juniper 
juniper (jo'm-per), re. and a. [< ME. junyper; 
altered, to suit the L., from earlier gynypre, jene- 
per, etc. (also prob. "genevre, > ult. geneva and 
gint, q. v.), < 
OP. geneivre, 
genoivre = Pr. 
genibre, geneore 
= OSp. genebro, 
Sp. enebro = 
Pg. zimbro = It. 
ginepro, giuni- 
pero, < ii.juni- 
perus, a juni- 
per, so called as 
' renewing its 
youth,' i. e. be- 
ing evergreen,< 
juvenis (contr. 
juni-), young, 
+ parere, pro- 
duce: see pa- 
rent.} I..A co- 
niferous ever- 
green shrub or 
trop hplnntrino- witn fruit; c, scale of male flower with two 
tree, oeionging anthers . rf sced 
to the genus Ju- 
niperus. There are about 80 species, distributed through 
the northern parts of the globe or on mountains further 
south. J. communis, the common juniper of Europe 
and North America, is a spreading shrub or small tree, 
whose purple aromatic berries yield a volatile oil used 
as a diuretic and stimulant and also in the manufacture 
of gin. J. Sabina of southern Europe, the true savin, is 
a small tree whose tops form the omcinal savin. J. Vir- 
giniana, the North American red cedar or pencil-cedar, is 
a generally small but sometimes large tree, yielding a fra- 
grant, light, imperishable wood, highly valued for pencil- 
making, cabinet-work, posts, etc. The wood of J. Bermu- 
diana serves similar purposes. (Seecedar.) (For botanical 
characters, see Juniperus.) The name is locally applied to 
other trees, the so called juniper-swamps of the southern 
United States consisting of the white cedar, Chamcecyparis 
Juniper (Ju 
a, branch with 
le flowers; b t branch 
3254 
2. Naut., old or condemned cable and cordage 
cut into small pieces, used when untwisted for 
making points, gaskets, swabs, mats, etc., and 
picked into fibers to make oakum for calking 
seams. Hence 3. Worn-out and discarded 
material in general that may be turned to some 
use; especially, old rope, chain, iron, copper, 
parts of machinery, and bottles, gathered or 
bought up by tradesmen called junk-dealers; 
hence, rubbish of any kind ; odds and ends. 
4. Salt beef or pork supplied to vessels for 
long voyages : so called from its resemblance 
in toughness to old ropes' ends. 
The purser's junk had become as tough as the foretopsel 
weather-earrings. Dickens, Bleak House, xvii. 
5. The mass of blubbery and cellular tissue 
which fills the cavity of the head of the sperm- 
whale between the case and the white-horse, 
containing oil and spermaceti. 
The dense mass of cellular tissue beneath the case and 
nostril, and which is technically called the junk, also con- 
tains spermaceti, with which oil and its tissue is infil- 
trated. Ure, Diet, III. 869. 
junk 2 (jungk), n. [A var. of eJiunk 1 .] A thick 
piece ; a lump ; a chunk. 
There were two eggs, a junk of bread, and a bottle of 
wine on board the Arethusa. 
R. L. Stevenson, Inland Voyage, p. 25. 
junk 3 (jungk), n. [= T?.jonque,< Sp. Pg.junco, 
< Malay ajong, or Chinese ehw'an, chu'en, tsw'an, 
a ship, boat, bark, junk; otherwise < Javanese 
Jung, a large boat.] A large sea-going sailing 
vessel used in the Chinese seas. It has aflat bottom, 
And that Tre bathe many Leves, as the Oynypre hathe. 
Mandeville, Travels, p. 289. 
Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots 
for their meat. Job xxx. 4. 
Gum juniper. Same as sandamc. Irish and Swedish 
Juniper, columnar varieties of J. communis, elegant in 
cultivation. 
II. t a. Bitter; sharp; severe. 
Bishop Grouthead, offended thereat, wrote Pope Inno- 
cent the fourth . . . a juniper letter, taxing him with ex- 
tortion and other vitious practices. 
Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. iv. 29. 
When women chide their husbands for a long while 
together, it is commonly said, they give them a juniper 
lecture; which, I am informed, is a comparison taken 
from the long lasting of the live coals of that wood, not 
from its sweet smell ; but comparisons run not upon all 
four. Ellis, Modern Husbandman (1750), VII. ii. 142. 
juniper-brandyt (J6'ni-per-bran*di), n. Gin. 
