Jakes 
Christ liimselfe, speaking of unsavory traditions, scru- 
ples not to name the Dunghill and the Jakes. 
Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus. 
jakes-farmert (jaks'far"mer), . [< jakes + 
farmer.] One who contracted to clean out 
privies; a scavenger. 
Nay, I will embrace a Jakes-farmer. 
Marston, The Fawne, ii. 1. 
Nay, we are all signiors here in Spain, from the jokes- 
farmer to the grandee or adelantado. 
Fletcher (and another), Love's Cure, ii. 1. 
jakie (ja'ki), n. [S. Amer.] A South Amer- 
ican frog, Pseudis paradoxa, of a greenish color 
marked with brown, belonging to the family Cys- 
tignuthidce. See Pseudis. 
Jako (jak'6), n. See jacfco, 2. 
ak-tree, n. See jack-tree. 
jak-wood, n. See jack-wood. 
jalap (jal'ap), . [Formerly also jalop; = F. 
jalap = Pg. jalapa = It. jalappa, < Sp. jalapa, 
jalap, so called from Jalapa, or Xalapa, a city 
of Mexico, whence it is imported.] A drug con- 
sisting of the tuberous roots of several plants of 
the natural order Convolvulacece, that of Ipomcea 
purqa being the most important. This is a twining 
herbaceous plant, with cordate-acuminate, sharply auricled 
leaves, mid elegant salver-shaped deep-pink flowers, grow- 
ing naturally on the eastern declivities of the Mexican An- 
des, at au elevation of from 5,000 to 8,000 feet. The jalap 
of commerce consists of irregular ovoid dark -brown roots, 
varying from the size of an egg to that of a hazelnut, 
but occasionally as large as a man's fist Jalap is one of 
the most common purgatives, but is apt to gripe and nau- 
seate. Male jalap, or orizaba-root, is from Ipomcea Oriza- 
bensis, and Tampico jalap from /. siinulans. Indian jal- 
ap, the product of Ipomaea Turpethum, a native of India 
and the Pacific islands. It is inferior to the true jalap, 
but is free from the nauseous taste and smell of that drug. 
See Ipomcea. 
Jalapa (jal'a-pa), . [NL. (Moench, 1794), < Sp. 
jalapa, jalap: see jalap.] A genus of plants, a 
species of which was supposed to be the source 
of jalap. Now referred to Mirabilis. 
jalapic (ja-lap'ik), a. [<. jalap + -ic.~\ Pertain- 
ing to or consisting of nalap or jalapin. Jalap- 
Ic add, Cn4H 8u Oig, an acid produced, with assimilation 
of water, by dissolving jalapiu in aqueous solutions of the 
alkalis or alkaline earths. 
jalapin (jal' a -pin), . [< jalap + -i 2 .] A 
glucoside resin which is one of the purgative 
principles of jalap and of various plants of the 
convolvulaceous order. See jalap. 
jalap-plant (jal'ap-plant), n. The plant that 
produces_ jalap. 
jalee, jali (ja'le), n. [< Ind. jo7, a network, lat- 
tice, grating, < Skt. jala, net.] Pierced screen- 
work, especially in marble or stone, character- 
istic of Indian house-decoration under Moslem 
influence. 
jaleo (Sp. pron. ha-la'6), n. [Sp., prop, gen- 
teelness, jauntiness.] A lively Spanish dance. 
jalet (F. pron. zha-la'), . [F.jalet; perhaps the 
same as galefl, q. v.] A stone selected or shaped 
for use with the stone-bow. See stone-bom. 
1'ali, n. See jalee. 
alopt (jal' op), n. An obsolete form of jalap. 
jalous, a. An obsolete or dialectal form of 
jealous. 
jalouse (ja-16z'), v. t. ; pret. and pp. jaloused, 
ppr. jaloitsiiig. A dialectal (Scotch) form of 
jealous. 
Iheyjaloused the opening of our letters at Fairport. 
Scott, Antiquary, xliv. 
jalousie!, n. An obsolete form of jealousy. 
jalousie (zha-lo-ze'), n. [F. jalousie, jealousy, 
a lattice window or shutter : see jealousy.] 1. 
