Juncus 
Jnncus (jung'kus), H. [NL., < 1-. ./">. :i 
rush: secJKiiA' 1 .] Tho most important genus 
of the AMMOM 
or rushes, con- 
ng about 
S | i, v half of tho spe- 
ll 1W// oies. They are 
\ f plants of a rigid 
\ JL/ I habit, with smooth, 
A i \Ir [ / i v commonly simple 
T > \lf / and slender, hollow 
Wl/ or pithy stems and 
/ V small greenish or 
brownish flowers in 
heads or irregular 
panicles, the cap- 
sule containing a 
large number of 
seeds. Economical- 
ly they are not very 
important. They 
are often planted 
on sea- and river - 
embankments to fix 
the soil. Some are 
used for matting, 
especially in Ja- 
pan, for chair-bot- 
toms, and for bands. 
Their pith fur- 
nishes wicking for 
the rush candle or 
rush light used in 
Europe and in 
China. Four fossil 
species of Juncut 
have been described from the Tertiary, one from Spitsber- 
gen and the rest from the continent of Europe, 
jundie (jun'di), v. <. or i. [Origin obscure.] To 
jog with the elbow; jostle. [Scotch.] 
June (jSn), n. [< ME. June, Juyne, < OF. Juin, 
Guing, F. Juin = Pr. Junh = 8p. Junto = Pg. 
Junho = It. Giunio. Giugno = D. G. Dan. Sw. 
Juni, < L. Juniua, June, prop. adj. (sc. mensis, 
month), of the family Junius, < Juniua, a "Ro- 
man gentile name, akin to juvenis, young: see 
juvemle, young.'} The sixth month of the year, 
I, Juncus arcticus. ,, J. lamu; 
Bower of same. 
3253 
According to Lindley, a suborder of the Junger- 
ti/nnnioeete, founded on tho tribe Jungerinunniiln . 
Jungermannia (jung-ger-man'i-a), n. [NL., 
named after Junger- 
in/iini, a German bota- 
nist (lf>72-1653).] A ge- 
nus of HepaHcie,nT liver- 
worts, giving its name 
to the order Jungennan- 
iliacete. It formerly em- 
braced nearly the whole or- 
der, but has been much divid- 
ed, and still contains hetero- 
geneous forms. It may per- 
haps be characterized as hav- 
ing the involucrai leaves free, 
the inner involucre tubular 
and more or less angular, and 
the mouth laclniate. It com- 
prises small creeping and 
branching herbs of damp 
places. About a dozen fossil 
species of this genus are 
known, found, for the most 
part, beautifully preserved in 
tin- amber of North Prussia. 
Jungermanniaceae 
(jung-ger-man-i-a ' se-e ), 
n.pl. [NL. (Dumortier, 
1822), < Jungermannia 
+ -ace<e.] An order of 
cryptogams, the largest 
of the class Hepatiar; 
the scale-mosses. It 
consists of chiefly moss-like 
plants, sometimes merely 
JurtffrmaHHfa mittuta. 
lie with its f> 
larger scale 
IT. capsule with its perianth, on 
ale. 
juniorship 
resembles the common hon more nearly, it 
closely resembles the common black-red pit game-cock, 
and is abundant in the higher wooded districts of India. 
The name extends to other species of the same genus. 
2. Any megapod of Australia, as Megapodiu* 
tumulux. 
iungle-ghau ( jung'gl-gou), n. Same as jungle-ox. 
jungle-nail (jung'gl-nal), n. The East Indian 
live Acacia tomentosa. 
jungle-ox (jung'gl-oks), ii. An Indian bovine 
quadruped of the subgenus Bibos, Ii. xylhekinua, 
inhabiting Sylhet and other mountainous parts 
of northeastern India. It is nearly allied to the 
gayal and to the common ox. 
jungle-sheep ( jung ' gl - shep), n. A ruminant 
animal, Kemas hypocrinus, of India, 
jungly (jung'gli), a. [< jungle + -y 1 .] Of the 
nature of jungle; consisting of or abounding 
with jungle. 
In closely-wooded or jungly tracts all kinds of survey 
operations are prosecuted at a disadvantage. 
