jack-at-the-hedge 
ers, which grows in copses and hedges. 
3210 
ack (?) + -ei 
Eng ] Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
jack-back (jak'bak), M. 1. In brewing, same as jackeen (ja-ken'), . C< ./<** f a PP"' 
" A drunken, dissolute fellow. <!>. v. 
[Prov. jacked (jakt), a 
Halliwell. [Prov. 
Jack Ketch 
Spavined, jack-frame (jak'fram), . In cotton-mainif., a 
'Top-back. "2. A. tank for the cooled wort used " -een.J 
in the manufacture of vinegar. [Ireland.] 
lack-baker (iak'ba"ker), n. The red-backed jack-engine (jak'en"jm), n. 
shrike, Lanius eollurio. [Prov. Eng.] 
. I D coal-mining, a 
donkey-engine j a small engine employed in 
fcl + - e V 
jack-bird (jak'berd), n. [So called in imita- sinking a shallow shaft. [Eng.] 
tion of its cry: cf. chack-bird.'] The fieldfare, jacker (jak'er), . f<^cfc 
Turdus pilaris. C. Swainson. hunts game with 
jack-block ( jak'blok), n. Naut., a block used in jacket (jak'et), n. 
sending topgallant-yards up and down, placed que , m. (= " 
at the mast-head for the yard-rope to reeve 
through. 
jack-boot (jak'bot), n. [< jack* + looft.'] A 
kind of large boot reaching up over the knee. 
and serving as defensive armor 
for the leg, introduced in the 
seventeenth century; now, a 
similar boot reaching above the 
knee, worn by fishermen and 
others. The jack-boots of postilions, 
and those worn by mounted soldiers 
and even officers of rank, were of exag- 
gerated weight and solidity throughout 
the seventeenth century and until late 
n ,.,!, 
One who 
',t.,jaqitet,jae- 
= It. giacchetta), a jack- 
device which imparts a twist to the roving as 
delivered from the rollers of the drawing-frame. 
It consists of a revolving frame carrying a bobbin, the 
axis of which is at right angles with the axis of rotation 
of the frame, and upon which the roving is wound, the 
revolution of the frame twisting the roving, and the bob- 
bin winding on simultaneously. This device was once 
highly esteemed, but is now nearly or quite out of use. 
Also called jack-in-a-box. 
ack-friar, . A friar : in contempt. 
I liked to have Sampson near me, for a more amusing 
Jack-friar never walked in cassock. 
Thackeray, Virginians, IV. 91. 
in the eighteenth. It was difficult to 
walk in them. 
Then I cast loose my buff-coat, each 
holster let fall, 
Shook off both my jack-boots, let go belt 
and all. Jack-boot, time at 
Browning, How they Brought the Good James II. 
[News from Ghent to Aix. 
About this time 11680] . . . jack-boots resembling those 
that had formed a part of the military appointments of 
the troopers in the civil war came into fashion. 
JSncyc. Brit., VI. 474. 
jack-by-the-hedge (jak'bi-the-hej'), n. One of 
Beveral plants, (a) Sisymbrimn Alliaria, a plant of 
the mustard family growing under hedges. (It) Lychnis 
diurna. (c) Tragopjgon pratensis. (d) Linaria minor. 
I Prov. Eng.) 
jack-capt (jak'kap), n. A leather helmet. 
The several Insurance Offices . . . have each of them a 
certain set of men whom they keep in constant pay, and 
furnish with tools proper for their work, and to whom 
they give Jack Caps of leather, able to keep them from 
hurt, if brick or timber, or anything not of too great a bulk, 
should fall upon them. 
Defoe, Tour through Great Britain, II. 148. 
jack-chain (jak'chan), n. A kind of small chain 
each link of which is formed of a single piece 
of wire bent into two loops resembling the fig- 
ure of eight. The loops are in planes at right angles 
with each other, so that if one loop is viewed in full out- 
line, the other will be seen edgewise. The links are not 
welded. The chain takes its name from being used on the 
wheels of kitchen-jacks. 
jack-crosstree (jak'kros"tre), M. Same as jack 1 , 
16. Dana. 
jack-curlew ( jak'ker'lu), n. 1 . The European 
whimbrel, Numenius plusoptts. Montagu. 2. 
The Hudsonian or lesser American curlew, 
Numenius hudsonicus. Cones. 
jackdaw (jak'da), n. 1. The common daw of 
Europe, Corvus monedula, an oscine passerine 
bird of the family Cormdcc. It is one of the smallest 
defense against weapons. 2. A short coat or 
body-garment; any garment for the body com- 
ing not lower than the hips. Jackets for boys . 
throughout the first half of the nineteenth century came jack-hare (jak har ), . A male nare. 
only to the waist, whether buttoned up or left open in 
front, and a similar garment is still worn by men in certain 
trades or occupations. Short outer garments designed for 
protection from the weather and worn by men of rough 
occupations are called by this name : as, a monkey -jacket. 
