I 
the Protectress) was a war-goddess, represented as clad 
In a mantle of goatskin, hearing a shield and an uplifted 
spear ami iooomwuiled, like Athena, by a sacred serpent. 
2. The third planetoid, discovered by Harding, 
at Ijilienthiil, in 1K04 Bird Of Juno, the peacock, 
Paoo crixtatus. 
Junonian (jtt-n<Vni-an), a. [< L. Junonitu, of 
Juno, < JHHII(H-), Juno: see Juno.] Of or per- 
i.-iiniiiK to Juno; resembling Juno, or partak- 
ing other charui-trristirs. 
Juiwnian fulness and grand development of features. 
C. 0. M tiller, Manual of Archfflol. (tran.X i 375. 
Junonicalt (j<?-non'i-kal), a. [< L. Juno(n-), 
tliiuo, + -ic-al.] Junonian. 
Yeet do I stll feare me theesc fayre Junonieal harbour*. 
Staiuhurnt, .Eneid, 1. 696. 
Juno's-rose (jo'noz-roz), n. The white lily, 
l.iliniii candidum. 
Juno's-tears (jo'noz-terz), H. The European 
vervain, t'erbena officinalit. 
junt (junt), H. [Appar. a var. of/mP, chunk*.] 
1. A large piece; a chunk. [Scotch.] 2. A 
squat clumsy person. [Scotch. ] 3t. A worth- 
less woman. 
Uoa. Daintily abused ! you've put ljunt upon me ! 
Lucre. Ha, ha, ha ! 
Hoa. A common strumpet ! 
Wit. Nay, now 
You wrong her, sir ; If I were she I'd have 
The law on you for that. 
Middktan, Trick to Catch the Old One, v. 2. 
junta (jun'ttt), . [= F. jutitc, < Sp. junta 
(orig. fein. 61 junto, used as pp. of junta)', con- 
voke, congregate) = Pg. juneta, f., a council, 
meeting/ L. juneta, fern, of junctus, joined, pp. 
of juuyerc, join : see join. Ct. junto.] 1. A 
meeting; a council. Seejuwto. Specifically 
2. In Spain, a consultative or legislative assem- 
bly, either for the whole country or for one of 
its separate parts. The most celebrated juntas In 
history were that convened by Napoleon In 1808 and the 
later revolutionary juntas. 
I had also Audience of the King [of Spain], to whom I 
delivered two Memorials since, In his Majesty's Name of 
(ireat Britain, that a particular Junta of some of the Coun- 
cil of State and War might be appointed to determine the 
Business. HoiwU, Letters, I. lit 10. 
junto (jun'to), n. [An erroneous form ot junta, 
< Sp. junta, a council: see junta. The E. form 
j a n to came into use at a time when Sp. words 
in -a were commonly taken with the term, -o, ap- 
par. as seeming more Spanish. Of. bastinado, 
< Sp. bastonada.] A private council or assem- 
bly; a combination of persons openly or se- 
cretly engaged for a common purpose, espe- 
cially of a political character; a club of parti- 
zans or intriguers; a faction; a cabal; spe- 
cifically, in Eng. lii.it., a group of leading Whig 
politicians in the reigns of William III. and 
Anne, of whom the most important were Som- 
ers, Wharton, Russell, and Montague. 
How venerable were this Junto! How admirable this 
assembly ! J*r. Taylor, Works (ed. 18S5X I. 882. 
The puzzling sons of party next appeared, 
In dark cabals and mighty juntot met. 
Thmnton, Castle of Indolence, I. 
That the republic might be governed by lawful magis- 
trates, and not by a junta of particular persons. 
J. Adams, Works, \ . 98. 
Essex Junto in U. S. hist., a name, first used about 
1781 which was chiefly applied to a group of extreme 
Federalist leaders, mostly connected with Essex county, 
Massachusetts, about the end of the eighteenth and the be- 
ginning of the nineteenth century. During the presidency 
Sf John Adams they were adherents of Hamilton rather 
than of the President. Later the name was applied to 
the Federalists in general. =Syn. Faction, Camarilla, etc. 
Hee cabal^. 
iupt, " Same uiWW. 
jupardiet, >< A Middle English form of jo)i- 
ardy. 
iupartt, v. t. An early form of jeopard. 
iupartiet, . An early form of jeopardy. 
jupati-palm (J6'pa-te-pam), . 
