ivy-leaf 
ivy-leaf (I' vi-lef ), . [< ME. ivy leefe; 
leaf.] The leaf of the ivy To pipe in an ivy- 
leaf, to console one's self the best way one can ; whistle. 
But Troilus, thou raayst now, est or weste, 
Pipe in an lay leefe, if that the leste. 
Chawxr, Troilus, v. 1434. 
ivy-mantled (I'vi-man'tld), . Covered with a 
mantle of ivy. 
From yonder ivy-mantled tower 
The moping Owl doth to the Moon complain. 
(fray, Elegy. 
ivy-owl (i'vi-oul), n. The European brown or 
tawny owl, Syrnium aluco. 
ivy-tod (I'vi-tod), n. An ivy-bush. 
I will carry ye to a mair convenient place, where I hae 
sat mony a time to hear the liowlit crying out of the ivy 
tod. Scott, Antiquary, xxi. 
ivy-tree (i'vi-tre), . A hardy evergreen, Pa- 
nax Colensoi, of New Zealand. 
ivywort (I'vi-w6rt), n. 1. Same as Eenilworth 
icy (which see, Tinder ivy 1 ). 2. A plant of the 
ivy family. 
iwt, n. A Middle English form of yew. 
iwart, d. A Middle English form of aware. 
iwist, ywist (i-wis'), adv. [< ME. (a) iwis, ywis, 
iwys, ywys (= MHG. gewis = Sw. visst = Dan. 
vist), certainly, prop. neut. of the adj. (see be- 
low), which is not used as an adj. in ME.; (6) 
iwisse, ywisse, iwysse (= D. gewis = OHG. gawisso, 
f/iwisso, MHG. gewisse, G. gewiss), adv., cer- 
tainly (cf. also ME. iwislichc, < AS. gewislice = 
D. gewisselijk = OHG. *gawislihho, gicisliclio, 
MHG. gewisliche, G. gewisslich, certainly), < AS. 
gewis, gewiss (= D. gewis, win = OHG. giwis, 
MHG. gewis, G. gewiss = Icel. visa = Sw. viss 
= Dan. vis), certain, < ge-, a generalizing suffix 
(see i-), + *wis = Goth. *wis (for *wiss) in neg. 
unwis, uncertain, orig. pp. of the pret. pres. 
verb represented by AS. witan, know: see 
wit, v. The word, being commonly written in 
ME. with the prefix separated, * wis, came to 
be understood as the pronoun / with a verb, 
"wis," explained in dictionaries, with reference 
to wit, as 'know,' appar. taken to mean 'think' 
or 'guess,' but there is no such verb.] Cer- 
tainly ; surely ; truly ; to wit. This word, very com- 
mon in Middle English,"lost somewhat of its literal force, 
and became in later use a term of slight emphasis, often 
meaningless. In the later ballads, and hence archaically 
in modern use, it is thrown in parenthetically, often as a 
metrical expletive, and is commonly printed as two words, 
/ sots, taken to mean ' I think' or 'I guess.' See the ety- 
mology. 
Ful sorf ul was his hert iivis. Metr. Homilies, p. 88. 
And soe fast he smote at John Steward, 
Iwis he never rest. 
Childe Maurice (Child's Ballads, II. 317). 
/ wis, in all the senate 
There was no heart so bold. 
Macaulay, Horatius. 
iwist, ywist, n. [ME. (= MHG. gewis), cer- 
tainty; < gewis, adv. (orig. adj.): seeiwis, adv.'} 
Certainty: used in the adverbial phrases mid 
iwisse, or to iwisse, for certain, certainly. 
Thou art suete myd ywisse. 
Spec, of Lyric Poems (ed. Wright), p. 57. 
He gan hire for to kesse 
Wei ofte mid yieisse. 
King Horn (E. E. T. S.), 1. 432. 
iwislichet. adv. See iwis. 
iwitt, . see wit. 
iwitnesset, See witness. 
