joinder 
demurrer, joinder of issue if it was an allega- 
tion of fact Joinder In error. HOC error. Joinder 
of Issue, joinder In Issue, see imue. 
joiner (joi'ner), . [Mlv.yc mi; < (lk\j<iii/>ii<>; 
a joiner (def. -), < juiniln; join: see join.] 1. 
Oiio who joins. Specifically 2. One whose 
occupation is to construct things by joining 
pieces of wood by means of glue, framing, or 
nails; appropriately and usually, a mechanic 
who dous tho wood-work for the internal and 
external finishings of houses, ships, etc. 
He would not bo aknowcn that himself was priest*, 
but sayecl that hu hiul by y space of 1) yores ben beyonde 
the sea, & there titled by the tuuncrg craft. 
,& T. Mure, Works, p. 345. 
1 1 IT chariot la an empty hazel-nut 
Made by the joiner squirrel, or old grub, 
Time out i)' mind the fairies' coach-makers. 
Shak., K. and J., i. 4, 08. 
3. In wood-working, a power-tool for sawing, 
planing, cross-cutting, etc. By means of attach- 
ments, it is capable of performing a great variety of work, 
as grooving and tonguing, mltering, molding anil beading, 
wedge cutting, boring, etc. E. II. K night. Joiners' 
ChUel,athli>.bladed paring chisel. E. II. Knight. Join- 
ers' gage, a scribing-tool for making a mark on a board 
parallel to its edge. K. H. Knight. - Joiners' plane, a 
long bench-plane used in facing and matching boards. 
joinering (joi'ner-ing), . [< joiner + -4qM 
Same as Joinery. Carlyle, in Froude. [Bare.] 
joinery (joi'ner-i), n. [< join + -ery,~\ 1. The 
art or trade of a joiner. 2. Joiners' work. 
He made an administration so checkered and speckled ; 
he put together a piece of joinery so closely indented and 
whimsically dovetailed. ' Burke, American Taxation. 
join-handt (join'hand), n. Cursive writing; 
running-hand. 
A little boy . . . told her that he was to go into Join- 
hand on Thursday. Addison, Spectator, No. 7. 
joining ( joi'ning), n. [Verbal n. of join, .] A 
line of junction ; a joint. 
In the steeple which stands before me at a small dis- 
tance, thajoininys of the stones are clearly perceptible. 
Jleid, Inquiry, vL 22. 
Fine joining, sewing together or securing by crocheting, 
as of lace. 
joining-handt (joi'ning-hand), n. Same as join- 
hand. 
joint (joint), n. [< ME. joynt,<. OF. joint, joinct, 
m., jointe, joynte, juintc, f., = Pr. jonta, junta 
=. Sp. Pg. junta, a joint, = It. giunta, f ., a joint, 
meeting, arrival, < L. junctus,m., a joining, ML. 
juitcta, f., a joining, a joint, connection, < junc- 
iws,pp.of jnere,join: seejoi.] 1. The place 
or part in which two things, or parts of one 
thing, are joined or united ; the mode of connec- 
tion of two things, together with the contiguous 
parts connected, whether the latter are mova- 
ble or not ; juncture ; articulation ; hinge. 
A scaly gauntlet now, with joint* of steel, 
Must glove this hand. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., i. 1, 147. 
Specifically (a) Inanat. : (1) An articulation. 
The paumo hath power to patten oute the foyntes, 
And to vnfolde the fust for hym hit bylongeth, 
And receyuen that the fyngres rcchcn and refuse, yf hym 
liketh. Piers Plowman (C), xx. 142. 
Myself I then perused, and limb by limb 
Survey'd, and sometimes went, and sometimes ran 
With supple joints, as lively vigour led. 
Milton, P. L, viii. 2f. 
(2) A part between two articulations ; an intemode ; one 
of the pieces which form a jointed organ : as, the second 
joint of the tarsus. 
There we pray'd a little ; and there was shewn us the 
mil Mir Joint of a Man's Finger : I kiss'd it, and ask'd 
whose Relick it was. 
if. Bailey, tr. of Colloquies of Erasmus, II. 11. 