Compare zouave-jacket, smokiny-jacket. 
All in a woodinans,y'a<*rf he was clad, 
Of Lincolne greene, belayd with silver lace. 
Spenser, F. Q., VI. 11. 5. jack-hole (jak'hol), II. 
Their [sheriffs'] officers were clothed in jacketsot worsted, hole. [Eng.] 
or say party-coloured, but differing from those belonging jack-hunting (jak'hun'ting), n. The use of the 
40 the S, q 'ud rstrtu'slports and Pastimes, p. 465. Jack in hunting for game by night ; hunting by 
TT a-i a. means of a jack. See jack 1 , n., 11 (j). 
&&rt*W^\^W$^)>'J&: 
The jack fruit is at this day in Travancore one of the 
staples of life. Yule and Burnett. 
8(ja 
Old Tiney, surliest of his kind, 
Who, nursed with tender care, 
And to domestic bounds confined, 
Was still a wild Jack-hare. 
Cowper, Epitaph on a Hare. 
jack-hern (jak'hern), H. The European heron, 
Ardea cinerea. [Prov. Eng.] 
In coal-mining, a bolt- 
3. A waistcoat or vest. [Local. 
Something designed to be fastened about or 
tie-tit or long-tailed titmouse: in allusion to 
that of clothing: as, a str&it-jacket, or a swim- 
mwg-jacket. 5. Clothing or covering placed 
around a cylindrical or other vessel of any kind, 
as a pipe, a cannon, a steam-boiler, a smoke- 
stack where it passes through the deck, etc., to 
give greater power of resistance, to prevent es- 
cape of heat by radiation, etc. Felt, wool, mineral- 
wool, paper, wood lagging, asbestos, and many other ma- 
terials are in common use for jacketing steam-cylinders 
and -pipes, and pipes, tanks, etc., in which it is desirable 
to prevent freezing. Air- compressor cylinders are usual- 
ly supplied with water-jackets for cooling the cylinders, 
which would otherwise become very hot from heat ab- 
sorbed from the air, the work of compression being con- 
verted into heat in the compressed air, which thus acquires 
a high temperature. These cylinders are inclosed in metal 
shells which leave an annular space between them and the 
cylinder, and through this space cool water is kept con- 
stantly flowing by the aid of a pump or other device. When 
a steam cylinder is thus inclosed, and the annular space is 
supplied with live steam, the arrangement is called aisteam- 
jacket. The condensation which would otherwise occur in 
the cylinder during the periods of induction and expansion 
is thus prevented, and a considerable economy is effected. 
See cut under air-engine. 
As regards construction and contour, they [Krupp guns] 
are built upon the model adopted in 1873 ; the tube, with- 
out reinforce, is encircled by a single band or jacket (Man- 
tel, in (> ernian), shrunk on, and carrying trunnions and f er- 
mature. 
Michaelis, tr. of Monthaye's Krupp and De Bange, p. 24. 
6. A folded paper or open envelop containing 
an official document, on which is indorsed an 
order or other direction respecting the disposi- 
tion to be made of the document, memoranda 
respecting its contents, dates of reception and 
jack-in-the-box (jak'in-a- 
UUJIB , -mc-i/uno ), n. 1. A kind of toy, con- 
sisting of "a box out of which, when the lid is 
unfastened, a figure springs. 
A collection of bell knobs which will bring up any par- 
ticular clerk when wanted with the suddenness of a Jack- 
in-the-box. Grenville Murray, Round about France, p. 268. 
2. A street peddler who sells his wares from a 
temporary stall or box. 
Here and there a Jack in a Box, like a Parson in a Pul- 
pit, selling Cures for your Corns, Glass Eyes for the Blind, 
Ivory teeth for Broken Mouths,andi Spectacles forthe weak- 
sighted. Ward, Ihe London Spy. 
3. A gambling sport in which some article 
placed on a stick set upright in a hole is pitched 
at with sticks. If the article when struck falls 
clear of the hole, the thrower wins. 4. Same 
KB jack-frame. 5. A screw-jack used to raise 
and stow cargo. 6. Alarge wooden male screw 
turning in a female screw, which forms the up- 
per part of a strong wooden box. It is used, by 
means of levers passing through it, as a press in 
packing, and for other purposes. 7. A plant of 
the genus Hernandia (H. Sonora), which bears 
a large nut that rattles in its pericarp when 
shaken. 8. A hermit-crab, as Eupagurus pol- 
licaris: so called by fishermen. jack-in-the-box 
gear, a system of toothed-wheel mechanism analogous to 
or identical with the mechanism by which the motions 
of the jack-frame are obtained namely, Ihe rotation of 
a wheel on an axis which simultaneously moves radially 
around a fixed center. 