A blind or shutter made with slats, which are 
usually set at an angle so as to exclude the sun 
and rain while allowing the air to enter. 2. 
pi. The whole surface or inclosure of a gallery, 
veranda, or the like, formed of a series of slatted 
frames (see def. 1), of which some may be fixed 
and some may open on hinges. 
jam 1 (jam), v. ; pret. and pp. jammed, ppr. jam- 
ming. [Formerly jamb ; of dial, origin; prob. 
another form (sonant j from surd ch; cf.jaw 1 , 
jowl) of cham, chew or champ, being the same 
as champ, chew or bite, also tread heavily: 
see champ 1 .] I. trans. 1. To press; squeeze; 
thrust or press down or in with force or vio- 
lence ; thrust or squeeze in so as to stick fast ; 
press or crowd in such a manner as to prevent 
motion or hinder extrication. 
The ship, which by its building was Spanish, stuck fast, 
jammed in between two rocks ; all the stern and quarters 
of her were beaten to pieces with the sea. 
Defoe, Robinson Crusoe. 
2. To fill full; block up; prevent the move- 
ment of by pressure, crowding, etc. 
Crowds that in an hour 
Of civic tumult jam the doors, and bear 
The keepers down. Tennyson, Lucretius. 
3216 
3. To tread hard or make firm by treading, as 
land is trodden hard by cattle. [Prov. Eng. 
and U. S.] Jamming friction, in mech., friction pro- 
duced by the jamming or pinching action of cams, eccen- 
tric-rollers, knots in ropes, loops of ropes about snubbing 
parts, belaying-pins, etc. To jam out, in coal-mining, to 
cut or knock away the spurns in holing. [South Stafford- 
shire, Eng.] 
II. iii trans. To become wedged together or 
in place, as by violent impact; stick fast: as, 
the door jams. 
jam 1 (jam), n. [< jam 1 , v.] 1. A crush; a 
squeeze ; pressure by thrusting or crowding. 
Yet onward still the gathering numbers cram, 
Contending crowders shout the frequent damn, 
And all is bustle, squeeze, row, jabbering, and jam. 
J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses. 
2. A crowd of objects irregularly and tightly 
pressed together by arrest of their movement ; 
a block, as of people, vehicles, or floating logs. 
The surest eye for a road or for the weak point of a, jam, 
the steadiest foot upon a squirming log. 
Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 111. 
jam 2 (jam), n. [Origin uncertain ; there is not 
sufficient evidence to connect it with jam 1 , 
press, squeeze (cf. dial, jammock, a soft pulpy 
substance, also beat, squeeze), or with Ar. 
jdmid, congealed, concrete, motionless, jamd 
(Pers.), congelation, concretion, < jamada, 
thicken, freeze, congeal (cf. jelly). Cf. roft 2 , a 
conserve of fruit, also of Ar. origin.] A con- 
serve of fruits prepared by boiling them to a 
pulp in water with sugar. 
"We should like some cakes after dinner," answered 
Master Harry, . . . "and two apples and jam." 
Dickens, Boots at the Holly Tree Inn. 
jam 3 , n. Another spelling of jamb 1 , 4. 
jamadar, . See jemidar. 
Jamaica bark, bilberry, birch, buckthorn, 
cherry, cobnut, fan-palm, etc. See bark%, etc. 
Jamaican (ja-ma'kan), a. and n. [< Jamaica 
(see def.) +'-.] "I. a. Of, pertaining to, or 
obtained from the island of Jamaica in the West 
Indies, south of Cuba, now belonging to Great 
Britain, but formerly (1509-1655) to Spain. 
II. n. A native or an inhabitant of Jamaica, 
the population of which is chiefly black or col- 
ored. 
jamb 1 (jam), n. [Formerly &\sojaumb,jaumbe, 
jaum; <! HE. jambe, jaumbe,jamne,<. OF. jambe, 
leg, shank, ham, corbel, pier, side post of a door 
(in the last sense also, in mod. F. exclusively, 
jambage) ; = Sp. gamba, OSp. camba = Pg. gam- 
bia = It. gamba, the leg, < LL. gam ba, a hoof (ML. 
in deriv. the leg, camba, leg-armor, jambe), orig. 
*camba, perhaps of Celtic origin (cf. W. cam, 
crooked, > E. cam 2 , q. v.), but in any ease con- 
nected with L. camur, crooked, camera, camara, 
Gr. Kaudpa, a vault, chamber (> E. camera, cam- 
ber%, chamber, etc., q. v.), and ult. with E. ham 1 , 
q.v. FromLL. gamba are also ult. gamb, gamba, 
gambade, gambit, gambol, gammon 2 , etc., and 
words following.] If. A leg. 2f. The side or 
cheek of a helmet or shield. 
Vnioynis the Jamnys that iuste were to-gedur. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 939. 
3. In arch., a side or vertical piece of any 
opening or aperture in a wall, such as a door, 
jamb-post 
window, or chimney, which helps to bear the 
lintel or other member overhead serving to sus- 
tain or discharge the superincumbent weight 
of the wall. 
