Jovial 
He had a cheerful open exterior, a quick jovial eye. 
Lamb, Two Races of Men. 
And there is no jovial companionship equal to that where 
the jokes are rather small and the laughter abundant. 
Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 281. 
6f. [I- c.] In alchemy, of or pertaining to tin. 
= Syn. 4. Mirthful, etc. See jolly. 
jovialist (jo'vi-al-ist), n. [< jovial + -ist.~] A 
person of jovial character or disposition. 
[Bare.] 
O brave and spirited ! he's a right Jovialist. 
B. Jonson, Cynthia's Bevels, v. 2. 
joviality (jo-vi-al'j-ti), n. [< F.jovialite (= Sp. 
jovialidad = Pg.jovialidade = It. giovialitd),joyi- 
alness; as jovial + -ity.] The state or quality 
of being jovial ; jovial conduct or amusement ; 
merriment; jollity; festivity. 
The first day vapours away in tobacco, feasts, and other 
joviality. Sir T. Herbert, Travels in Africa, p. 808. 
The old manor house . . . seemed echoing back thejo- 
viality of long departed years. Irving, Sketch- Book, p. 289. 
= 8yn. Joy, Glee, etc. (see hilarity); gaiety, jollity, jocu- 
larity, sportiveness. 
jovialize (jo'vi-al-iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. jovial- 
ized, ppr. jovializing. [< jovial + -ize.] To 
make jovial ; cause to be merry or jolly. 
Au activity that joviaKzed us all. 
Mme. D'ArUay, Diary, I. 364. 
jovially (jo'vi-al-i), adv. In a jovial manner; 
merrily ; gaily ; with jollity. 
jovialriess (jo' vi-al-nes), . Joviality ; gaiety ; 
jollity. 
Swearing, with such persons, is but a grace and lustre 
to their speech ; lying, but wit's craft or policy ; drun- 
kenness, jovialness or good fellowship: thus do they 
baptize vice by the name of virtue. 
Hewyt, Sermons (1658X p. 32. 
joyialty (jo'vi-al-ti), . [< jovial + -ty.] Jo- 
viality. [Bare"] 
To think that this perhaps might be the last banquet 
they should taste of ... could not but somewhat spoil 
the gust of their highest delicacies, and disturb the sport 
of their loudest jovtalt ies. Barrow, Works, III. xiv. 
Jovian (jo'vi-an), a. [After LL. Jovianus, of 
Jovius, a surname of Diocletian, < L. Jovis, Jove : 
see Jove.] Of or pertaining to the god Jove 
or the planet Jupiter ; Jovial. 
jovicentric (jo-vi-sen'trik), a. [< L. Jovis, Jove, 
Jupiter, + centrum, center.] In astroii., hav- 
ing relation to Jupiter as a center. 
jovilabe (jo'vi-lab), n. [< L. Jocis, Jove, Jupi- 
ter, + -labe, as in astrolabe.] An instrument 
for finding the apparent situations of Jupiter's 
satellites. 
Jovinianist (jo-vin'i-an-ist), n. [< LL. Jovini- 
anista, < Jovinianus, a man's name, < L. Jovius, 
of Jove, < Jovis, Jove: see Jove.] Eccles., one 
of a short-lived sect, adherents of Jovinian, a 
Milanese monk of the fourth century, who at 
Borne opposed the prevalent esteem for celiba- 
cy, monasticism, fasting, and martyrdom, and 
maintained the equality of all sins, rewards, and 
punishments. He was excommunicated about 
390, and went to Milan. 
joyyt (jo'vi), a. [< LL. Jovius, of Jove or Ju- 
piter: see Jove, jovial.] Jovial; gay. 
Pan. Ill have the Jovial Tinker for To- Pan's sake. 
Turfe. We'll all bejovy this day. 
B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 
I was a poor servant of hers, I must confess, sir, 
And in those days I thought I might be jovy, 
And make a little bold to call in to her. 
Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1. 
iOW 1 *, n. An obsolete variant of ./aw 1 . Chaucer. 
