jockey 
2f. A strolling minstrel. [Scotch.] 
For example and terror three or four hundred of the most 
notorious of those villains [vagabonds, beggars] which we 
call Jockys might be presented by the Government to the 
State of Venice, to serve in their Gallics against the com- 
mon enemy of Christendom. 
A. Fletcher (1688), quoted in Ribton-Turner's Vagrants 
[and Vagrancy, p. 359. 
3. A groom ; a rider or driver of horses ; spe- 
cifically, a man or boy employed to ride horses 
in races. 
Room for my lord! three jockeys in his train ; 
Six huntsmen with a shout precede his chair. 
Pope, Dunciad, ii. 192. 
4f. A dealer in horses ; especially, a horse-deal- 
er who is given to cheating; a tricky horse- 
trader: more commonly called a horse-jockey. 
You know what cheating Tricks are play'd by our Jock- 
eys, who sell and let out Horses. 
N. Bailey, tr. of Colloquies of Erasmus, I. 412. 
5. A cheat; one who deceives or takes undue 
advantage in trade: from the reputation of 
horse-traders for trickery. 
He [Frampton] is described as being the oldest and as 
they say the cunningest jockey in England ; one day he 
lost 1.000 gs., the next he won 2.000, and so alternately. 
Ashton, Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, I. 308. 
6. In coal-mining, a self-acting apparatus car- 
ried on the front tub of a set for releasing it 
from the hauling-rope at a certain point. [Eng. ] 
7. In mech.,8a,inea,s jockey-wheel. 8. Athin 
walking-stick. [Prov. Eng.] 
jockey (jok'i), v. ; pret. and pp. jockeyed oijock- 
ied, ppr. jockeying. [Also spelled jocky; < 
jockey, .] I. trans. 1. To play the jockey to ; 
trick; deceive in trade; hinder or defeat by 
trickery. 
I see too well by the smile on his face that he thinks 
hehasyocfriedyou. J. Baillie. 
Here's your railways carried, and your neighbor's rail- 
ways jockeyed. Dickens, Dr. Marigold. 
2. To jostle against in racing. 
II. intrans. To act in the manner of a jock- 
ey ; seek unfair advantage in a race, in deal- 
ing, etc. 
jockey-box (jok'i-boks), n. A box in a wagon, 
underneath the driver's seat, for carrying small 
articles. 
jockey-club (jok'i-klub), n. A club or associa- 
tion of persons interested in horse-racing, etc. 
jockey-gear (jok'i-ger), n. The jockey-wheels 
and their cooperative mechanism in an appa- 
ratus for paying out submarine cables. 
jockey-grass (jok'i-gras), n. Quaking-grass, 
Briza media. [Prov. Eng.] 
jockeyism (jok'i -izm), . [< jockey + -ism.'] 
The practice or tricks of jockeys ; also, jockeys' 
talk. 
He was employed in smoking a cigar, sipping brandy 
and water, and exercising his conversational talents in a 
mixture of slang and jockeyism. Bulwer, Pelham, Ixi. 
jockey-jurnal (jok'i-jer*nal), n. [< jockey + 
*jurnal for jurnut.] One of the tubers of Buni- 
um flexuosum, commonly called earthnut or pig- 
nut. [Prov. Eng.] 
jockey-pad (jok'i-pad), n. A cushion or knee- 
pad on a saddle. 
jockey-pulley (jok'i-pul"i), n. A small wheel 
which rides, or runs, on the top edge of a larger 
one, used for obtaining fast speed in dynamos 
and similar machinery, and also for keeping a 
rope or cable in the groove of a grooved wheel. 
jockeyship (jok'i-ship), n. [< jockey + -ship.} 
1. The art or practice of riding horses, espe- 
cially in races. 
Go flatter Sawney for his jockeyship. 
Chatterton, Resignation. 