R. A. I'roctor, Light Science, p. 276. 
Junian (jtf'nian), a. [< L. Junianus, pertain- 
ing to Junius, < Junius, the name of a Roman 
gens. See def.] Of or pertaining to "Junius," 
a writer who published under this name a se- 
ries of letters which appeared in a London 
newspaper, the "Public Advertiser," between 
November 21st, 1768, and January 21st, 1772, 
denouncing various abuses in the administra- 
tion of the British government. After voluminous 
discussion, the authorship of the letters remains disputed , 
but the strongest evidence appears to assign it to Sir Philip 
Francis, a contemporary politician. 
upper side of the stem ; sometimes mere is a tnira row or 
rudimentary ones beneath. The fructification consists of 
oblong stalked capsules inserted on the stem, which split 
into valves, ordinarily four, discharging numerous spores 
and spirally marked elaters. These plants are to be found 
nearly everywhere in damp soil and on trunks of trees, be- 
ing especially abundant in humid climates. 
lUVVliHV, lll'llttfl. I JbUB D1AKU 1UWMIIM V* VM I v*i , ..- ' . t , , . _. , . ^ 
consisting of thirty day s, during which the sun Jungermanniaceous (jung-ger-man-i-a shius), 
enters thi sign Caicer -. Belonging to or resembling the Jungerman- 
And Merlin seide "The xj day of < luyne.^ ^^ jZge'rmannid* (jung-ger-man'i-de), . pi. 
[NL. (J. Lindley, 1846), < Jungermannia + 
-id<i'.] According to Lindley, a tribe of the 
Ju ngermanniacece. 
Jungermanniese (jung'ger-ma-ni'e-e), n. pi. 
[NL. (Nees von Esenbeek, 1833), < Jungerman- 
nia + -ece.] 1. Originally, and with some au- 
thors still, the equivalent of Jungermanniacece. 
2. Now, more commonly, a tribal division 
of the order Jungermanniacea;, typified by the 
genus Jungermannia. 
And what is so rare as a day In June? 
Then, if ever, come perfect days. 
Lowell, Vision of Sir Launfal. 
June-apple (jon'ap'l), n. Same as jenneting. 
Fallows. 
juneating (J8'ne-ting), n. 
jenneting. 
June-berry (jOn'ber'i), n. 
or service-berry of North America, Amelanchier 
Canadensis, of the natural order Rosacete. it Is 
A falsified form of 
1. The shad-bush 
a bush or small tree, sometimes attaining the height of inngle (jung'tcl), n. [Cf. F. jungle (< E.); < 
30 feet, covered in spring with graceful white racemes, J ^j^ fl ,>,/* HPS " ' " 
and yielding later a small berry-like pome of a deep-pur- 
ple color and pleasant subacid flavor. The trait sometimes 
ripens in June. 
2. The fruit of the shad-bush. 
June-bug (J8n'bug), n. 1. In the northern 
United States, a beetle of any one of the nu- 
merous species of the 
genus Lachnosterna, 
as L. fusca, common 
in the whole country. 
They are large brown clum- 
sy beetles of the melolon- 
thine group of the family 
Scarabaeida. Their larvae, 
found in turf, are large 
whitish grubs, popularly 
known as white-yrvbi, cut- 
wornu, and grmtnd-hoyt. 
Also called dor-buff (which 
see for another cut). In 
the south these beetles are 
oftener called May-beetles, 
since they appear there 
earlier. 
Jangal, a desert, a forest, jungle (cf. 
jangla, a coppice, thicket, fence, railing, grat- 
ing, lattice), < Skt. janaala, dry, desert.] 1. 
A dense growth of rank and tangled vegeta- 
tion, large and small, often nearly impenetra- 
ble, such as is characteristic of some parts of 
India, especially in the swampy regions at the 
base of the Himalaya mountains. 
As we proceeded, the full, luxuriance of this tropical 
jungle became more and more apparent, and we soon 
found that owing to the tangled mass of vegetation it 
was absolutely impossible to leave the beaten path. 
Ball, Jungle Life in India, p. 177. 
A damp belt of lowland, the terai, stretches along their 
[the Himalayas'] foot, and is covered with dense fever- 
other. It is applied to distinguish the younger of two 
persons bearing the same name in one family or town, 
and especially to distinguish a son bearing the same name 
as the father: opposed to senior: as, John Smith, junior. 
In this use commonly abbreviated Jr. or Jim. 
2. Younger or lower in standing, as in a pro- 
fession, especially the bar: as, a junior counsel ; 
a, junior partner in a firm or company. 
Mr. Smith, the assistant at a cheap shop ; the junior 
partner in a slippery firm of some three weeks' existence. 
Dicker*, Sketches. 
3. In American colleges and schools, pertaining 
to the third year of the course, the next below 
the senior or last year ; in institutions having 
a three years' course, usually pertaining to the 
first year (the second being called the middle 
year) : as, the junior class ; junior students. 