Junlperinae ( jo"ni-pe-ri'ne), n. pi. [NL. (End- 
licher, 1847), < Juniperus + -inte.] A subtribe 
of coniferous plants of the tribe Cupressinece, 
embracing the single genus Jnniperus. 
juniperite (jo'ni-per-It), n. [< NL. Juniperites.] 
A petrified trunk or fossil impression belonging 
to the genus Juniperus or Juniperites. 
Juniperites (J6"ni-per-l'tez), K. [NL., < Juni- 
perus, q. v.] A genus of plants, the fossil form 
of Juniperus. 
juniper-Oil (jo'ni-per-oil), n. A volatile oil dis- 
tilled from the berries and probably the tops of 
Juniperus communis. It is an omcinal drug with 
stimulant, carminative, and diuretic properties. 
juniper-resin (jo'ni-per-rez'in), n. Sandarac. 
Juniperus (jo'-nip'e-rus), n. [L., the juniper- 
tree: used as a genus by Tournefort, Inst., 
361, 1700, but with a wider meaning, including 
Cedrus. Restricted to present sense by Lin- 
nseus.] A genus of coniferous plants, the true 
jumpers, embracing about 30 species, widely 
distributed. The few scales of the strohile in this ge- 
nus are fleshy, and consolidated into an indehiscent berry 
or drupe, containing from 1 to 6 hard seeds, either dis- 
tinct or united in a woody mass. The leaves are either 
scale-like or slender and spreading (acerose), or both in 
the same plant. (See jumper.) Eight or ten fossil species 
are described from various parts of the world largely 
from the Tertiary of Europe and the Cretaceous and Ter- 
tiary of the arctic regions. When deviating slightly from 
the living plant, these fossil forms are often called Juni- 
perites. 
junk 1 (jungk), n. [< ME. jonke, < OF. jone, a 
rush, a rush-light, F. jone = Sp. Pg. juneo =. 
It. ffiunco, a rush, bulrush (in Pg. also junk, 
cordage (orig. or sometimes made of rushes), 
whence the E. word in def. 2), < L. juncws, a 
rush. From L. juncus also come ult. E. junket 
&nA jonquil.] If. A rush; a reed. 
It [the crownl was of Jonkes of the See, that is to sey 
Rushes of the See, that prykken als scharpely as Thornes. 
Mandeville, Travels, p. 13. 
A Canton Trading-junk. 
a square prow, and high full stern, from one to five heavy 
masts carrying lug-sails, sometimes made of matting, and 
a huge rudder, which at sea is lowered below the bottom. 
The name is also given to the larger-sized river-craft of 
China. 
China also, and the Great Atlantis (that you call Amer- 
ica), which have now but /unto and canoas, abounded then 
in tall ships. Bacon, New Atlantis. 
It became a difficult task to thread our way between 
the fleets of sampans and junta. The latter are the most 
extraordinary looking craft, . . . with high, overhanging 
sterns. Lady Brassey, Voyage of Sunbeam, IL xxi. 
junk-bottle (jungk'bot'l), . A thick strong 
bottle, usually made of green or black glass. 
Just stopping to take a lusty dinner, and bracing to his 
side his junk-bottle, well charged with heart-inspiring Hol- 
lands, he issued jollily from the city gate. 
Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 447. 
junk-dealer (jungk'de"ler), n. The keeper of 
a junk-shop ; a junkman. 
junker (yb'ng'ker), n. [Gt. , a young noble, contr. 
of jung herr (MHu./NM herre): see young and 
lierre 1 , and cf. younker, the E. form of junker.'] 
1. A young German noble or squire. 
A "Junker (Jung Herr), or younker," says Herr Bam- 
berger, " is essentially the scion of a noble house which 
has devoted itself to military service a mixture of 
Charles I. cavalier, Prussian lieutenant, German feudal 
lord, and Spanish Don Quixote." 
Lowe, Bismarck, I. 82, note. 
2. [cop.] A member of the aristocratic party in 
Prussia which came into power under Bismarck 
when he was made prime minister (1862). 
Junkerism (yong'ker-izm), n . [(junker + -ism."] 
The political principles and social ideas of the 
jonke, a rush: see junk^. Cf. OF. jdnchiere, a 
basket of rushes, <.jonc, a rush. Cf. junket*.] 
If. A basket made of rushes. 
Whanne he [the father of Moses] myjte hide hyra no 
longer, he tok a ionket of resshen [a leep of segge, Purv.) 
and glewide it withe glewishe clay and with picche, and 
putte the litil faunt with ynne. Wyclif, Ex. ii. 4. 