We justly boast 
At least superior jockeyship, and claim 
The honours of the turf as all our own I 
Cowper, Task, ii. 276. 
2. A quasi-honorary title given in jest or ban- 
ter. 
Where can at last his jockeyship retire? 
Cowper, Conversation, 1. 420. 
jockey-sleeve (jok'i-slev), n. A sleeve which 
carries part of a train of mechanism and rests 
on another part, used in some forms of electric 
arc-lights. 
jockey-wheel (jok'i-hwel), n. A wheel used 
to ride upon and press a rope or cable into a 
groove of another wheel from which the rope 
or cable is paid out. The bearings of a Jockey-wheel 
are often in the end of a lever by which the jockey is held 
to its duty. These wheels are much used in laying sub- 
_ marine cables. Also jockey. 
jockey-whip (jok'i-hwip), . A whip used by 
a jockey. 
jocko (jok'6), . An ape: same asjacko, 1. 
3236 
jockteleg (jok'te-leg), n. [Also written jockta- 
Ifij, jocteleg. Cf. E. foal, jack-lag-knife: seeunder 
jack-knife.'] A large pocket-knife. [Scotch.] 
An' gif the custoc's sweet or sour, 
Wi'joctelegs they taste them. 
Burns, Halloween. 
jocolattet, n. An obsolete form of chocolate. 
To a coffee house to drink Jocolatte very good. 
Pepys, Diary, Nov. 24, 1664. 
They dranke a little milk and water, but not a drop of 
wine ; they also dranke of a sorbet and jocolatt. 
Evelyn, Diary, Jan. 24, 1682. 
jocondt, a. An obsolete form of jocund. 
jocose (jo-kos'), a. [= Sp. Pg. jocoso = It. 
giocoso, i L. jocosus, full of jesting, sportive, < 
jocus, a jest, joke : see joke."] 1 . Given to jokes 
and jesting; merry; waggish, as a person. 
Jocose and pleasant with an adversary whom they would 
choose to treat in a very different manner. Shaftesbury. 
On [the first day of April] . . . their master was always 
observed to unbend, and become exceeding pleasant and 
jocose, sending the old gray headed negroes on April-fool's 
errands for pigeon's milk. Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 463. 
2. Of the nature of a joke or jest ; sportive ; 
merry: as, a jocose remark; jocose or comical 
airs. = Syn. Jocose, Jocund, jocular, facetious, merry, 
waggish, witty, droll, humorous, funny. In jocose cheer- 
fulness or light-heartedness is an accidental thing ; in 
jocund it is the essential idea. The disposition to make 
good-humored jests is the essential thing in jocose, but is 
_ not necessarily implied in jocund. 
jocosely (jo-kos'li), adv. In a jocose manner; 
in jest ; for sport or game ; waggishly. 
jocoseness (jo-kos'nes), n. The quality of be- 
ing jocose ; waggery ; merriment. 
If he wrote to a friend, he must beware lest his letter 
should contain any thing like jocoseness; since jesting is 
incompatible with a holy and serious life. 
Buckle, Civilization, II. T. 
jocoserious (jo-ko-se'ri-us), a. [= Sp. jocoserio, 
< NL. jocoserius, < L. jocus, a joke, + serins, 
serious.] Half jesting, half serious. [Bare.] 
Or drink A jocoserious cup 
With souls who've took their freedom up. 
Green, The Spleen. 
jocosity (jo-kos'i-ti), n. ; pi. jocosities (-tiz). [= 
Sp. jocosidad = Pg. jocosidade = It. giocositd ; 
as jocose + -ity."\ 1. Jocularity; merriment; 
waggery; jocoseness. 
A laugh there is of contempt or indignation, as well as 
of mirth or jocosity. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err. 
This sociable jocosity, as if they had known each other 
for three months, was what appeared to Macarthy so in- 
delicate. H. James, Jr., Harper's Mag., LXXVII. 92. 