Ixia (ik'si-a), n. [NL., so called with ref. to 
the clammy juice, < Gr. ifof = L. riscti-s, bird- 
lime, mistletoe : see viscus, meows.] An exten- 
sive genus of Cape plants, of the natural order 
Iridacete, type of the tribe Ixiea: They have nar- 
row sword-shaped leaves, and slender simple or branch- 
ed stems, bearing spikes of large, showy, variously colored 
flowers. The beauty and elegance of the flowers give them 
a high place among ornamental plants. The plant former- 
ly called Ixia (Pardanthus) Chinensis is now referred to a 
genus Belamcanda. 
ixia-lily (ik'si-a-lil"i), n. A plant of the genus 
Ixiolirion. 
Ixiese (ik-si'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < Ixia + -ece.] 
A tribe of plants of the natural order Iridacea;, 
typified by the genus Ixia, and characterized 
by their coated bulbs and numerous sessile 
1 -flowered spathes, the flower being 2-bracted 
and sessile within the spathe. The tribe em- 
braces about 20 genera, chiefly South African. 
Also called Ixiacece. 
Ixiolirion (ik"si-o-lir'i-on), n. [NL., < Ixia, 
q. v., + Gr. fatpuw, a lily: see lily.'} A small 
genus of monocotyledonoug plants of the order 
Amaryllidacew, tribe Alstrcemeriex, having tuni- 
cate bulbs, simple erect stems, and irregular 
umbels of pretty blue or violet flowers with a 
3206 
6-parted funnel-shaped perianth. Only two species 
are admitted by Bentham and Hooker, natives of central 
and western Asia. The plants are called ixia-lilies. 
ixiolite (ik'si-o-lit), . [< Gr. 'If/wv, Ixipn, a 
mythical king of Thessaly, bound, for his crimes, 
to an ever-revolving wheel in Tartarus (where 
also Tantalus was tortured: see tantaUte), + 
Wof, a stone.] In mineral., a kind of tantalite 
from Kimito in Finland. 
Ixodes (ik-so'dez), n. [< Gr. <fu%, like bird- 
lime, sticky, < ifof, bird-lime (see-Zxm), + eMof, 
form.] The typical and largest genus of 7x0- 
didte, founded by Latreille in 1796, embracing 
eyeless species best known as ticks. They are 
flat in the normal state, but swell up when distended with 
blood, becoming more or less globular. They adhere very 
firmly to the skin of man and beast, requiring some force 
to pull them away, but if undisturbed drop off upon re- 
pletion. /. ricinus, the dog-tick of Europe, is a character- 
istic example. One of the best-known in the United States 
is /. albip&hts, the white-spotted tick. See cut under Aca- 
rida. 
Ixodidse (ik-sod'i-de), n. pi. [< Ixodes + -idee.'} 
A family of tracheate Acarida, typified by the 
genus Ixodes, and comprising all those mites 
which are properly called ticks. The skin is tough 
and leathery, and in the female capable of great disten- 
tion. The rostrum and mandibles are fitted for sucking, 
and the tarsi have two claws and a sucking-disk. In their 
early stages the Ixodidce are herbivorous and not parasitic ; 
but the adults fasten themselves to various animals and 
suck blood. There are about 12 genera, and the species 
are numerous. 
ixolite (ik'so-lit), n. [< Gr. 2f<5f, bird-lime (see 
Ixia), T Ai'ftjf, a stone.] A mineral resin of a 
greasy luster found in bituminous coal, which 
becomes soft and tenacious when heated. Also, 
erroneously, ixolyte. 
Ixonanthese (ik-so-nan'the-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(Endlicher, 1836-40), < Ixonanthes + -co?.] A 
tribe of plants of the natural order Linaeea;, 
typified by the genus Ixonanthes, having the 
petals contorted and persistent, and the cap- 
sules septicidally dehiscent. 
Ixonanthes (ik-so-nan'thez), n. [NL. (Jack, 
1820), irreg. < Gr.'ifof, bird-lime, mistletoe (see 
Ixia), + avOof, flower.] A small genus of smooth 
trees, of the natural order Linaeea;, type of the 
tribe Ixonanthece, having the petals 10 to 20 in 
number and perigynous, and the fruit often with 
false partitions. They have alternate, coriaceous, en- 
tire or remotely crenate or serrate leaves, and small flow- 
ers in usually axillary dichotomous cymes. The three or 
four species known are natives of tropical eastern Asia. 