S . Arner. name, + E. palm*.] Raphtat<td>- 
iiera, a palm which grows on the rich alluvial 
soil on the banks of the Lower Amazon and 
Para rivers in Brazil. It has cylindrical leaf-stalks. 
which measure from 12 to 15 feet in length, and arc used 
3256 
This play of our*, just like some vest or jup 
Worn twice or thrice, wa* carefully laid up. 
fltelmoe. Epigrams (1670). 
jupel, H. [OF., also jw-', jui'iil, dim. of j/, 
a jupe: see jupe.] Same as jupon. 
jupette (JO-pef), H. [Dim. of jupe.] A jupoii 
having a very short skirt. 
Jupiter QO'pi-ter), n. [In older English fre- 
quently Juppiter; = F. Sp. Pg. Jiwiti-r, < L. Ju- 
piter, more correctly Jupfiiter, OL. Joupiter = 
Or. Ztvf xariip, voc. Zev irarep = Skt. l>yu tu- 
tor, lit. 'Jove (Zeus) father': see Jove, Zeus, 
deity, and father.] 1. In Horn, myth., the su- 
preme deity, the parallel of the Greek Zeus, 
and the embodiment of the might and national 
dignity of the Koreans. The central teat of his cult 
was the Capitol die Hill at Rome, where he had the title of 
Optlmus Maximus (Best Greatest). He waa primarily a 
divinity of the sky, and hence wa* considered to be the 
originator of all atmospheric change*. HI* weapon ws 
the thunderbolt He controlled and directed the future, 
and sacrifices were offered to secure his favor at the be- 
ginning of every undertaking. He wa* alto the guar- 
dian of property, whether of the state or of Individual*. 
White, the color of the light of day, was sacred to him: 
hence, white animal* were offered to him In sacrifice, his 
priests wore white cap*, hi* chariot was drawn by four 
white hone*, and the consul* were dressed In white when 
they sacrificed to him upon assuming office. The eagle 
was especially consecrated to him. The surviving artis- 
tic representations of Jupiter are comparative!) late, and 
betray Greek Influence, Imitating the type of the Greek 
Zeus. Also called Jmx. 
ix\Aa. /iim/ ww* w 
2. The brightest, of the superior planets, and 
the largest body of the solar system except the 
sun itself. It* sidereal period of revolution I* 11.88198 
Julian years, and It* synodlcal period 899 day*. It* mean 
distance from the sun is about 483,000,000 mile*. It* equa- 
torial diameter at It* mean distance subtends an angle of 
38", o that IU real diameter Is about one tenth of that 
of the sun (which subtends 1,922"X and about 11 times 
that of the earth (the solar parallax being 8".9). Jupiter is 
flattened at the pole* by no leu than one seventeenth of 
Its diameter. It* ma** Is about . ,' 4 . of that of the sun, or 
304 times that of the earth, making its mean density only 
1.3, that of the earth being taken at 5.5. Gravity at Its 
surface Is 2J times that at the earth. The most remarkable 
feature of the appearance of this planet Is the equatorial 
fascia) or bands which cross It* disk. These fascia; subsist 
generally for month* or even year*, but sometimes form In 
a few hours. They sometdnes hve a breadth of one sixth 
of the apparent disk of the planet. There are also spot* uf 
much greater permanence. It Is, however, probable that 
no solid matter can be seen, and quite doubtful whether 
any exists, in the planet. The spots revolve about the axis 
in 9 hours, 56 minute*, and 35 seconds, but the white cloud* 
in 5} minute* less time. From his photometric observa- 
tions, Zollner calculates the albedo of Jupiter to be 0.6, so 
high a value as to suggest that the planet must be self- 
luminous. Juplterhasfoursatellltesormoons. Thelrperl- 
ods of revolution are as follows : I. Id. 18h. 28m. S5.94.-*. ; 
II. 3d. 13n. 17m. 53.735*.; HI. 7d. Sh. 59m. 35.854*.; 1% . 
16d. 18h. 5m. 6.928*. 
3. In alchemy, tin, which was supposed to la- 
under the control of the planet Jupiter. 4. 
In her., the tincture azure or blue in blazoning 
by the planets. See blazon, n., 2. 5. lusool., 
a finback whale. Also called Jupiter-jixh. 
Rondelet . . . give* a figure of a " Balsena uni." . . . 
which the whale fishers of Saintonge call Oibbar, orgibbero 
dorso. . . . From this provincial name came Gibbartas, 
(iubartas Jubart, Jubartes, Jupiter, etc. 
j. U. TYumbull, I? Fisheries of U. 8. (18S4), I. . 
