Johnanapes 
Knl. If I were at leisure, I would make you shew tricks johnny-Cranes (jon'i-kranz), n. The marsh- 
now. marigold, Caltha palustris. [Prov. Eng.] 
Dona. Do I look like a Jo A *? Johnny-jump-up (jon'i-jump-up'), .. The pan- 
sy Fto/a tricolor; also, the bird-foot violet, F. 
John-apple (jon'ap'l), . [Also, transposed, ^j^. [p rov . U. S.] 
apple-John, q. v. See etym. of jennetmg.) A she ^ a heap Q , store by flowera> ^ an . when the 
variety of apple, good for use when other rruit johnny jump-ups and dandelions begun to come out . . . 
is spent, since it long retains its freshness. she'd go up in the woods. oton Sunda Budet 1888. 
John-a-Stilet (jon'a-stil'), n. [From John-a- 
Boston Sunday Budget, 1888. 
Johnny-raw (jon'i-ra'), . A raw beginner ; a 
Stile or Style, now John Styles, a frequent name, novice ; a boor. [Slang.] 
lit. 'John at the stile, 'so named from the place Johnny-verde (jon'i-verd'), [< Johnny + 
of residence.] Any common person. Sp. rerde, green : see vert.'] A Californian ser- 
What though some john-A-StUe will basely toyle, ranoid fish, Serranus oTPara1abraxnebulifer,ota. 
Only incited with the hope of gaine. greenish color relieved by irregular dark mot- 
Marston, Scourge of Villanie, ii., Prol. tij n g S) an( i w ith traces of dark oblique cross- 
Whereby euery Iohn-a-Stile shall intercept the Churches bars with wavy whitish streaks on the tail. 
due. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 138. j o ] m .p aw (jon'pa), n. A serranoid fish, of the 
John Barleycorn. See barleycorn. genus Epinephelns, occurring along the Gulf 
John Bull (jon bul). [So called with ref. to the OO ast of the United States. See grouper. 
coarse burly form and bluff nature ascribed to Johnsonese (jon-son-es' or -ez'), n. [< Johnson 
the typical Englishman.] 1. An Englishman; ( ge e def.) + -esc. "The surname Johnson is also 
also, the English collectively. 2. A game in 
which the contestants throw pennies upon a 
flat stone divided into sixteen small squares, 
each marked with a certain number, and score 
according to the numbers of the squares upon 
which the pennies remain. Strutt. 
John-Bullism (jon'bul'izm), re. [< John Hull 
+ -ism.] 1. The typical English character. 
Little Britain may truly be called the heart's core of the 
city ; the stronghold of true John Bullism. 
Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 300. 
2. An utterance or an act agreeing with the 
typical English character. 
John Chinaman (Jon chi'na-man). 
A China- 
written Jonson, ME. Jonson, i.e. John's son: see 
John.] The style or language of Dr. Samuel 
Johnson (1709-S4), or an imitation of it ; a pom- 
pous, inflated style, characterized by words of 
classical origin (often manufactured). 
When he wrote for publication, he [Johnson] did his 
sentences out of English into Johnsonese. 
Macaulay, Boswell's Johnson. 
If the Easy Chair may speak in Johnsonese, laughter is 
a condiment, not a comestible. 
O. W. Curtis, Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 637. 
Johnsonia (jon-so'ni-a), n. [NL. (R. Brown, 
1810), named after Thomas Johnson, a botanist 
of the 17th century.] A genus of plants of 
western Australia, of the natural order Li- 
liacece and tribe Johnsoniece. it comprises tufted 
herbs with simple stems, the leaves all radical, and the 
flowers terminal in oblong spikes, entirely concealed by an 
involucre of dry bracts. The perianth has a top-shaped 
tube and six spreading divisions. The stamens are 3 ; the 
ovary is 3-celled, with 2 ovules in a cell. 
Johnsonian (jon-so'ni-an), a. [< Johnson (see 
def.) + -ian.~\ Relating to or characteristic of 
Dr. Samuel Johnson, his writings (especially 
his English dictionary), or his style. 
His pronunciation deviated even more from the Johnso- 
nian standard than the specimen of modern New-English 
in the Biglow Papers. M acmillan's Mag. , Feb. , 1861, p. 273. 
Johnsonianism (jon-so'ni-au-izm), n. [< John- 
fim^mel.Anagallisarmrms: "(efThe'star-of-Betlilehem, sonian + -ism.] A word or an idiom peculiar 
Omtthogalum vmbellatum. [Eng.] to Dr. Johnson, or a style resembling his ; also, 
Johnian(jon'i-an), n. [< Joft(see def.) + -ian.] his personal characteristics. 
