Jaggy 
jaggy (jag'i), a. [<>'.'/' + -.'/' I Kct with jags 
or teeth; denticulated; notched; jagged. 
Her Jaws grin dreadful with three rows of teeth; 
Ja</yy they stand, the gii'iint; tlt-n of death. 
Pope, Odyssey, xli. 
'1'he jaggy board or awn of the barley head. 
J. Thornton, Hat* and Felting, p. 16. 
jagheerdar, . Neo jiiyhinlar. 
jaghir, jaghire (ja-ger'), . [Also Jaw*** ja- 
i/lt<fi; jiicgliftr, jui/ir, repr. Hind, jdgir, jiiii/ir, 
<Pors. juija , juiii'if, :i tenure under assignment 
(see def.), a grant, lit. taking or occupying a 
place or position, < 1'ors. jd, jay. place, + gir, 
scb.iug, taking.] In the East Indies, an as- 
signment of the government share of the pro- 
duce of a section of land to an individual, either 
for his personal behoof or for the support of a 
public establishment, particularly a military 
establishment. 
I say, madam. I know nothing of books ; and yet, I be- 
lieve, upon a land carriage fishery, a stamp act, or a ja- 
ilhire, I can talk my two hours without feeling the want of 
them. Outdanith, Good-natured Man, it 
Thirmas. Hir Matthew will settle upon Sir John and hla 
lady, for their joint lives, ujagffhire. 
SirJ. \jayghire> 
Thomas. The term Is Indian, and means an annual in- 
.OMH Foote, The Nabob, L 
The distinction between khalsa land, or the imperial 
demesne, AiiAjaglr lands, granted revenue free or at quit 
rent in reward I'm- services, also dates from the time of 
Akbar. Encyc. Brit., XII. 795. 
jaghirdar (ja-ger'dar), . [Hind, and Pers. 
jagirtlar, < jagir, a tenure, a grant (see jaghir), 
+ -tldr, holding, a holder.] In the East Indies, 
a person holding a jaghir. Also spelled ja- 
ghecrdar. 
The Sikhs administered the country by means of jn- 
gheerdars, and paid them by their jagheers. 
Ji. B. Smith, Lord Lawrence, I. 378. 
Jago's goldfinny. See goldfinny, 2. 
iagouncet, n. See jacounce. 
jagra (jag'rtt), n. Same AS jaggery. 
jaguar (jag-war' or jag'u-ar), . [Also written 
jugouaf, yaguar; Yg. jaguar, < Braz. jaguara, a 
jaguar. ' ' Jagua in the Guarani language is the 
common name for tygers and dogs. The generic 
name for tygers in the Guarani language is Ja- 
quarete." (Clavigero, Hist, of Mexico, tr. Cullen 
(1787), ii. 318.)] A carnivorous mammal, Felix 
onca, the largest and most formidable feline 
quadruped of America. It belongs to the family Ft- 
lidte, and most resembles the leopard or panther of the old 
world, being spotted like a pnrd ; but it is larger, and the 
spots, instead of being simply black, are ocellated that is, 
they have an eye of tawny color in the black, or are broken 
Jaguar (/-'flit ottca). 
up Into rosettes of black on the tawny ground. It does not 
stand quite so high on its legs as the cougar, but it has a 
heavier body, and is altogether amore powerful beast. Tile 
length is about 4 feet to the root of the tail, which Is 2 feet 
long ; the girth of the chest Is about 3 feet. The jaguar in- 
habits wooded parts of America from Texas to Paraguay. 
jaguarondi (jag-wa-ron'di), . [Cf. jaguar.] 
A wild cat, Felis yaguanindi of Demarest, in- 
habiting America from Texas to Paraguay, 
somewhat larger than a large domestic cat, of 
slender elongated form, with very long tail 
and very short limbs, and of a nearly uniform 
brownish color. 
Jah (jii, properly yii), n. See Jehovah. 
Jahveh (properly ya-va'), . See Jehovah. 
Jahvist (jft'vist, properly ya'vist), . [< Jah- 
i'ili (see,/<7mr ih) + -toi.j Same as Jeliori.tt. 1. 
The Hexateuch primarily resolves itself into four great 
constituents, rt-sprrtivt'ly known as the works of the Jah- 
list, the Elohist, the Deuteronomist, and the Priestly Le- 
gislator. The Academy, No. 873, p. 60. 
Jahvistic (jii-, properly ya-vis'tik), a. [< Jalt- 
rist -t- -it'.] Same as Jehwistic. 
"Then they began to invoke the name of Jahveh." The 
Importance of this Jahviitic text comes especially from 
its contradiction with the Elohlstlc text Exodus vi. 2-3. 
Xineteenth Century, XIX. 173. 