OW 2 (jou), v. [Said to be imitative ; but prob. 
merely a Sc. form of jowl, v.] I. trans. To 
strike (a bell); toll; ring. [Scotch.] TO low 
out, to ring; set ringing, as a bell. 
If you'll just gar your servant jow out the great bell In 
the tower, there's me and my twa brothers . . . will be 
wi' you. Scott, Black Dwarf, ii. 
II. intrans. To toll, as a bell. [Scotch.] 
Now Clinkumbell, wi' rattlin' tow, 
Begins to jow and croon. Burns, Holy Fair. 
To low In, to be rung rapidly, as a bell at the close of a 
peal. 
There is the council-hell clinking in earnest ; and if I 
am not there before it jows in, Bailie Laurie will be trying 
some of his manoeuvres. Scott, Redgauntlet, ch. x. 
JOW 2 (jou), n. [< jow%, v.] The stroke of a 
bell; a ringing. [Scotch.] 
Every jow that the dead-bell geid, 
It cry'd "Woe to Barbara Allan ! " 
Bonny Barbara Allan (Child's Ballads, II. 156). 
The look of those old familiar houses, the jow of the old 
bell, went to my heart. Carlyle, in Froude. 
jowder (jou'der), n. Same as jowter. [Prov. 
, n. A Middle English form of jewel. 
jowl (jol or joul), n. [Alsoj'oM, jole, and formerly 
geoule; < ME. jolle, a var. (with change of orig. 
3244 
cli to j, as also in jar?, ajar 2 ) of chowl, < ME. 
chol, chaul, a contr. of chavel, < ME. ehavel 
(chauel), < AS. ceafl, jaw, pi. ceajlas, jaw: see 
ehavel.] 1. The cheek. 
I found after some time that the merit of his wit was 
founded upon the shaking of a fat paunch, and the tossing 
up of a pair of rosy jowls. Steele, Guardian, No. 42. 
2. The cheek or head of a pig, salmon, etc., 
prepared for the table : as, jowl and greens is a 
Virginia dish. [Now only local.] 
You shall receive by this Carrier a great Wicker Hamper, 
with two Qemdei of Sturgeon, six Barrels of pickled Oys- 
ters. Howell, Letters, I. v. 15. 
Sirrah, set by a chine of beef, and a hot pasty, 
And let the joW of sturgeon be corrected. 
Fletcher (and others). Bloody Brother, ii. 1. 
Cheek by JOWL See cheek. 
jowl, joll (jol), v. [Also jole; < late ME. jollen, 
scold ; appar. orig. slap or knock the cheek or 
head, (jowl, joll, the cheek: see jowl, n.] I. 
trans. To strike or dash, as the jowl or head ; 
butt; clash with violence, as horns. [Obsolete 
or archaic.] 
They may jowl horns together, like any deer i' the herd. 
Shak., All's Well, i. 3, 59. 
Why, how now? shall we have an antic? Whose head 
doyou carry upon your shoulders, that you joll it so against 
the post? Beau, and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1. 
II. intrans. If. To scold; "jaw." 
Take hede to youre lordis estate, 
That none jangill nor jolle at my gate. 
York Plays, p. 307. 
Her father o' th' other side, he yoles at her and joles at 
her, and she leads such a life for you, it passes. 
Wily Beguiled (Hawkins's Eng. Drama, III. 342). 
2. In coal-mining, to hammer on the coal for 
the purpose of ascertaining what thickness in- 
tervenes between two contiguous workings. 
[Eng.] 
jowler (jo'ler or jou'ler), n. [So called in ref. 
to its thick jowls; < jowl + -!.] A strong- 
er heavy-jawed dog, as a hound, beagle, or 
other hunting-dog: hence used as a name for 
such a dog. 
What gravity can hold from laughing out, 
To see him drag his feeble legs about, 
Like hounds ill-coupled? Jowler lugs him still 
Through hedges, ditches, and through all that's ill. 
Dryden, Essay on Satire. 