(ft) In ''"'.. same as articulation, 2 (6). 
Kitte out a yointe of reede, and in the side 
Therof let make an hoole. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.X p. 148. 
(e) In arch., the surface of contact between two bodies that 
are held firmly together by means of cement or mortar, by 
a superincumbent weight, or otherwise: as, the joint be- 
tween two stones, (d) In rail., the place where the ends 
of two rails meet, or the mode in which they are connected. 
See fish-mint and fish-plate, (e) In carp, and joinery, the 
place where or the mode in which one piece of timber is 
Joints, in carpentry. 
joint*, in t.irpcmry. 
a. joint concealed by the Iiead ; A, joint which may be nailed from 
both edges, with a jog to prevent slipping; c, joint used for pilas- 
ters; (f, Jnint usc'l fur skirtings, dados, doors, jainlis. etc.; e, miter- 
Joint -,/, dovetail-joint ; f, square joint ; A, rabbet-joint with beads; 
I', tongue-and-groove joint ; j . feather -joint ; k, drip-joint. 
connected with another. Pieces of timber are framed and 
joined to one another generally by mortises and tenons, of 
which there are several Und*. OTDT iron straps and bolts. 
(/) In bouklitulini. the llexililc cloth or leather which, 
serving as a hinge, connects the baek of a book with its 
204 
3239 
sides. (3) Tin' junction of two portions of an electrical 
ruM< luctor, such as a telegraph-wire or cable core. (Joints 
made between materials in masonry, carpentry, plumbing, 
and in other arts have received in many instances names 
that are compounds of the word joint with others that de- 
scribe the position of the parts, as angle-joint, butt Joint, 
etc. ; or the manner of forming tho joint, as dovetail -joint, 
rivi t Jnint, scarf >i/it,dowel-/'i/it, etc. Most of these joints 
are clearly denned by their names.] 
2. In r/eol., a crack intersecting a mass of rock. 
Beds of considerable thickness, especially when homoge- 
neous and somewhat crystalline, are frequently found to 
be traversed by a great number of fissures, nearly parallel 
with one another, and often very straight and regular in 
their course. Sometimes there are two systems of these 
joints, each set consisting of parallel fissures, and the two 
sets being at right angles, or nearly so, with each other. 
There may be even three systems of joint-planes, but in 
any case one set is almost always more decidedly well 
formed than the others. The cleat of coal is an illustrative 
example of the occurrence of a well-developed Jointing ; 
the distinctive scenery of certain picturesque limestone re- 
gions as, for instance, that of the north of England is 
duo to the peculiar form of weathering caused by well-de- 
fined systems of joint-planes. The character and relative 
position of the systems of joints in rocks are of great prac- 
tical importance from various pointsof view, and especially 
with reference to tho facility with which the rock may be 
quarried into forms convenient for use. The jointing of 
granite Is frequently such as to divide the rock naturally 
into cuboidal masses. The prismatic jointing of volcanic 
masses Is frequently very perfectly and beautifully mark- 
ed. See basalt. 
3. One of the large pieces into which a carcass 
is cut up by the butcher: as, a joint of beef; 
also, such a piece roasted, or prepared for eat- 
ing: as. a hot joint; a cold joint. 4. (a) A 
place of meeting or resort for persons engaged 
in evil and secret practices of any kind: as, a 
tramps' join*. Specifically (6) Such a place, 
usually kept by Chinese, for the accommoda- 
tion of persons addicted to the habit of opium- 
smoking, and where they are provided with 
pipes, opium, etc. [Colloq., U. 8.] Abutting 
joint. See abutment, 2 (i) (2). Ball-and-socket joint. 
see imiii. Bell-hanger's Joint, a method of joining 
wire in use by bell-hangers. The ends of the wires are 
bent and hooked together, and then twisted about the 
body of the wire to fonn linked loops. Britannia joint, 
in wires for carrying an electric current, a joint made 
by slightly bending up tho ends of the two wires to be 
joined, laying them side by side for a few Inches, binding 
them tightly together with finer wire, and then solder- 
ing the whole. Brodle'S joint, a joint, especially the 
knee, exhibiting Brodie's disease. See disease. Chelate 
J oint. Sec chelate. Composite J oint. See composite. 