Ixora (ik'so-ra), . [NL. (Linnseus), < Iswara 
(< Skt. ifva'ra, "master, lord, prince, < / ?> own, 
be master; cf. AS. agan, E. owe), given as the 
name of a Malabar deity to whom the flowers 
are offered. ] 1 . A genus of plants of the natu- 
ral order Subiacea, type of the tribe Ixore<e. it 
consists of tropical shrubs or small trees, chiefly of the old 
world, numbering about 100 species. The flowers have the 
corolla salver-shaped, contorted, the stamens exserted; and 
they are disposed in trichotomously branching corymbs. 
The leaves are coriaceous and evergreen. Many species are 
cultivated, for the elegance, and in some cases fragrance, 
of their flowers. Several species have a medicinal use. Cer- 
tain species, very hard- wooded, are called iron-tree. I. fer- 
rea of the West Indies is called hardwood-tree or (with other 
species) wild jasmine. I. triflorum, a native of Guiana, is 
called hackia. Two extinct species have been discovered 
in the Tertiary deposits of Europe, and three other closely 
allied forms from a bed of the same age on the island of 
Labuan, off the coast of Borneo, have been described un- 
der the name Ixorophyllum. 
2. [/. c.] A plant of this genus. 
Ixoreae (ik-so're-e), n. pi. [NL. (Bentham and 
Hooker, 1873), '< Ixora + -ccc.] A tribe of 
plants of the natural order Kubiacew, of which 
the genus Ixora is the type, and to which the 
coffee-plant belongs. It includes 11 genera, natives 
of the tropics of both hemispheres. The plants of this 
tribe are trees or shrubs with entire stipules, and are 
chiefly distinguished from those of other tribes by having 
the lobes of the corolla twisted instead of imbricated or 
valvate in the bud. 
ixtle (iks'tl), n. Same as istle. 
lyar (e'ar), n. [Heb.] The second month of 
the sacred year among the Jews, and the eighth 
of the civil year, beginning with the new moon 
of April. Also called Zif. 
iyent, A Middle English plural of eye*. 
lyngidse (I-in'ji-de), n. pi. [NL., < lynx (lyng-) 
+ -ifte.] The wrynecks as a family of birds 
distinct from Picid(e. Also written lungidte, 
Jyngidas, Jungidce, Tungidce. 
lynginse (i-in-jl'ne), n. pi. [NL., < lynx (lyng-) 
+ -ince.] A subfamily of PicidiE, represented 
by the genus lynx, related to the woodpeckers, 
but having the tail of 12 soft rounded reetrices 
(the outer pair of which are extremely short and 
entirely concealed), the first primary spurious, 
the bill acute, the tongue extensile, and the pat- 
izzard 
tern of coloration intricately blended ; the wry- 
necks. There are about four species, inhabiting Europe, 
Asia, and especially Africa. Also written lunginw, Jyn- 
gince, Jungince, Yunyinoe. 
lynx (i'ingks), n. [NL., < L. iynx, < Gr. tt^f, 
the wryneck, so called from its cry, < iwfv, cry 
out ; shout, yell,< , an exclamation of surprise; 
cf. lav, loii, a cry of distress, to, a cry of delight: 
see Jo.] A genus of I'iddte, the wrynecks. See 
cut under wryneck. Also written 1'unx. 
izar (iz'ar), . [Also izzar, izor; < Ar. ieer.} 
1. A garment worn by Moslems, (o) An outer 
garment worn by Moslem women. It is of cotton, and is 
long enough to reach the ground when drawn over the 
head; it then covers the whole person, except in front, 
where the veil hangs down ; and it can be drawn together 
in front, covering the veil itself except at the face. (See 
burka.) In Syria it is the common outdoor garment. (6) 
One of the two cloths forming the ihram or pilgrim's dress. 
It is tied around the loins, and hangs down over the thighs 
as far as the knees or beyond them. Compare rida. 
2. [cap.] A very yellow star, of magnitude 2.6, 
on the right thigh of Bootes in the waist-cloth, 
called by the astronomers E Bootaa. See cut 
under Bootes. 
izard, izzard 2 (iz'ard), . [< F. isard, an izard.] 