2. A long basket for catching fish. [Prov.Eng.] 
Juno 
junket 2 (Jung 'ket), . [Formerly junkat, jun- 
cate, dial, jenket; = F.joncadc, < It. giuncuta, a 
sweetmeat, cream-cheese, so called as being 
brought in or served on rushes, < giuncoa, rush : 
see junk 1 . Cf. junket 1 .] 1. Curds mixed with 
cream, sweetened, and flavored. Hence 2f. 
Any sweetmeat or delicacy. 
And beare with you both wine and juncates fltj 
And bid him eate. Spenser, F. Q., V. iv. 49. 
With stories told of many a feat, 
How faery Mab the junkets eat. 
Milton, L' Allegro, I. 102. 
3. A feast or merrymaking; a convivial enter- 
tainment; a picnic. 
8nch junkets come not every day. 
Massinger, Great Duke of Florence, iv. 2. 
George, taking out his wife to a new jaunt or junket 
every night, was quite pleased with himself as usual, and 
swore he was becoming quite a domestic character. 
Thackeray, Vanity Fair, xxviii. 
junket 2 (jung'ket),. [<.junke&, n.] l.intrans. 
To feast; banquet; take part in a convivial 
entertainment. 
She which stands at the head being Godmother; and 
after this they iunket together. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 192. 
II. trans. To entertain ; feast ; regale. 
The good woman took my lodgings over my head, and 
was in ... a hurry to junket her neighbours. II. Walpole. 
junketer (jung'ket-er), n. One who takes part 
in a junket. 
On what principle . . . are these junketers . . . allowed 
the use of steamboats at an expense of from $300 to $500 
per day? Kew York Tribune, June 14, 1862. 
junketing (jung'ket-ing), n. [Verbal n. of 
junket*, v.~\ A lively feast or entertainment; 
a season of conviviality ; picnicking. 
All was fun, frolic, courtship, junket 'ng, and jollity. 
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 133. 
St. Martha's Day was occasion for junketings on the Giu- 
decca Canal, when a favorite fish, being in season, was de- 
votionally eaten. HoweUs, Venetian Life, xvii. 
junketryt, n. [Formerly also junquetry; <jun- 
kefi + -ry.] Sweetmeats. 
You would prefer him before tart and galingale, which 
Chaucer preheminentest encomionizeth above mlljunquet- 
ries or confectionaries whatsoever. 
Ncushe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., VI. 158). 
junking (jung'king), n. [Cf. junk*.] In coal- 
mining, a passage through a pillar of coal. 
[North. Eng.] 
junkman (jungk'man), . ; pi. junkmen (-men). 
A dealer in junk. 
junk-ring (jungk'ring), n. In steam-engines, a 
ring fitting in a groove round a piston to keep 
it steam-tight by confining the packing. 
junk-shop (jungk'shop), n. A place where junk 
is bought and sold. See junk 1 , 2. 
Junk Shop was defined by the Supreme Court of South 
Carolina to be a place where odds and ends are purchased 
or sold. Bishop, Stat. Crimes (2d ed.), 296. 
junk-Strap (jungk'strap), n. In the whale-fish- 
ery, a chain used to hoist aboard the junk of a 
sperm-whale. 
junk-vat (jungk'vat), n. In tanning, a large 
vat for holding ooze or tan-liquor which has 
been weakened in the layers. 
junk-wad (jungk'wod), n. In ordnance, a wad 
made of oakum bound with spun-yarn and fill- 
ing the bore of the gun, used in proving can- 
non and to hold the shot in place. 
Juno (jo'no), n. [L., a name ult. connected with 
Jovis, Jupiter, Jove, Jupiter, Diana, etc.: see 
deity.] 1. In Bom. myth., the queen of hea- 
ven, the highest 
divinity of the Lat- 
in races in Italy 
next to Jupiter, of 
whom she was the 
sister and the wife. 
She was the parallel of 
the Greek Hera, with 
whom in later times she 
became to a consider- 
able extent identified. 
She was regarded as the 
special protectress of 
marriage, and was the 
guardian of woman 
from birth to death. In 
Rome she was also the 
patron of the national 
finances, and a temple 
which contained the 
mintwas erected toher, 
under the name of Juno 
Moneta, on the Capi- 
toline. In her distinc- 
tively Italic charac- 
ter, Juno (called Lanu- 
vina, from the site at 
Lanuvium of her chief j uno of La nuvinm ._ colossal statue in 
sanctuary, or Hospita, the Vatican Museum. Rome. 