Jupiter's-beard (jo'pi-terz-berd), w. 1. The 
houseleek, Sempetrivum tectoruni. 2. An ever- 
green leguminous plant, Antliyllis Barba-Jori*, 
also called silver-bush ; also, less properly, Au- 
thyllis Fwfn<Taria,orlady'8-fingers. 3. A large 
fungus with a white fibrous margin, Badulnni 
~ . , rw . W* 1. _ r,. ' \ 
iiuercinum (Hydnum Barba-Jmis). 
Jupiter' s-dist'aff (iS'pi-terz-dis'taf), . A 
biate plant, or wild sage, Salvia 0WNMM, 
perhaps 1'hlomis fruticosa. [Prov. Eng.] 
Jupiter's-eye (jo'pi-terz-5), . The houseleek, 
s< ,11/11 rrii-xin tictorum. [Prov. Eng.] 
Jupiter's-flower(jo'pi-terz-flou'er),. Atrans- 
lation of Dianthus, the name of the puik-genns. 
also 6f the specific name of Agrotstemma (Lych- 
nis) Flos-Jovix. 
Jupiter'8-nut ( j8'pi-terz-nut ), n. [Translation 
ofJuglans.] The European walnut, Juglaun 
reiiia. 
Jupiter's-ataff (jo'pi-ter/.-staf ), . The mullen, 
wc measure rom , 
by the natives for a variety of purposes, as for the walls 
of houses and for baskets and boxes. 
jupet (jop). n. [Also j/i. jft (Flono); < ME. 
juiie, gipe (= MHG. jw/>/', ./"/"' >'/'/" .'"/" 
' l>l > '' 
iupon (jo'pon or jij-pon'), w. [Also juppon ; < 
ME. j'm/><'. jopowne. gipoun,gyi>oun.iiei>oiiii. < 
OF jupon, ;/>;/, ;/i/</>, F. jupon = Pr. JII/IHH, 
junto (ft. Sp. ji<6< = Pg- gioSo = It. gtubkme, 
prob. after F.), a short cassock, etc., dim. (or 
aug.) of jupe. a jupe: see jw;>e.] A garment 
<il't">, !/('<" /. - -j-.-^j ~i; -w - -.. -.- worn by men in the fourteenth and early part 
aippe, a silk stuff, a garment made of it, * .)/' o { tne Bfteentb century. Especially -(a) A jacket 
= Pr. jup<l= It. </'"/'/', giubbtl (ML. jnpu).< Sp. uf neavv material, sometime* stuffed and quil 
., (SKI < ATjg; '^"^ ,,*-- &Y..t5*8tea 
ment so called : see jubbah. MHG. teltube (,. go* toi3M., , nd with short sleeve, or none. In 
a-ltitiibe, is prob. from the same source. The n(;raldrv lt is ^.presented without sleeves and dagged or 
namc> was applied to various forms of garments. jaKge d at the bottom. It was introduced about the n 
Hence JHpon!] Same as jupon. die of the fourteenth century. 
205 
juratory 
The ffelonne with the Ifrne swerde freschelyhe stakes, ... 
Thorowejojxnfn* and jesserawnte of genii"* mailcrf 
llarte Arthurt (E. H. T. ., I 4.38. 
jurt, r. i. [A var. of jori, r.] To clash ; strike 
with a harsh noise. 
By that time that the multitude ran thither In great 
number*, and present. . I themselves readie to defend, the 
ramiue tujurriny also at the other part. 
Upland, tr. of Uvy, p. 90S. 
jurt, - [A var. of inrJ, .] A crashing colli- 
sion; a harsh-sounding blow; a crash. 
Jura (jo'rii), a. and . In </'"'. sam* as Juran- 
nic. - Jura limestone. See Km*<me. 
jural (jo'ral), a. [< L. JIM (jur-), right, law (sec 
jnx-),+ -at.] Pertaining to natural or posufv* 
right. 
By the adjective )vnl we shall denote that which ha* 
reference to the doctrine of right* and obligation*; a* by 
the adjective " moral " we denote that which ha* refer- 
ence to the doctrine of duties. Whcmll. 
jurally (jS'ral-i), adr. Aa regards or in accor- 
dance with natural or positive right. 
Sometime* there occur, a clear rupture of order In a 
society, and a triumph of Might over Right: and then a 
new order, springing out of and juratly rooted In disorder. 