Get out a horsewhip or & jowler, 
The langest thong, the fiercest growler. 
Burns, Address of Beelzebub, 
jowlop, jowlopped, n. Seejewlap. 
jowter (jou'ter), . [Also jowder, appar. a dial, 
var. of jolter.] One who carries fish about the 
country for sale; a fish-hawker; a cadger. 
[Eng.] 
Mr. Penruddock gave a spiteful hit, being, as he said, 
of a cantankerous turn, to Mr. Treluddra, principal jow- 
der, i. e. fish-salesman, of Aberalva. 
Kingsley, Two Years Ago, xiv. 
joy (joi), n. [< ME. joye, joie, < OF.joie, joye, 
joy, pleasure, also P. joie, joy, assibilated form 
of goie, goye, (joy, a gaud, jewel, = Pr. joi, m., 
joia, f., = Sp. joya, a gaud, jewel, = Pg. joia = 
It. gioja, joy, a jewel, < ML. gaudia, f., joy, a 
jewel, orig. neut. pi. of L. gawdium, joy, < gau- 
dere, rejoice : seegroMd 1 . Hence Tilt, joy, v., en- 
joy, joice, rejoice, jewel, etc.] 1. An emotion of 
pleasure, generally sudden, caused by the grati- 
fication of any passion or desire ; ardent hap- 
piness arising from present or expected good; 
exultant satisfaction; exhilaration of spirits; 
gladness; delight. 
Whan Gawein vndirstode the speche of his brother, he 
hadde of hym hertely ioye, and moche he hym preysed. 
Merlin (E. E. T. .), ii. 184. 
So the joy, and the sense of salvation, which the pure 
in heart have here, is not a joy severed from the joy of 
heaven, but a joy that begins in us here, and continues. 
Donne, Sermons, x. 
To know intense joy without a strong bodily frame, one 
must have an enthusiastic soul. 
George Eliot, Middlemarch, I. 306. 
Joy finds expression in dancing, clapping the hands, 
and meaningless laughter, and these actions are not only 
pleasurable in themselves but such as increase the exist- 
ing pleasure. J. Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 72. 
2. A source of enjoyment or rejoicing; that 
which causes gladness or happiness. 
So wilde a beast so tame ytaught to bee, 
And buxome to his bands, is joy to see. 
Spenser, Mother Hub. Tale, 1. 626. 
Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is 
mount Zion. PS. xlviti. 2. 
For bonny sweet Robin is all my joy. 
Shak., Hamlet, iv. 5, 186. 
A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats, Endymion, i. 
3f. Diversion; festivity. 
And whan thei dyen, thei maken gret Feste and gret 
Joye and Revelle, and thanue thei casten hem in to a gret 
Fuyr brennynge. MandeviUe, Travels, p. 286. 
joyingly 
4. An occasional name of the plant Ranunculus 
arvensis To give one joy, to congratulate or felici- 
tate one : as, I give you joy of your success. = Syn. 1. Plea- 
sure, Delight, etc. (see gladness) ; Glee, etc. (see hilarity) ; 
happiness, felicity, rapture, bliss. 
joy (joi), v. [< ME.joyen,joien, < OF.joie, jouir 
(F. jouir), assibilated form of goir = Pr. gaudir, 
janzir, gauzir = Sp. Pg. gozar = Olt. gaudire, 
It. gaudere,<.~L. gaudere, rejoice : see gaud 1 , and 
cf.joy, n., enjoy, joice, rejoice, etc.] I. intrans. 
To take or feel joy; rejoice; be glad; exult. 
[Now chiefly poetical.] 
I will rejoice in Jerusalem, and joy in my people. 
Isa. Ixv. 19. 
Singing and murmuring in her feastful mirth, 
Joying to feel herself alive. 
Tennyson, Palace of Art. 
Il.t trans. 1. To give joy to; cause to rejoice ; 
gladden; delight. 
Neither pleasure's art can joy my spirits. 
Shak., Pericles, I. 2, 9. 
