juratory 
rator, a sworn witness, (jurare, swear: see JH- 
rut'ii, jury.} Of, pertaining to, or comprising 
an Oath. 
How often does St. Paul . . . repeat ... his juratory 
caution before the Lord : as, God is my witness? 
Donne, Sermons, vi. 
Juratory caution, in Scots law, a form of caution some- 
times ottered in a suspension or advocation, where the 
complainer is not in circumstances to off er any better. It 
consists of an inventory of his effects, given up upon oath, 
and assigned in security of the sums which may be found 
due in the suspension. 
jurdicciount, >< A Middle English variant of 
jurisdiction. 
jure divino (jo're di-vi'no). [L. : jure, abl. of 
jiis (jr-), right, law ; dirino, abl. of divinus, 
divine : see dicine.] By divine right. See di- 
vine. 
jurel (jo'rel), n. [Sp.] A fish of the genus 
Caranjc, as C. pisquetus, C.fallax, in Florida, etc. 
jurema-bark (jo-re'ma-bark), n. An astringent 
bark obtained from t"he Brazilian tree Acacia 
Jurema. The natives are said to prepare a 
narcotic decoction from it. 
juribali, juriballi (jo-ri-bal'i), n. [Native 
name.] AWest Indian tree, TrichiKa moschata, 
of the natural order Meliacete, the astringent 
bark of which is said to possess a high value in 
typhoid fevers. The name is also applied to two other 
menaceous trees, Soymda febnfuga,, of India and Ceylon, 
and Khaya Senegaiensis, of tropical Africa, which possess 
similar properties. 
juridic (ji?-rid'ik), a. [= P. juridique = Sp. 
juridico = Pg. juridico = It. giuridico, < L. ju- 
ridicus, relating to justice or law, as a noun a 
judge, < jus (jar-), law, + dieare, point out, 
dicere, say, declare. Cf. judge, ult. of same ele- 
ments.] Same as juridical. [Rare.] 
juridical (jij-rid'i-kal), a. [< Juridic + -al.~\ 
1. Pertaining to the promulgation or dispensa- 
tion of law ; founded upon or according to the 
forms of law ; relating to or concerned with ad- 
ministrative law: as, & juridical argument; ju- 
ridioal methods ; juridical oppression. 
The Influence of Christianity on a much more famous 
system than the Brehon law has always seemed to me to be 
greatly overstated by M. Troplong and other well-known 
juridical writers. Maine, Early Hist, of Institutions, p. 61. 
2. Subsisting in contemplation of law ; of the 
nature of an abstract legal conception: as, a 
juridical person, or a. juridical transaction (that 
is to say, a person or transaction legally sup- 
posed or conceived of to some extent irrespec- 
tive of actual existence and of incidents and 
circumstances not recognized by the law). 
Delivery of juridical possession. See delivery. Ju- 
ridical days, days in court on which law is administered ; 
days on which the court can lawfully sit. 
juridically (jo-rid'i-kal-i), adv. In a juridical 
manner; according to forms of law ; with legal 
authority. 
juridicialt, <* An obsolete variant of juridical. 
jurinite (jo'ri-nlt), n. [Named by Loret (1822) 
after Louis Jurine (1751-1819), a Genevan nat- 
uralist.] In mineral., same as brookite. 
jurisconsult (jo-ris-kon'sult), n. [= F. juris- 
consulte = Sp. Pg. jurisconsulto = It. giuriscoii- 
sulto, < L. jurisconsultus, also jureconsultus, also 
separately juris consultus and coiisultiis juris, 
one skilled in the law, < juris, gen. of jus, law, 
+ consults, pp. of consulere, consult: see con- 
sult.'] One who gives his opinion in cases of 
law; one learned in jurisprudence; a jurist; 
specifically, a master of the civil law. 
In divers particular sciences, as of the jurisconsults, . . . 
there are set down some small memorials of the schools, 
authors, and books. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 120. 
jurisdiction (jo-ris-dik'shqn), n. [< ME. juris- 
diction, jurdiccioun, < OF", jurisdiction, F. ju- 
ridictwn = Sp. jurisdiction = Pg. jurisdicffto = 
It. giurisdizione, < L. jurisdictio(n-), juris dic- 
tio(n-), administration of the law, jurisdiction, 
< juris, gen. of jus, law, + dietio(n-), a declaring : 
see diction.'] 1. Judicial authority ; the legal 
power of hearing and determining controversies 
or accusations ; the right of exercising the func- 
tions of a judge or of a legal tribunal. It includes 
the power to compel a person to appear and answer a com- 
plaint, or to punish him for not doing so ; the power to take 
property in dispute into the custody of the law ; the power 
to compel production of evidence, and hear the contention 
of the parties ; the power to determine questions of right 
between the parties, and to enforce the determination. 
Jurisdiction of the person depends usually on the giving of 
due notice to the person, or a voluntary appearance by him. 
Jurisdiction of the subject-matter usually depends on the 
statutory or common-law powers conferred on the court 
with reference to the nature of the controversy or prop- 
erty affected, and sometimes upon the seizure of the prop- 
erty into the custody of the law. 