On the other side stood the stately palace of Dultibie, 
... in which were dores and jaumes of Ivory. 
Sandys, Travailes, p. 93. 
The jambs or flanking stones [of stairsl are also adorned 
by either figures of animals or bas-reliefs. 
J. Fergusson, Hist. Indian Arch., p. 198. 
4. In mining, a mass of mineral or stone in a 
quarry or pit standing upright, and more or 
less distinct from neighboring or adjoining 
parts. Also spelled jam. 
jamb 2 t, v. An obsolete spelling of jam 1 . 
jambe 1 ( jamb), n. If. An obsolete form of jamb 1 . 
2. [OF. : see jamb 1 . Cf . jambieres. ] Armor 
for the leg, sometimes made of cuir-bouilli, but 
most frequently of metal, much used during the 
fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries. 
See solleret, and second cut under armor. 3. 
In her., same as gamb. 
jambe 2 t,a. [ME.,< OF. jambe (F.jambt), legged, 
i. e. well-legged, able to run fast, < jambe, leg: 
aeejamb 1 .] Swift. 
One a jambe stede this jurnee he makes. 
Mvrte Arthure (E. E. T. S \ 1. 2895. 
jambeaust, jambeuxt, pi. [ME. (used archa- 
ically in Spenser, spelled giambeaux, giambeux); 
< OF. as if "jambel, pi. "jambeux (not found), < 
jambe, leg: see jamb 1 , jambe 1 .] Leggings; leg- 
armor. 
Hisjambeux were of cuyrboilly. 
Chaucer, Sir Thopas, 1. 164. 
The mortall steele despiteously entayld 
Deepe in then- flesh, quite through the yron walles, 
That a large purple streame adowne their giambeux f alles. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. vi. 29. 
jambeet (jam-be'), . [Origin obscure.] Alight 
cane carried by men of fashion in England in 
the eighteenth century. 
" Sir Timothy," says Charles, " I am concerned that you, 
whom I took to understand canes better than any baronet 
in town, should be so overseen ! . . . Why, sir Timothy, 
your's is a true Jambee, and esquire Empty's only a plain 
Dragon." Steele, Taller, No. 142. 
Church of St. Genest, Ncvers, France; rath century. /, J, jambs. J <*ff* U-pUS U 
(From ViolleMc-Duc's " Diet, de rArchitecturc.") pOSt), . In 
A Jambee ... is a knotty bamboo of a pale brown hue. 
Dobson, Selections from Steele, note, p. 479. 
jamberst (jam'berz), . pi. [Cf. jambiere, jam- 
beaus.] Armor for the legs. Compare greaves 1 , 
jambeaus. 
jambeuxt, n.pl. See jambeaus. 
jambieres (Ft pron. zhon-be-ar'), n. [OF. (F. 
jambi&res), armor for a leg, also leg, earlier gam- 
biere = It. gambiera = ML. reflex gamberia (also 
simply camba), < OF. jambe, etc., the leg : see 
jamb 1 .] Leg-pieces or leggings of leather, 
strong plaited cordage, or other resistant ma- 
terial, used by huntsmen and varlets of the 
chase in the middle ages as a defense against 
brambles and underbrush. 
jambolana, jambolan (jam-bo-la'na, jam'bo- 
lan),w. [E.lnd.] An East Indian tree. Eugenia 
Jowftotowa, with hard and durable wood, and edi- 
ble fruit. 
jambone (jam'bon), n. [Cf. jamboree, 2.] In 
the game of euchre, a lone hand in which the 
player exposes his cards and must lead one 
selected by an opponent, scoring 8 points if 
he takes all the tricks, otherwise only as for 
an ordinary hand. Such hands are played by 
agreement, not as a regular feature of the game. 
The American Hoyle. 
jamborandi (jam-bo- 
ran'di), n. Same as 
jaborandi. 
jamboree (jam-bo- 
re'), n. [A slang 
word, prob. arbitra- 
ry.] 1. A carousal; 
a noisy drinking- 
bout ; a spree ; hence, 
any noisy merrymak- 
ing. [Slang.] 
There have not been so 
many dollars spent on any 
jamboree. 
SerOmer'a May., IV. 363. 
2. In the game of 
euchre, a lone hand 
containing the five 
highest cards and 
counting the holder 
16 points, played 
by agreement. The 
American Hoyle. 
jamb-post (jam'- 
Jamb-shafts. Galilee Porch of Dur. 
ham Cathedral, England. 