The wild goat of the Pyrenees; an ibex. 
He [the izzard-hunter] told them of all the curious habits 
of the tezard ; and among others that of its using its hooked 
horns to let itself down from the clirfs a fancy which is 
equally in vogue among the chamois hunters of the Alps. 
. Mayne Reid, Bruin, xxiii. 
-ize. [Also -ise ; = F. -iser = Sp. Pg. -isar, -izar 
= It. -izzare,<. LL. ML. -izare,<. Gr. -/fwv, a com- 
mon formative of verbs denoting the doing of 
a particular thing expressed by the noun or ad- 
jective to which it is attached, as in 'ATTini&iv, 
speak or act like the Athenians, Atticize, Aaxu- 
vtf,uv, speak or act like the Spartans, Laconize, 
bifamri&iv, speak or act for Philip, philippize, 
etc., f/lTri'few, have hope, < Xm'f, hope. Some 
verbs with this suffix, as fiavTit^uv, baptize, are 
practically mere extensions of a simpler form 
(as [icnrreiv). To this suffix are ult. due the E. 
suffixes -ism and -ist; from the parallel form 
-dfciv come -asm and -ast.~] A suffix of Greek 
origin, forming, from nouns or adjectives, verbs 
meaning to be or do the thing denoted by the 
noun or adjective. It occurs in verbs taken from the 
Greek, as in Atticize, to be, act, or speak like an Athenian, 
Lacrmize, to be, act, or speak like a Spartan, philippize, 
to act on Philip's side, etc. (also in a few whose radical 
element is not recognized in English, as baptize), and 
in similar verbs of modern formation, mostly intransi- 
tive, but also used transitively, as in criticize, to be a 
critic, philosophize, to be a philosopher, etc. , botanize, ety- 
in a particular way something indicated by the noun to 
which it is attached, this being often a person's name, re- 
ferring to some method or invention, as bowdlerize, to ex- 
purgate in Bowdler's fashion, grangerize, to treat (books) 
after the example set by Granger, macadamize, to make 
a road after McAdam's method, bumettize, to impregnate 
with Burnett's liquid, etc. In this use it is applicable to 
any process associated with the name of a particular per- 
son or thing, being often used for the nonce for humorous 
effect, or confined to special trade use. It is sometimes at- 
tached without addition of force to verbs already transitive, 
as in jeopardize, for jeopard, or where the noun may prop- 
erly be used as a verb, as in alphabetize, for alphabet (verb). 
In spelling, usage in Great Britain favors -ise in some verbs, 
as civilise, but usage there makes most new formations in 
-ize, which is the regular American spelling in nearly all 
cases. Verbs in -ize are or niay be accompanied by nouns 
of action in -ization, as civilize, civilization. Such verbs, 
especially those taken from the Greek, as Atticize, Laconize, 
may have a noun of action or state in -ism, as Atticism and 
Laconiinn, and a noun of agent in -ist, as Atticift (see -ism 
and -ist). The termination -ize as a variant of -tsi m nouns, 
as in merchandize, is obsolete ; as a valiant of -ise'2 equiva- 
lent to -&A2, as in advertise, divertise, it is obsolete or treat- 
ed as -ize above. 
iztli (iz'tli), M. [Said to be Aztec.] In Mexico 
and former Mexican territory, a knife or cut- 
ting-implement of any sort made of a flake of 
obsidian. 
izzar (iz'ar), n. See izar. 
izzard 1 (iz'ard), . [Also dial, iszart: said to 
stand for s hard, so called because it is like *, 
but pronounced with voice: cf. "hard c," "hard 
g"; but evidence of s hard as a current name 
for z is lacking. The old name is zed, still used 
in Great Britain ; the name now current in the 
United States is ze.] A former name of the 
letter Z. 
As crooked as an izzart, deformed in person, perverse in 
disposition ; an oddity. 
Wlittby, Glossary (ed. Robinson). (E. D. S.) 
From A to Izzard, from one end of the alphabet, and 
hence of a period or series of any kind, to the other; all 
through. 
He has spent his lifetime in the service, and knows/row 
a to izzard every detail of a soldier's needs. 
Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 783. 
izzard 2 , . See i;nr(J. 