2. A jocose act or saying ; a joke. [Bare.] 
jocteleg, n. See jockteleg. 
jocular (jok'u-lar), a. [= It. giocolare, giocu- 
lare, < L. jocularis, < joculus, a little jest, dim. 
of jocus, a jest: see joke.] 1. Given to jest- 
ing ; jocose ; merry ; waggish : said of persons. 
2. Of the nature of or containing a joke; 
sportive ; not serious : as, a jocular expression 
or style. 
His broad good-humor, running easily into jocular talk, 
in which he delighted and in which he excelled, was a 
rich gift to this wise man. Emerson, Lincoln. 
= Syn. See jocose. 
jocularity (jok-u-lar'i-ti), n. [= It. giocolari- 
ta; &s jocular + -4ty.~] The quality of being 
jocular; merriment; jesting. 
On his departure he asked with bitter jocularity whe- 
ther Becket had sought to leave the realm because Eng- 
land could not contain himself and the king. 
Milmnn. Latin Christianity, viii. 8. 
jocularly (jok'u-lar-li), adv. In a jocular man- 
ner; in jest; for sport or mirth. 
"Come," said Dr. Johnson jocularly to Principal Robert- 
son, "let us see what was once a church." 
BosweU, Tour to the Hebrides. 
JOCUlaryt (jok'u-la-ri), a. [= It. giocoMrio, < 
L. jocularius, equiv. to jocularis, jocular : see 
jocular."] Jocular. 
With arts voluptuary I couple practices joculary ; for 
the deceiving of the senses is one of the pleasures of the 
senses. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 201. 
joculator (jok'u-la-tor), .; L. pi. jocula tores 
(jok'u-la-to'rez). [= It. giocolatore, < L. jocula- 
tor, a joker, jester, <joculari, joke, < joculus, a lit- 
tle joke : see jocular. Cf .juggler*, ult. a doublet 
of joculator."] Formerly, a professional jester; 
also, a minstrel. See juggler* and jongleur. 
One great part of the joculator's profession was the teach- 
ing of bears, apes, horses, dogs, and other animals to imi- 
tate the actions of men. 
Slrutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 328. 
It is certain that the Norman Conquest brought to Eng- 
land the species of minstrels into which the joculatirres had 
in Normandy and Northern France developed : and it may 
be assumed, both that it likewise brought performers of 
a different and lower class, and that a distinction was not 
always maintained between them. 
A. W. Ward, Eng. Dram. Lit., I. 15. 
Joe-Millerism 
The joglars orjoculatores, who played, sang, recited, con- 
jured, men of versatile powers of entertainment, who per- 
formed at the houses of the nobility, and were liberally re- 
munerated. JSncyc. Brit., XVI. 479. 
joculatory (jok'u-la-to-ri), a. [< L. joculatori- 
vs, jesting, < joculator, a joker, jester: see joc- 
ulator.] Jocular. 
jocund (jok'und), a. [Formerly &\sojocond; < 
ME. jocund, jocound, < OF. joconde, jocund, ju- 
cond = Sp. Pg.jocundo = It. giocondo, < liL.jo- 
cundus (erroneously accom. to L. jocus, a jest), 
pTop.jucundus, li.jucundus, pleasant, agreeable, 
pleasing, lit. helpful, < juvare, help, aid : see ad- 
jute and adjutant.'] Merry; lively; cheerful; 
blithe; gleeful; gay; mirthful; airy; spright- 
ly ; sportive ; light-hearted. 
Full gladde and iocounde were the companye of the 
rounde table for that the! were a-corded with sir Gawein. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 603. 
Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day 
Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain-tops. 
Shale., R. and J., iii. 6,9. 
The Romans jocond of this Victorie, and the spoil they 
got, spent the night. Milton, Hist. Eng., ii. 
= Syn. Jocose, Jocund. See jocose. 
jocundary ( jok'un-da-ri), a. [< jocund + -ary.~] 
Jocund ; merry. [Rare.] 