H. n. 1. A person younger than another. 
The fools, myjuninrs by a year, 
Are tortur'd with suspence and fear ; 
Who wisely thought my age a screen, 
When death approach'd to stand between. 
Swift, Death of Dr. Swift, 
2. One of less experience or inferior standing 
in his profession than another, who is called 
his senior; one employed as the subordinate 
of another, especially at the bar. 
Not one of them but he thlnketh himself to bane had a 
great inlurie dooen vnto him ; if he goe on the lefte hand 
of another y semeth to be his junior or inferiour. 
./. UdaU, On Lake xiv. 
He had been retained as Mr. Sergeant Snubblns'sjunior. 
Dickens, Pickwick, xxxi 
3. In American colleges and seminaries, a 
member of the junior class; a student in the 
junior year. 
breeding jungle. W. W. Hunter, The Indian Empire, p. SO. juniority (j6-nior'i-ti), n. [< junior + -ify.] 1. 
2. A tract of land covered by such vegetation ; The state of being junior or a junior: opposed 
a wilderness of dense overgrowth; a piece of *- 
swampy thickset forest-land. 
To an eye accustomed for years to the wild wastes of 
llmjnwilf, the whole country presents the appearance of 
one continuous well-ordered garden. 
E. J. Waring, Tropical Eesident at Home, p. 7. 
tf, or May-beetle (Larfi- 
H<>stfrna/usfa }, side view, 
a, larva. (Both natural size. ) 
which appears in June, and the larvae of which 
resemble those of the northern June-bug in 
habits and appearance, being likewise known 
as white-grubs. See cut under Allorhina. Also 
Jimy-bag. 3. One of various European beetles 
of the genus Khinotrogun, related to Lachno- 
Ktfrna. 
June-grass (jon'gras), . The Kentucky blue- 
grass, 1'on imttcHxix. It flowers in June. 
junetint, . An obsolete form of jenneting. E. 
1706. 
2. In the southern 
United States, a bee- jungle-bear (juug'gl-bar), n. The sloth-bear of 
tie very different from India, rroch ilus labtatus. See cut under aswail. 
the preceding, Allo- jungle-bendy (jung'gl-ben'di), . An East In- 
rhina nitida, a large, dian tree, Tdramelis nudiflora. 
Same as chaits 2 . 
See jungle-fotcl. 
__ ,_- _-- - , Jungle + ] Cov- 
ered with jungle ; tangled with wild growths. 
The savages were posted on a thickly nmgled island in 
the lake. K. A. fen., CXXVI. 86. 
ungle-fever (jung'gl-fe'ver), H. A severe va- 
rietv of remittent fever prevalent in the East 
Indies and other tropical regions. It is charac 
terized by the paroxysmal recurrence of the cold and hot 
stages. Also called hill-fever. 
jungle-fowl (jung'gl-foul), H. 1. Agallinaceous 
bird of India, Gallus sonnerati, the first 
to seniority. 
He admits as probable upon present knowledge, in the 
person of Homo sapiens, the juniority of man. 
Pop. Set. Ho., XX VUL 624. 
2. In law, same as borough-English. 
We have a choice between "ultimogeniture," the awk- 
ward term proposed by the Real Property Commissioners 
of the last generation, and such foreign forms as Jungsten- 
Recht and Juveignerie, ... or one must coin a new phrase 
like juniority or junior-right 
C. Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist, p. 186. 
junior-right (jo'nyor-rit), . In law, same as 
borough-English. 
If we are to describe the area from which we must col- 
lect examples of junior -riyht. we shall find that it has 
flourished not only in England and in most parts of Cen- 
tral and Northern Europe, but also in some remote and dis- 
connected regions. C. Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist, p. 185. 
It appears also that until quite recently the custom of 
what we English call Borough English, but for which the 
book-word Junior rife has of late been Invented, existed 
"in the Theel-lands at Norden, in East Friesland, not far 
from the mouths of the Ems." 
N. and Q., 7th ser., VTI. 259. 
species juniorship (J6''uyor-ship), . [< junior + -ghip.} 
of the genus known to naturalists, supposed to 1 . The state of being junior or a junior ; junior- 
Jungermanneae (jimg-ger-man'e-e), n. pi. be one of the wild originals of the domestic ity. Imp. Diet. 2. In the Bom. Cath. CA.,same 
[NL. (J. Liudley, 1846),< Jmii/i-rmaiinia + -ere.] hen, though the Gitllus bankivus (see Gallus 1 ) as juvenate. 