Your worship 's heartily welcome ; 
It joys my very heart to see you here, sir. 
Fletcher (and another). Queen of Corinth, ii. 4. 
2. To enjoy; possess with pleasure, or have 
pleasure in the possession of. 
And let her joy her raven -colour'd love. 
Shak., Tit. And., ii. 3, 83. 
We will strive to show how much we joy 
Your presence with a courtly show of mirth. 
Ford, Love's Sacrifice, iiL 4. 
Who might have liv'd and joy'd immortal bliss. 
Milton, P. L., ix. 1166. 
3. To wish joy to ; felicitate ; congratulate. 
"Sir," seide Merlin, " I wolde ye dide toy and honour 
these lordes that here be assembled to diffende youre 
reame, and goth to theire tentes eche by hym-self, and 
thanke hem for the socour that thei haue brought." 
Merlin (E. E. T. 8.), iiL 679. 
As soon as Secretary Morrice brought the Great Seale 
from my Lord Chancellor, Bab. May fell upon his knees, 
and catched the King about his legs, and joyed him, and 
said that this was the first time that ever he could call 
him King of England, being freed from this great man. 
Pepys, Diary, III. 300. 
joyance (joi'ans), n. [< OF. joyance, jotance, < 
joyant,joiani,TppT.ofjoir, joy, rejoice: see joy, 
v.] Enjoyment ; rejoicing ; festivity ; gladness. 
[Archaic.] 
She chearfull, fresh, and full ofjoyaunce glad, 
As if no sorrow she ne felt ne drad. 
Spenser, F. Q., III. xii. 18. 
Is it a matter of joyance to those wise and sober person- 
ages that the government which reared and nurtured 
them to all their wisdom and sobriety . . . should be now 
extinct? Landor. 
joy-bells (joi'belz), n. pi. Bells rung on a fes- 
tive occasion. 
joyelt, . A Middle English form of jewel. 
joyful (joi'ful), a. [<ME.joiful,joyfull; <joy, 
n.,+ -ful.] 1. Full of joy; very glad; feeling 
delight; exulting. 
Gretly was thekyngeat thatfeeste, and ioyfull&nd mery. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 65. 
2. Manifesting joy or rejoicing; arising from 
or expressing gladness ; exultant. 
Make & joyful noise unto God, all ye lands. Ps. Ixvi. 1. 
Thou, too, great father of the British floods ! 
With joyful pride survey'st our lofty woods. 
Pope, Windsor Forest, 1. 220. 
3. Causing joy or gladness ; giving happiness ; 
delightful: as, a, joyful sight. 
If I may trust the flattering truth of sleep, 
My dreams presage some joyful news at hand. 
Shak., R. and J., v. 1, 2. 
The ioyfull morning appearing, they found their Boat 
and goods driue ashore, not farre from them. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, II. 93. 
=Syn. 1. Festive, blithe, gay, joyous, happy, glad, de- 
lighted. 
joyfully (joi'ful-i), adv. [<TE.joyJ'ully; < joy- 
ful + -fy 2 .] In a joyful manner; with joy; 
gladly. 
As I ryse up lustily when sluggish sleepe is past, 
So hope I to ryse ioyfully to judgement at the last. 
Oascoigne, Flowers, Good Night. 
joyfulness (joi'ful-ues), n. The state of being 
joyful ; gladness ; lively happiness. 
The King with his Son returns into England, where 
with all Joyfulness they were received. 
Baker, Chronicles, p. 55. 
joyingt (joi'ing), n. [< ME. joiynge ; verbal n. 
of joy, v.] Joy; rejoicing. 
Ihesu, my king and my iaiynge! 
Whi ne were y to thee led? 
Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 28. 
joyinglyf, adv. [<ME.joiyngly; < joying, ppr. 
of joy, (>., 4- -fy 2 .] Joyfully. 
If thi body were woo bigoon, 
What bittir medecyn geuen thee wore, 
laiyn/jly thou woldist it take anoon, 
Thi bodily hele thee to restore. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 199. 