By the long uniform usage of many ages, our kings have 
delegated their whole judicial power to the judges of their 
3256 
several courts, which are the grand depositaries of the 
fundamental laws of the kingdom, and have gained a 
known and stated jurisdiction, regulated by certain and 
established rules, which the crowii_itself cannot now alter 
but by act of Parliament. 
jury 
ment, and of the use of waters and the riddance of de- 
bris were regulated. Particular jurisprudence, that 
which in the laws of a given state or nation is peculiar to 
that state or nation. 
2. Controlling authority; 
and enforcing laws or re & .,.*. ~~.u, v~~ ^ ;, - t 
city of determining rules of action or use, and L. juris, of the law, gen. of jut, law, + pni- 
exacting penalties: &s,thejurisdictionot astate den (t-)s, having knowledge: see prudent. Ihis 
over its subiecta. adj. is later than the noun.] I.t a. Versed in 
the law ; understanding law. 
II. n. A person learned in the law ; one 
versed in jurisprudence. [Bare.] 
Klosterheim in particular . . . had been pronounced 
by some of the first jurisprudents a female appanage. 
De Quincetj. 
within which power is exev- jurisprudential (jo'^is-pro-den'shal), a. [< 
lly, the territory over which the jurisprudence (L. jurisprudentia) + -/.] Of, 
pertaining to, or relating to jurisprudence. 
Traverse the whole continent of Europe, ransack all the 
libraries belonging to all the jurisprudential systems of 
the several political states, add the contents together, you 
would not be able to compose a collection of cases equal 
in variety, in amplitude, in clearness of statement, ... to 
that which may be seen to be afforded by the collection 
of English Reports of adjudged cases. 
Bentham, Works, IV. 461. 
over its subjects. 
To live exempt 
From heaven's high jurisdiction. 
Milton, P. L., ii. 319. 
The jurisdiction of the several States which constitute 
the Union is, within its appropriate sphere, perfectly in- 
dependent of the federal government. 
T. H. Benton, Thirty Years, II. 283. 
3. The domain 
cised; specifically, 
authority of a state, court, or judge extends. 
The Mr. and Wardens shall make serene onelye within 
the jurisdition of the citie and touchinge the saide crafte 
onelye. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 307. 
4. The function or capacity of judging or gov- 
erning in general; the natural right to judge; 
inherent power of decision or control. 
A new book astonishes for a few days, takes itself out of . 
common jurisdiction. Emerson, Courage, jurist (jo'rist), H. [= F. jitnste = bp. Pg. ju- 
rista = It.giurista,(lj.jus(jur-),\a-w.] 1. One 
Man's language is higher than himself, more spiritual, 
more ethereal, and still less subject than he to the ju 
diction of the laws of material nature. 
ft P. Marsh, Lects on En* Lang 
Appellate Jurisdiction. See anginal jurisdiction, below. 
Concurrent jurisdiction. See concurrent. Conten- 
tious jurisdiction, that jurisdiction exercised when one 
invokes the aid of the law against one that disputes his 
demands, as distinguished from voluntary jurisdiction, 
when the person having a right to resist the demand ap- 
pears as a con 
tlon. See deegae.- oregn urscon , an . 
English statute of 1843 (a anO Viet., c. 94, and amend- taming to a jurist or to jurisprudence ; relating 
mcnts) relating to the exercise of powers in foreign coun- to law ; juridical ; legal. 
tries under rights acquired by treatyorotherwise. Gen- ivmstical (jo-ris'ti-kal), a. [< juristic + -a/.] 
eral Jurisdiction, jurisdiction in respect to either per- J" 1 " JjEtf- 
sons or property generally, within the boundaries of thu ^ame asjunsni. 
It is not rarely that we refuse respect or attention to 
diplomatic communications, as wide of the point and full 
f verbiage or conceits, when, in fact, they owe those ima- 
juris- who professes the science of law ; one versed 
xj . in the law, or more particularly in the civil law ; 
It has ever been the method of public jurists to draw a 
great part of the analogies on which they form the law of 
nations from the principles of law which prevail in civil 
community. Burke. 
g. Inuniversities,astudentiuthefacultyoflaw. 
S^l'l^-iSS!^''^ juristic (jo-ris'tik), ^jurist + -to.] . Per- 
._"_ ...... f* H Trj _i _ m . .. A ton*iTifTi\a iiniar r\v Tn nni'Ki iVln II 1 
state. Jurisdiction Acts. See Foreign Jurisdiction A ct. 
above, and Summary Jurisdiction Act, below. Limited 
Jurisdiction, a jurisdiction extending only to a certain 
district, or to certain classes of subjects or persons, etc., or 
to certain amounts. Original jurisdiction, the power 
to entertain an action from its commencement, as dis- 
ginary imperfections simply to the juristical point of view 
from which they have been conceived and written. 
Maine, Village Communities, p. 353. 
In a juristic 
lSSnS5^ juristical (jo-ris'ti-kal-i), adr. 