Ill not stir ; poor Folly, honest Folly, jocundary Folly, 
forsake your lordship ! 
Dekker and Ford, Sun's Darling, iii. 1. 
jocundity (jo-kun'di-ti), n. [Also jucundity; < 
ME. jocunditee, < Of.jocondite,jocundite = Sp. 
jocundidad = It. giocondita, < L. jucundita( t-)s, 
agreeableness, pleasantness, (jucundus: see jo- 
cund."] The state of being jocund or merry; 
gaiety. 
Learned and meditative as was Sir Thomas More, a jest- 
ing humor, a philosophical jocundity, indulged on impor- 
tant as well as on ordinary occasions, served his wise pur- 
pose. /. D'lsraeli, Amen, of Lit., I. 331. 
jocundly (jok'und-li), adv. In a jocund man- 
ner; merrily; gaily. 
jocundness (jok'und-nes), n. [< JAE.jocundnes; 
< jocund + -ness.'] Jocundity. Holland, tr. of 
Plutarch, p. 160. 
jod (jod), n. [Var. of jot, ult. < Gr. tara, iota, < 
Heb. yodh: see jot 1 , iota."] The letter J. [Prov.] 
As surely as the letter Jod 
Once cried aloud, and spake to God, 
So surely shalt thou feel this rod, 
And punished shalt thou be ! 
Longfellow, Golden Legend, iii. 
jodel, '. See yodel. 
JOB 1 (jo), n. [A particular use of the familiar 
name Joe, abbr. of Joseph. In sense 1, with ref. 
to Joseph Hume, M. P., at whose instance the 
fourpenee was issued in 1836, especially for 
the convenience of paying short cab-fares.] 
1. A fourpenny-piece. Also joey. [Slang.] 
2. [cop.] An old jest : same as Joe Miller. 
Of what use a story may be even in the most serious de- 
bates may be seen from the circulation of old Joes in Par- 
liament, which are as current there as their sterling name- 
sakes used to be in the city some threescore years ago. 
Southey, The Doctor, xvi. 
3. A lobster too small to be sold legally that 
is, one under ten inches in length. [Cape Cod, 
joe 2 (jo), n. [Also jo; an abbr. of Johannes.'] 
A Portuguese and Brazilian gold coin, worth 
from eight to nine dollars. 
Be sure to make him glow 
Precisely like a guinea or a. jo. 
Wolcot, Lyric Odes for 1783, vii. 
" Has the Indian come yet ? " " He was here last week. " 
"An't you afraid of him?" "No." . . . " That's you, for 
a broad joe .' Never be afraid of any body." 
S. Judd, Margaret, i. 8. 
.Double Joe. See double. 
joe 3 (jo), n. [Also jo; usually considered as a 
form of joy, < OF.joye, F. joie; but this is not 
probable.] 1. A master; a superior. Balliwell. 
[North. Eng.] 2. A sweetheart; a darling. 
[Scotch.] 
Blessings on your frosty pow, 
John Anderson, myjo. 
Burns, John Anderson. 
Och ! owre aft thy joes ha'e starv'd, 
Mid a' thy favours ! 
Burns, On Pastoral Poetry. 
joe-ben (jo'ben), n. [Prob. imitative of the 
bird's note.] The greater titmouse, Farms ma- 
jor, or some other titmouse. [Suffolk, Eng.] 
Joe Miller (jo mtt'er). [Also Joe; after Joe or 
Joseph Miller, an English comic actor, whose 
name was attached to a popular jest-book, pub- 
lished in 1739, the year after his death. ] 1 . An 
old jest; a stale joke; a "chestnut." [Colloq. 
or slang.] 2. A jest-book. [Colloq.] 
Joe-Millerism (jo'mil'er-izm), n. [< Joe Miller 
+ -ism.~\ The art or practice of making, recit- 