A member or graduate of St. John's College in JohnsonieSB (jon-so-ni'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < 
the University of Cambridge, England. Johnsonia + -e<e.] Atrib'e of liliaceous plants, 
To such a society [Trinity College] Bentley came, ob- typified by the genus Johnsonia. The tribal marks 
noxious as a Johnian and an intruder, . . . whose inter- are a rush -like or low and sometimes branching stem from 
ests lay outside the walls of the college. a short or creeping rootstock, and a dense terminal inflo- 
Encyc. Brit., IIL 679. rescence, with an involucre of thickly imbricated bracts. 
f< John- Johnsonism (jon'son-izm), re. [< Johnson (see 
nrnn- RPO def.) + -ism.] Same as Johnsonianism. 
el 111 o . Set) _ _ '. --j _ ~. ^ 
St.-John's-wort. 
man; the Chinese collectively. [Colloq.] 
John Company (Jon kum'pa-ni). An old collo- 
quial designation for the Honorable East India 
Company, in familiar use in India and England. 
John-crow (jon'kro'), re. In Jamaica, the tur- 
key-buzzard, Cathartes aura. 
John Crow beans. See beani. 
John-crow' S-nose (jon'kroz'noz'), n. Same as 
Jim-crow' s-nose. 
John-dory, John-doree (jon-do'ri, -do're), . 
A fish : same as dory 1 , 1. 
John-go-to-bed-at-noon ( jon ' go ' tij -bed ' at - 
johnny (jon'i), .; pi. johnnies (-iz). 
' 
, a familiar dim. of John, aman'sname: see def.) + -w.] bame as JoAnso* 
John.'] 1. [cop.] A diminutive of the name Johns-WOOd (jonz wud), . W 
John. It was applied as a nickname by the Federal sol- T I. 6 /^^ "'!" ' J- . f X\ % 
,!;,>,-.- in t>io Prttifoflmwitoa .1, ,,.;,,,, thu war r,t tllA rAhpllinn tj O1LT1 S-WOrT ( 1O11Z WtTl ). ii. iJOiUi 
aienTto tlie^nfederatord^iri'ng'th^warorthVrebeUiOT^ John's-WOrt (jonz'wert), re. "Same as St.-John's- 
There was pretty hot fighting in among those bushes . "l ? /^^? en . < i"."S' . 
for a while, and then the Johnnies began to fall back. It JOhn-tO-whlt (jon'to-hwif), re. [Imitative of 
was just then that we were sent in. the bird's note.] The common red-eyed green- 
The Century, XXXVI. 460. l etj y ireo olivaceus. 
2. In ichth., a cottoid fish, Oligocottus macu- joicet, * [< ME. joysen, < OF. joiss-, stem of 
losus, with a naked skin, slender head narrowed certain parts of joir, jouir, enjoy : see joy, v. 
above, and pointed snout. It is a small spe- Cf. rejoice.] To enjoy, 
cies, very abundant along the western coast of To loyse jour Habitatioun. 
the United States. 3. Among sailors, a kind Lauder, Dewtie of Kyngis (E. E. T. S.), 1. 126. 
of penguin, Pygoscelis tcmiata. 4. The fish joiet, n. and v. A Middle English form of joy. 
Etheostoma nigrum, a kind of darter. [Local, join (join), v. [< ME. joynen, joignen, < OF. 
U. S.] joindre, juindre, F. joindre = Pr. jonher,junher, 
johnny-cake (jon'i-kak), re. 1. In the southern jonjer = It. giugnere, < L. jungere, pp. junctus 
United States, a cake of Indian meal mixed (root jug, in jugum, yoke, etc.), = Gr. &vyvin>ai 
with water or milk, seasoned with salt, and (root (,vy in fuyoV) = Skt. j/ yuj, join, ~) yuga = 
baked or toasted by being spread on a board Gr. Cvyov = L. jugum = E. yoke, q. v. Hence 
set on edge before a fire. It is of negro origin, joint, adjoin, conjoin, disjoin, enjoin, rejoin, sub- 
join, etc., and (from L. directly) adjunct, con- 
junct, etc., junction, juncture, conjugal, conju- 
gate, subjugate, etc.] I. trans. 1. To put or 
bring together ; bring into conjunction, or into 
association or harmony ; unite ; combine ; asso- 
ciate: as, to join two planks by tenons; to join 
forces in an undertaking. 
Whan the kynge Boors saugh the socour come, he ioyned 
his feet and lept vpon the deed bodyes of men and horse 
that he hadde slain. Merlin (E. E. T. S.)> ii. 333. 
What therefore God hath joined together, let not man 
put asunder. Mat. xix. . 
To make a faultless johnny-cake, you must be black, 
you must be fat, you must be a pampered slave and a dot- 
ing despot ; and even so your secret shall be buried with 
you. You can never teach the world how to make & john- 
ny-cake, because you never learned ; you were born so. 
J. W. Palmer, After his Kind, p. 198. 
2. In other parts of the United States, any un- 
sweetened flat cake of Indian meal, sometimes 
mixed with mashed pumpkin (especially in New 
England), and usually baked in a pan: incor- 
rectly used at times for corn-bread, pone, etc. 
Some talk of hoe-cake, fair Virginia's pride ; 
Rich johnny-cake this mouth has often tried. 