transmission, etc. [U. S.] 7. A young seal: jacking (jak'ing), n. [Verbal n. of jack*, v.~\ 
so called from the rough fur. [Newfound- The act or method of using the jack ; use of 
land.]-cardiganjacket. Seec<mtfan.-CorkJack- the 3 ack m hunting or fishing: as, jacking f or 
et. See corti. Plaster Jacket. See poster. To dust eels. Seejoefc 1 , n., 11 (j). 
one's Jacket. Seedurfi. ^pllne^one's Jacket, to nil jacking-machine (jak'ing-ma-shen"), n. Ama- 
chine designed to give to leather the appear- 
ance termed "pebbled." 
jack-in-the-box, . See jack-in-a-box. 
one's stomach with food or drink. Nares. 
II s'accoustre bien. He stuffes himselfe soundly, hee 
lines hig jacket throughly with liquor. Cotgrave. 
.,..,.. . . _ .. __ ItlUJV-lil-LllC-UUA, /* KJCC Jw^Jt-fft-u-w^ 
jacket (jak et), v.t. [< jacket, .] 1. To cover jack-in-the-bush (iak'in-the-bush'), n. 1. A 
with or inclose in a jacket : as, tojacketa, steam- plantj sisymbrium Alliaria. " [Prov. Eng.] 2. 
A plant, Cotyledon UnMlicns, of the order Cras- 
sitlace<e, abounding on rocks and walls in Eng- 
cylinder, etc. ; to jacket a document. See jacket, 
n., 5 and 6. 
The cylinders are atesaa-jacketed, and also clothed in felt 
land. 
and wood. Rankine, Steam Engine, 382. j ac ]j.i n .the-pulpit (jak'in-the-pul'pit), W. The 
Another record was made in the book of the office of T "-- * '- " '-" -* " <- 
letters received and jacketed. The American, May 16, 1888. 
2. To beat; thrash. [Colloq.] 
jacketing (jak'et-ing), w. [<jacket_+ -ingi.] 1. 
Indian turnip, Arisasma triphyttum, of the natti- 
ral order Aracew: so called from its upright spa- 
dix surrounded and overarched by the spathe. 
See Aracece. 
Jackdaw (Corvus monedula}. 
The material, as cloth, felt, etc., from which a jack-jump-about (jak'jump'a-bouf), n. One 
jacket is made. 2. A jacket ; a cover or pro- o f several plants, (a) Angelica 'sylvestris._ (b) 
of crows, being but 13 inches long. It is of a black color, 
with a blue or metallic reflection. Jackdaws in flocks fre- 
quent church steeples, deserted chimneys, old towers, and 
ruins, where they build their nests. They may readily be 
[Colloq.] 
They may readily be jackey, . 
tamed and taught to imitate the sounds of words. They jack-fish (iak'fish), n. Same as jack*. 9 (a) and 
are common throughout Europe. (d). [Virginia.] 
When nobody's dreaming of any such thing, jack-fishing (iak'fish"ing), ?. 1. Fishing for 
M ^ Ja *^SKl^SS^,im. the pike or A. .[Virginia.] -2. Fishin| by 
, , , ., , means of a jack ; jacking. 
2. The boat-tailed grackle, Qmscalvs major a jack-flag (jak'flag), . A flag hoisted at the 
large long-tailed blackbird of the family Age- jack-staff 
Jmdw Corns .[Southern U.S.] jack-foolt! n. [ME. jakke foole.] A fool, 
jackdogt, n. A dog: used in contempt. 
" Go fro the wyndow, Jakke, fool, she sayde. 
Scurvy jack-day priest! Shak., M. W. of W., ii. 3, 66. Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 622. 
lection to an inanimate object, as the felt dium Podagraria. (c)*Lotuscornictilattts. [Prov. Eng".] 
covering of a steam-pipe. 3. A thrashing. Jack Ketch (jak kech). [Said to be from an 
executioner of this name (Jack or John SetcJi) 
in the time of James II. (See quot. from Ma- 
caulay.) The derivation given in the first quot. 
is less prob.] A public executioner or hang- 
man. 
The manor of Tyburn was formerly held by Richard ,Ta- 
quette, where felons for a long time were executed ; from 
whence we have Jack Ketch. Lloyd's MS., British Museum. 
He [Jlonmouth] then accosted John Ketch, the execu- 
tioner, a wretch who had butchered many brave and noble 
victims, and whose name has, during a century Mid a hair, 
been vulgarly given to all who have succeeded him in his 
odious office. Macmday, Hist. Eng., v.,note. 