Ml* 
jail (jal), B. [Two series of forms are to be dis- 
tinguished: (1) E.jail, < ME. jayle, jaile , jayll, 
jaiolc, < OF.jaile,jaole,jeoille, geole, geolli, F. 
geole; assibilated form of (2) E. "gail, repr. by 
the artificial form gaol, formerly also spelled 
goal, used in old law-books and preserved ar- 
chaically in print, though obsolete in pronun- 
ciation (gaol, prop. pron. gal, being always 
pron. jal, which pronunciation belongs only to 
the spelling jail), < ME. guile, gayl, gayhol, < 
OF. gaiole, gtiyolle, gaole, gaolle (whence the 
form gaol above), a cage, a prison, = Sp. gayuta 
= Pg. gaiola, jaula = It. gabbiuola, gabbiota 
(also in simple form gabbia), a cage, ML. re- 
flex gabiola (also in simple form gabia), a cage, 
the prop. L. type being "caveola, dim. of cavea, 
a hollow, a cavity, a cage, coop: see care 1 , 
cage, and gabion.] A prison; a building or 
place for the confinement of persons arrested 
for crime or for debt ; usually, in the United 
States, a place of confinement for minor of- 
fenses in a county. 
And for to determytte this mater, 
Qenerydes was brought owt of the itaile. 
Generydet (E. E. T. H-), 1. 1695. 
Yet, ere his happie soule to heaven went 
Out of this fleshlle gaole, he did devise 
Unto Ills heavenlie maker to present 
Ills bodie as a spotles sacrifice. 
Spenser, Kuines of Time, L 296. 
Deep in the City's bottom sunk there was 
A Goal, where Darkness dwelt and Desolation. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, ill. 164. 
Frighted, I quit the room ; but leave it so 
As men tmmjaUt to execution go. 
Pope, Satires of Donne, iv. 273. 
She threatens me every Day to arrest me; and proceeds 
so far as to tell me, that if I do not do her Justice I shall 
die in a Jayl. Spectator, No. 295. 
Jail liberties, jail limits, bounds prescribed by law 
encompassing a prison, or tne area within such bounds 
(as, for instance, the city in which the jail Is situated), the 
freedom of which is allowed to certain prisoners for debt, 
etc., usually on giving bond for the liberties, the bounds 
being considered, as to such prisoners, merely an extension 
of the prison-walls. To break Jail. See break. 
jail (jal), t>. t. [Formerly also gaol and goal; < 
jail, .] To confine in or as if in a jail; im- 
prison. 
There likewise was a long statute against vagabonds, 
wherein two things may be noted : the one, the dislike the 
Parliament had of gaoling of them, as that which was 
chargeable, pesterous, ana of no open example. 
Bacon, Hist Hen. VIL, p. 215. 
And slth our Bodyes doe but Jaile our Mlnde, 
While we haue Bodyes, we can ne'er be free. 
Daviet, Muse's Sacrifice (1612X p. 81. 
Trounce him, goal him, and bring him upon his knees, 
and declare him a reproach and scandal to his profession. 
f-'i'iitli, Sermons, VL 52. 
jailbird (jal'b&rd), n. [< jail + bird''-; a hu- 
morous term, orig. perhaps with allusion to the 
P. sense 'cage' (see jail). Cf. galloicg-bird.] 
One who has been or is confined in jail; a 
malefactor. 
jail-delivery (jal'de-liv"er-i), . 1. The act of 
disposing judicially of the cases of all accused 
persons detained in a prison and awaiting trial. 
2. In Eng. late, the short name of the com- 
mission issued to judges of assize, directing 
them to clear a jail by thus trying, and acquit- 
ting or condemning, the inmates. Hence 3. 
In England, and also in Delaware (U. 8.), the 
court charged with the trial of ordinary crimi- 
nal cases. See assize, 6. 4. The act of set- 
ting prisoners loose from a jail; a freeing of 
imprisoned persons, as by breaking into or out 
of a jail. 
The most daring and successful jaU^ieliverji ever perpe- 
trated on the Sound | Puget ] occurred last night. 
Evening Pout (New York), Dec., 1888. 
General Jail-delivery, a term sometimes used of ac- 
quittals in numbers at a tune by reason of defects in the 
law, or lax or reckless administration of it. 
The operation of the old law is so savage, and so Inconve- 
nient to society, that for a long time past, once in every 
parliament, and lately twice, the legislature has been 
obliged to make a general arbitrary jau-dtlitery, and at 
once to set open, by its sovereign authority, all the pris- 
ons in England. Burke, Speech at Bristol. 
jailer (ja'ler), n. [Two series of forms, as with 
jail: (1) E. jailer (sometimes spelled jailor), < 
&E.jayler,jaylier,<OF.jaioleor, geolier,jaulier, 
F. gedlier, < geole, etc., a jail; (2) E. "gailer, 
repr. by the artificial form gaoler (see jail), < 
ME. nailer, gayler, gaylere, < OF. gaioleor, gaio- 
lier (ML. reflex gaolarius), a jailer, < gaiole, etc., 
jail: see jail, n.] 1. The keeper of a jail or 
prison. 