Both please me well, their virtues much the same, 
Alike their fabric, as allied their fame ; 
Except in dear New England, where the last 
Receives a dash of pumpkin in the paste. 
Joel Barlow, Hasty Pudding. 
johnny -COCks (jon'i-koks), . A plant, Orchis 
mascula. [Eng.] 
Now join your hands, and with your hands your hearts. 
Shale., 3 Hen. VI., iv. 6, 39. 
Jnin voices, all ye living souls. Milton, P. L., T. 197. 
2. To unite, as one thing to or with another; 
bring into conjunction or association; cause to 
be united or connected in any way : followed 
by to or with. 
joinder 
And Fabins, surnamed Maximus, 
Could ioyne such learning with experience 
As made his name more famous than the rest. 
Oascoigne, Steele Glas (ed. Arber), p. 64. 
Woe unto them that join house to house, that lay field 
to field. Isa- 8. 
Sobriety and contemplation join our souls to God. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 611. 
Pluto with Cato thou for this shalt join. 
Pope, Dunciad, iii. 309. 
3. To unite or form a junction with ; become 
connected with or a part of ; come into associa- 
tion or union with: as, to join a church, party, 
or society ; the Missouri river joins the Missis- 
sippi; to join one in an enterprise. 
The goddess swift to high Olympus flies, 
And joins the sacred senate of the skies. 
Pope, Iliad, i. 294. 
I but come like you to see the hunt, 
Not join it. Tennyson, Geraint. 
4. To unite or take part in, in a friendly or hos- 
tile manner ; engage in with another or others : 
as, he joined issue with his opponent ; the forces 
joined battle. 
Jehoshaphat . . . joined affinity with Ahab. 
2 Chron. xviii. 1. 
Till winds the signal blow 
To join their dark encounter in mid air. 
Milton, P. L., H. 718. 
5. To adjoin ; be adjacent or contiguous to : as, 
his land joins mine. [Colloq.] 6f. To enjoin; 
command. 
Who Ioyned the be lostyse our iapez to blame, 
That com a boy to this bora, thas thou be burne ryche? 
Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), ii. 877. 
And they join them penance, as they call it, to fast, to 
go pilgrimages, and give so much to make satisfaction 
withal. Tyndale, Works, I. 281. 
Tqjoln battle. See battlel. To Join issue. See issue. 
- To j oln the maj ority. See majority. 
II. intrans. I. To be contiguous or close; 
lie or come together; form a junction. 
She . . . lifte vp hir handes ioynynge towarde heuene, 
and thanked oure lorde of that socoure that he hadde hir 
sente. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 300. 
A certain man's house . . . joined hard to the syna- 
gogue. Acts xviii. 7. 
2. To unite or become associated; confeder- 
ate; league. 
Though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not be un- 
punished. Prov. xi. 21. 
Hee and the Irish Rebels had but one aime, one and the 
same drift, and would have forthwith joyn'd in one body 
against us. Milton, Eikonoklastes, xii. 
Now and then 
The rougher voices of the men 
Joined in the song. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 392. 
3+. To meet in hostile encounter; join battle. 
Thus at thejoyenynge the geauntez are dystroyede, 
And at that journey for-justede with gentille lordez. 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2134. 
He saw the armies join, 
The game of blood begun. 
Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. 1. 
But look you pray, all you that kiss my lady Peace at 
home, that our armies join not in a hot day ! 
Shak., 2 Hen. IV., i. 2, 233. 
join (join), w. [< join, v.] The place where two 
things are joined; the line or surface of junc- 
ture ; a joint ; also, the mode of joining. 
Should the join be in sight, by smoking the shellac be- 
fore applying it [to the broken edges], it will be rendered 
the same colour as the jet itself. 
Workshop Receipts, 1st ser., p. 23. 
The chief means of detecting modern from old Persian 
and Saracenic metal vessels is by examining the brazing 
joins, which in ancient vessels are rare. 
Sci. Amer., N. S., LV. 7. 
Cross-join, in upholstery, a seam across the breadth of 
any material, as of a carpet, furniture-covering, or the 
like. 
joinant (joi ' nant), a. [ME. joynaunt, < OF. 
joignant, ppr. of joindre, join: see join.] If. 
Adjoining. 
The grete tour that was so thikke and strong . . . 
Was evene joynant to the gardyn wal. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 202. 
2. In her., conjoined. 
joinder (join'der), re. [F. joindre, inf. used as a 
noun: see join, v. t.] If. A joining; conjunc- 
tion. 
A contract of eternal bond of love, 
Conflrm'd by mutual joinder of your hands. 
Shak., T. N., v. 1, 160. 
2. In law : (a) The coupling or joining of two 
causes of action in a suit against another: 
called more fully joinder of action, (b) The 
coupling of two or more persons together as 
defendants, (c) The acceptance by a party 
to an action of the point of controversy put in 
his adversary's previous pleading: called join- 
der in demurrer if the previous pleading was a 
