowerless variety of ivy. Black ivy, the common 
ivy, Iledera Helix, also named H. nigra : so called In allu- 
sion to its sometimes nearly black berries. Q^rman Ivy, 
a species of groundsel, Seiieeio mikanioide*. Indian ivy. 
a plant of the genus Scindajmut, natural onler Aractcf. It 
is an East Indian herb, with perforated or pinnately divided 
leaves and a climbing stem. Irish Ivy. See above. Ja- 
panese ivy, Ampelnpritricruipidata. Kenll worth ivy, 
or Colosseum ivy, a handsome scrophularlaceous vine, 
Linaria Cymbalana, much used In hanging-baskets, etc. 
Also called icy-leafed tnad-Jlax and iryirorf. Poison Ivy, 
the poison-oak, K hta tosdcodendron. (See also ground-ivy. ) 
ivy 2 (i'vi), H. [Formerly also ivie, and prop. 
ive (chiefly in herb-ivy, herb-ive); < OF. ive (also 
called ire arthretique or ive muxmte or muxquee) 
= Sp. Pg. It. iva (NL. ira: see Iva), ground- 
pine, herb-ivy, a fern, form, corresponding to 
F. if (ML. WHS), m., yew, < OHG. itca, MHG. 
the, G. eibe = AS. IIP, E. yetc : see ife and yew. 
The NLj. form is sometimes spelled iba, a form 
suggesting or suggested by a confusion with 
the diff. name, L. abiga (sometimes miswritten 
ifiif/a), also ajuga, ground-pine (Ajuga Chama-- 
pitys): see abigeat.~\ Ground-pine: chiefly in 
the compound herb-ivy. 
ivy-bindweed (i'vi-bind'wed), . A climbing 
European herb, Polygonum Convolvulus, now na- 
turalized in America. 
ivy-bush (i'vi -bush), . A plant of ivy: for- 
merly hung over tavern-doors in England to 
advertise good wine. The ivy was sacred to 
Bacchus. 
Where the rvine is neat, ther needeth no luie-bvth. 
l.uli/. KuphUfs. A n at. of Wit, p. 204. 
This good wine I present needs no icy-btuh. 
NoUt on Du Bartai (1621), To the Reader. 
ivy-gum (I'vi-gum), . See gum?. 