Crampjoint. (a) A joint between plates of metal in which 
the edges are thinned by hammering, one being left plain 
and the other notched obliquely with shears. Each alter- 
nate cramp is bent up, the next down, for the insertion of 
the plain edge, after which they are hammered together, 
brazed, and flattened. It is used for works requiring 
strength, as the parts of musical instruments, (b) See 
cramp-joint. Cup-and-ball joint. Same as ball-and- 
socket joint. Dovetall-j oint. See dtnxta.il. Faat-j oint 
butt. Seebuttz. Femalejolnt. See/emo/e. Foliated 
joint, In carp., a rabbeted joint French joint, a joint 
for wires in which the ends to be joined are placed side by 
side for a few inches, and then twisted. Hooke's joint, 
a contrivance by which a motion of rotation is communi- 
cated from one shaft to another lying in the same plane, 
though in aditferent direction. The two shafts are pronged 
at the end, and in the prong of each is pivoted one of the 
cross-bars of a cross-shaped piece, the axis of each cross- 
bar being perpendicular to that of the shaft to which it is 
pivoted. Hydrostatic, incrassate, inflated, lapped, 
etc., joint. See the adjectives. Loose-Joint butt. 
See butt*. Opium Joint. See def. 4 (6). Out of Joint, 
dislocated, as when the head of a bone Is displaced from 
its socket; hence, figuratively, confused ; disordered; gone 
wrong. 
The jaundiced eye : 
Eye, to which all order festers, all things here are out of 
joint. Tennyson, Locksley Hall. 
Round-Joint file. See /Hei. Rustic joint See rubric. 
Second joint, (a) The thigh of a fowl (the leg, or 
drumstick, being the first joint), esteemed by many the 
best part for eating, (b) The middle piece or joint of a 
fly-rod, between the tip and the butt. Square Joint, a 
joint in wooden stuff in which the edges are Drought 
squarely together without rabbeting, tongue, or feather. 
To break joint, in masonry, carp., etc. See break. To 
flush a Joint. See/twA?. -To put one's nose out of 
joint, to supplant one in another's love, favor, or confi- 
dence. [Colloq.] Universal J Oint, in mech., an arrange- 
ment by which one part of a machine may be made to 
move freely in all directions in relation to another. A 
familiar example is afforded by the well-known ball-and- 
socket joint, which consists of a solid working into a hol- 
low sphere. See cut of ball-and socket joint, under ball. 
Water Joint. See water. (See also pin-joint, plumb- 
joint, ring-joint, shackle-joint, toggle-joint, twist-joint, union- 
joint.) 
joint (joint), a. [< OF. joint, F. joint, < L. junc- 
tus, pp. ofjungere, join: see joint, n.] 1. Joined 
in relation, action, or interest; having a com- 
mon share ; participating: as, joint owners; joint 
tenants. 
Heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ. Bom. viii. 17. 
What might be toward, that this sweaty haste 
Doth make the night ./Vtnt-labourer with the day? 
Shale., Hamlet, i. 1, 78. 
Man walk'd with beast, joint tenant of the shade. 
Pope, Essay on Man, ill. 152. 
2. Joined in use or participation ; held jointly 
or in common ; shared by different individuals : 
joint-fir 
as, join t stock or property; & joint interest in 
an enterprise. 
For 'tis a cause that hath no mean dependence 
Upon our joint and several dignities. 
Stink., T. and C., II. 2,18*. 
The gen'rous Greeks their joint consent declare. 
The priest to rev'rence, and release the fair. 
Pope, Iliad, L 490. 
3. Joined in amount or effect ; combined; act- 
ing together: as, joint strength; joint efforts; a 
joint attack. 
The Kentish men, all parties untieing against a com- 
mon Enemy, with Joint power so oppos'd him that be was 
constraint to retire back. Milton, iilst, Eng., IT. 
TIE not a lip, or eye, we beauty call, 
But the Joint force and full result of all. 
Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 240. 
Where priest and clerk with Joint exert Ion strive 
To keep the ardor of their flock alive. 
Crabbe, The Borough. 