The scheref fond the jaylier ded. 
Robin Hood and the Monk (Child's Ballads, V. 13). 
Life is the jailor, Death the angel sent 
To draw the unwilling bolts and set us free. 
Lowell, Death of a Friend's Child. 
Jakes 
2. In coal-mining, a small tub or box in which 
water is carried in a mine. [Somersetshire, 
Eng.] 
jaileress (ja'lfcr-es), [Formerly also gaoler- 
ex*; (.jailer + -*.] A female jailer. 
My saucy gaolerea assured me that all my opposition* 
would not signify that pinch of snuff. 
Itichardiun, Clarissa. Harlowe, ii. 72. 
jail-fever (jal'fe'ver), H. Typhus fever: so 
called because common in jails. 
jail-house (jal'hous), w. A jail. 
jail-keeper (jal'ke'per), w. One who keeps a 
jail ; a jailer. 
Jain (jin), n. and a. [Also as Hind. Jaina, < 
jina, ' victorious ' (< Skt. \f ji, ' conquer'), an epi- 
thet of the teachers of Jainism.] I. n. A mem- 
ber of a non-Brahminical sect in India, the doc- 
trinal system of which corresponds in many es- 
sential points with Buddhism. The sect seems, ac- 
cording to their own scriptures, to have oiiginated with 
one Parswanatha about 7uU B. c but became fully estab- 
lished about 200 years later under Vardhamana (or Jna- 
tapatra, in Pali Nataputta), one of six noted false teach- 
ers (according to Buddhistic writings) contemporary with 
Gautama, the Buddha. The Jains are divided into two 
classes or parties, the Swetambanu, or 'white-robed ones,' 
and the Digambaras, or 'sky-clad (or naked) ones.' The 
Jains deny the divine origin and infallible authority of the 
Vedus. They believe In the eternity of the universe both 
of matter and of mind, and hold that time proceeds In two 
eternally recurring cycles of immense duration, defying 
all human calculation the "ascending" cycle, in which 
the age and stature of men increase, and the "descend- 
ing" cycle, in which they decrease. Their moral code 
agrees with that of the Buddhists, and consists of five 
prohibitions against killing, lying, stealing, adultery, and 
worldly-mlndedness, and of five duties, viz. : mercy to ani- 
mated beings, almsgiving, veneration for the sages while 
living and the worship of their images when deceased, 
confession of faults, and teligious fasting. The Jains 
are found in various parts of India, but especially on the 
west coast, and are remarkable for their wealth and In- 
fluence. 
II, a. Of or pertaining to the Jains or to their 
creed. Jain architecture, a chief style of Indian ar- 
chitecture, closely akin to Buddhist architei lure, and de- 
veloped contemporaneously with it after about A. D. 460, 
when the Jain sect acquired prominence. The most not- 
able characteristics of the Jain style are the pseudo-arch 
and -dome, built in horizontal courses and of pointed sec- 
Jain Architecture. Tempi*: at Kali Katraha. India. 
tion. The domes rest commonly upon eight pillars ar- 
ranged octagonally, with four more pillars at the corners, 
completing a square in plan ; and both arches and domes 
are usually supported by a system of brackets or corbels 
carried out from the piers or pillars at about two thirds of 
their height, and often richly carved. The central feature 
in a Jain temple is a cell lighted from the door, and con- 
taining a cross-legged figure of one of the deified saints of 
the sect. The cell is terminated above by a dome or n 
pyramidal spire-like roof, and there are often connected 
with the temples extensive inclosed courtyards, with por- 
ticos and ranges of cells around the fnclosure, each cell 
serving as a chapel. The tower is also characteristic of 
Jain architecture, being noteworthy especially in the tow- 
ers commemorative of victory, which consist usually of a 
number of superimposed stories rising almost perpendic- 
ularly, and with the top corbeled out so as to overhang the 
sides. These towers are usually elaborately carved upon 
their entire surface. Jain architecture was at its best 
about the eleventh century, and is still practised, not with- 
out dignity and beauty, as at Ahmedabad. 
Jaina (ji'na), n. and a. Same as Jain. 
Jainism (ji'nizm), n. K Jain + -i-i.] The 
religious system of the Jains. 
iak (jak), n. Same as jack 3 , jack-tree. 
akest (jaks), . [The occurrence of dial, johnny, 
a jakes "also called Mrs. Jones by country 
people" (Haliiwell), with dial, torn, a close- 
stool, suggests that jakes was orig. Juice's or 
Jack's, a humorous euphemism : see jack 1 .} A 
privy. 