Pleatothejurisdlction,apleadenyingthejurisdiction .manner >or way; juridically. 
ur-nut er nut w. A dial, 
flexuosvm. 2. The 
Aracllig *n9<>, &* Peanut. [Prov. 
Viet., c. 43) for facilitating proceedings in criminal cases 
of the 
in Sc 
, . . 
e court to entertain anaction. Proper Jurisdiction, jur-nut (jer nut), w. [A dial, form of eartlinitt.j 
cots law, that jurisdiction which belongs to the judge j The earthnut, Bunium 
[< ME. jurour, < Or. jureor, 
33). Voluntary Jurisdiction. See contentious jurisdic 
tion, above. 
jurisdictional (jo-ris-dik'shon-al), a. [< juris- 
diction + -al.~\ Pertaining or relating to juris- 
diction : as, jurisdictional rights or interests. 
Civil and jurisdictional powers . . . were conferred on 
the council established by this charter. 
E. Everett, Orations, II. 221. 
jurisdictivet (jo-ris-dik'tiv), a. [As jurisdic- 
tion) + -ive.~] Of, pertaining to. or having ju- 
risdiction. 
To ecclesiasticall censure no jurisdictiee power can be 
added without a childish and dangerous oversight in pol- 
ity, and a pernicious contradiction in evangelick disci- 
pline. Milton, Church-Government, ii. 3. 
jurisprudence (jo-ris-pro'dens), . [= F. ju- 
risprudence = Sp. Pg. jurisprudencia = It. giu- 
risprudenza, < L. jurisprudentia, also juris pni- 
dentia, the science of the law, < juris, gen. of 
witness, a sworn magistrate, ML. a juror, < ju- 
rare, swear: see jury. CLjurator.~\ If. One who 
takes or has taken an oath; one who swears; 
an oath-taker. Compare nonjuror. 
I am a, juror in the holy league, 
And therefore hated of the Protestants. 
Marlowe, Massacre at Paris, ii. 6. 
2. One who serves on a jury; a juryman; a 
person sworn to deliver the truth on the evi- 
dence given him concerning any matter in 
question or on trial. See jury. 
If your will pass, 
I shall both find your lordship judge and Juror. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., v. 3, 60. 
members of a craft to act as arbiter between 
master and man, examine apprentices, initiate 
masters, and represent the body of them. 4. 
, -.., .,--.--, Q ne o f a tody of men selected to adjudge 
jus,l&w, + prudentia, knowledge, skill: se&prit- pr j zeg e tc., at a public exhibition or competi- 
dence.] 1. The science of law; the systemat- tion of kind challenge of Jurors. See chal- 
ic knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights ienge,9. Grand Juror.amemberof agrandjury. Pet- 
of men in a state or community necessary for tyjuror, a member of a petty jury, 
the due administration of justice ; the science jurt, See yurt. 
which treats of compulsory laws, with special jury (J6'ri), n. ; pi. juries (-riz). [Early mod. 
reference to their philosophy and history. 2. E. juris, < ME. jurie. < OF. juree, an oath, a 
The body of laws existing in a given state or judicial inquest, a jury (F. jury, juri, < E.), < 
nation. 3. More specifically, the body of un- 
written or judicial law considered in the light 
of its underlying principles and characteristic 
tendencies, and as distinguished from statute 
or legislative law Analytical jurisprudence. See 
analytic. Comparative jurisprudence, the analysis 
and comparison of the bodies of law existing in different 
states. In modern times the right development of law, 
and the tendency to a convenient assimilation of the laws 
of different civilized states and nations, have been much 
favored by the study of comparative jurisprudence. 
Equity Jurisprudence. See equity, 2 (6). General 
jurisprudence, the science or philosophy of law, as dis- 
tinguished from particular jurisprudence, or the know- 
ledge of the law of a particular nation. Medical Juris- 
prudence, forensic medicine. See forensic. Mining 
jurisprudence, the law, particularly the unwritten or 
non-statutory law, developed from the usages of miners, 
in newly discovered gold-fields, etc., according to which 
the rights of finders of conflicting claims, of abandon- 
ML. jurata, a jury, a sworn body of men, orig. 
fern. pp. of L. jurare (> F. jurer = Sp. Pg. jurar 
= It. giurare), swear, bind by an oath, < jiix 
(jur-),\&w: see jusfl.] 1. A certain number 
of men selected according to law, and sworn to 
inquire into or to determine facts concerning 
a cause or an accusation submitted to them, and 
to declare the truth according to the evidence 
adduced. Trial by jury signifies the determination of 
facts in the administration of civil or criminal justice by 
the arbitrament of such a body of men, subject to the 
superintendence of a judge, who directs the proceedings, 
decides what evidence is proper to belaid baton the jury, 
and determines questions of law. The juries in the or- 
dinary courts of justice are grand juries, petty or petit or 
common juries, special or struct juries, and sheriff's juries. 
Of these, the first and last are not trial juries in the proper 
sense. (See phrases below.) The principle of trial by jury 
existed in different forms among the ancient Greeks, Bo- 