4. In law : (a) Of contracts, united in interest 
or liability in such manner that the law wijl not 
proceed without joining all, as distinguished 
from cases where a part may act, or sue or be 
sued, severally. Thus, partners are joint debtors, and 
notice to one is notice to all, and an action by or against 
any one of them respecting partnership affairs must be 
usually by or against all. (ft) Of crimes and torts, 
combined or connected in the same transaction. 
See estate in joint tenancy (under estate), and 
several. Joint and several, united in obligation or 
liability in such manner that the creditor may pratttt 
against all together or each separately. Joint batteries. 
See battery. Joint committee, contract, convention, 
etc. See the nouns. Joint Indorsement. See indorse- 
ment, 3. Joint rights In rem, in civil law, same as con- 
dominium. Joint tenancy, in law, a tenure of estate by 
unity of interest, title, time, and possession ; possession or 
occupation by joint tenants. See estate. 
joint (joint), v. [< joint, n. Cf. Sp. Pg. junior, 
join.] I. trans. 1. To form with a joint or 
joints; articulate. 
The fingers are jointed together for motion, and furnish- 
ed with several muscles. Ray, Works of Creation. 
2. To prepare the edge of (a board or a piece 
of other material) for closely joining another 
piece ; straighten the edge of (a board or plank), 
by means of a plane called & jointer, in coopers' 
work the edges of staves are Jointed by the coopers' jointer, 
which is a tool analogous to the carpenters' jointer, but 
having a curved instead of a plane under face, to Impart 
the proper curvature to the stave. 
3. To unite closely ; combine; join. 
The time's state 
Made friends of them, jointing their force 'gainst Ctesar. 
Shak., A. andC., i. 2,96. 
4. To cut or divide into joints or pieces; sepa- 
rate the joints of ; disjoint. 
He joints the neck, and with a stroke so strong 
The helm files off and bears the head along. 
Dryiien, .neld, ix. 1038. 
II. intrans. To fit as by joints, or as parts 
adjusted to one another: as, stones cut so as 
to joint into each other. 
joint-coupling (joint'kup'ling), n. In shaft- 
ing, a form of universal joint by which the sec- 
tions are coupled and locked together. 
jointed (join'ted), a. [< join t,n., + -cd 2 .] Pro- 
vided with joints ; formed with knots or nodes. 
Jointed charlock. See charlock. Jointed rod.aflsh- 
ing-rod made in sections, with male and female ferrules 
or male and female screws. See rod. 
jointedly (poin'ted-li), adv. By joints. 
joint-end (joint'end), n. The iron end-piece on 
which a carriage-bow moves, as on a pivot. 
jointer 1 (join'ter), n. 1. One who or that which 
joints. Specifically (a) In carp., a long plane used to 
straighten the edges of boards or planks, so that they will 
make a close joint with other pieces similarly jointed. (6) 
In coopers' work : (1) A tool used for jointing staves. It 
Is analogous to the carpenters' jointer, but has its under 
face curved, to Impart the proper curvature to the edges of 
stares. (2) A machine for Jointing staves, which cuts them 
to the required curves on their edges, (e) In masonry, a 
tool for filling the cracks between the courses of bricks or 
stones. 
2. In masonry, a bent strip of iron inserted into 
a wall to strengthen a joint. E. H. Knight. 
Backing or side jointer, a jointer having a bit with a 
concave edge for dressing the backs of barrel-staves. Also 
called an overshave. Heading-Jointer, a jointer having 
a bit with a straight edge. Stave-jointer, a large plane 
for working the edges of barrel-staves. 
jointer-t, An obsolete form of jointure. 
jointer 3 ^ One who has a jointure or a join- 
ture-settlement. 
In Laxneld here my land and living lies ; 
I'll make thy daughter jointer of it all. 
(Jreene, Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. 
joint-evil (joint'e'vl), . Same as lepra nervo- 
rum (which see, under lepra). 
joint-file (joint'fil), n. A small round file of 
uniform section throughout its length. 
joint-fir (joint'fer), n. 1. A general name of 
the species of the natural order Gnetacete (which 
see). 2. A name of the taxoid conifers. 