//. SMjrtric*, Method* of Ethics, p. 174. 
juramentallyt (jo-ra-men'tal-i). adr. [< 'jura- 
mental, pertaining to an oath (< L. jurameiituni 
(> It. giuramcnto = OV.juri'iiient), an oath, < j- 
rare, swear: see jury), + -ly' 2 -] With an oath. 
A promise juramtntaUu confirmed. 
t'ryuAarl, tr. of Rabelais, 111. 19. 
jurant (jfl'rant), a. and H. [< F. jwranf, ppr. of 
jurer, swear: see jury.] I. a. Taking an oath; 
swearing. [Kare.] 
II. . One who takes an oath. [Kare.] 
Jurant and Dissident with their shaved crown, argue 
frothing everywhere ; or are ceasing to argue and strip- 
ping for battle. Carlyle, French Rev., IL IT. i. 
Jurassic ( ji>-ras'ik), a. and n. [< Jura (see def . ) 
+ -asxic, as in Triassir.] I. a. Pertaining or 
relating to the Jura mountains, and specifically, 
iugeol., to the Jurassic series. 
fl. n. In geol., that part of the geological 
series which includes all the groups and sub- 
groups older than the Cretaceous and newer 
than the Triassic : so called from the predomi- 
nance of rocks of this age in the Jura moun- 
tains. The Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous together 
form the Mesotolc series. The fiora of the Jurassic Is 
distinguished by a predominance of cycadaceous form*, 
fern* being also plentiful Its fauna Is rich and varied. 
The most highly developed animals In this geological po- 
sition are certain small marsupials. The oldest known 
bird possessing also some marked reptilian characters. Is 
found in the I'Dper Jurassic. The Jurassic series coven 
a wide area in Europe, and is also of great interest and 
Importance in the Cordllleran region of the t'nited State*. 
The name Oolite was originally applied to the rocks of 
Jurassic age In England by William Smith, by whom the 
order of succession of thl* part of the aeries wa* first 
worked out and published. The Jurassic of England In- 
clude* the Lias as It* lower member, and above thl* the 
Lower, M Iddlc, and I'pper Oolite*. In northwertern Ger- 
many the Jurassic Is divided Into the Lower or Black 
Jura, the Middle or Brown, and the Vpper or White. <>f 
these divisions the lower corresponds to the English Lias. 
The fossil remains of the Jurassic series In the t'nited 
State, are of great interest. Among them Is the Atlanta 
taurut, a dinosaur, supposed to have been a hundred feet 
In length and thirty or more In height. The auriferous 
rocks of the western edge of the North American conti- 
nent are, at least In large part, of Jurassic age. 
jurat 1 (jo'rat; F. pron. zhu-ra'), . [Formerly 
also jurate; < F. jurat (vernacularly jure, a jury- 
man) = Sp. Pg. jurado = It. qjurato, < ML. jura- 
tux, an alderman, a warden, juror, juryman, lit. 
one sworn, < L. juratux, pp. of jurare, swear : 
see jury.] A sworn officer; a magistrate; a 
member of a permanent jury. The word la now 
chiefly used as a title of office In the Channel Islands, 
where the Jurats are judges and legislators chosen for life, 
Jersey and Guernsey having twelve each, and Alderney all. 
Opyn your gate*, we commaunde yon in the name of the 
kyng The watchmen sayde, Sir*, the kaye. be within the 
towne with the iuratn. 
Brmen, tr. of Froissart's Chron., L ciciv. 
jurat 2 (jo'rat), n. [< L. juratum, neut. otjiira- 
tu, sworn: see jurat 1 . 1 In /air, the official 
memorandum subscribed at the end of an affi- 
davit, showing the time when and the person 
before whom it was sworn. fTkarton. 
juratet (jo'rat), M. An obsolete form of jrafl. 
jurationt (j$-ra'shon). H. [= It. gioraaone, < 
LL. juratio(H-), a swearing as on oath, < L. JM- 
r.irv, swear: see jury.] In tatr, the act of swear- 
ing; the administration of an oath. 
jurative (jo'ra-tiv>. . Pertaining to or hav- 
ing the purpose or the sanction and effeet of an 
oath: juratory. [Rare.] 
juratort, " "[< L. janitor, a swearer, a sworn 
witness, a sworn magistrate, ML. a juror, <j- 
c./i-c, swear: see jury, jror.] A juror. 
juratory ( J8'ra-to-ri). a. [= F. juratoirr = It 
giuratorio, < LL. juratonH*. of an oath, <. LI.JV- 
